-
Zootaxa Mar 2019The current work provides a revised and updated key to the genera of Eucharitidae occurring in the New World, with the major traits of genera illustrated through...
A synopsis of the Brazilian Eucharitidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) fauna: an annotated checklist of the family in the country, with a revised key for the New World genera.
The current work provides a revised and updated key to the genera of Eucharitidae occurring in the New World, with the major traits of genera illustrated through high-resolution photomicrography. We provide an annotated list of genera and species currently known from Brazil, with a new record for a genus previously unknown for the country. Additionally, we provide a literature revision of the biology and cuticular hydrocarbon profile for the Eucharitidae. The lack of knowledge on the eucharitid Brazilian fauna is briefly discussed.
Topics: Animals; Brazil; Hymenoptera
PubMed: 31716502
DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4564.2.3 -
Veterinary Clinical Pathology Mar 2020
Topics: Animals; Biopsy, Fine-Needle; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Esthesioneuroblastoma, Olfactory; Male; Maxillary Sinus; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; Nasal Cavity; Nose Neoplasms; Photomicrography; Prognosis; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 31680277
DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12794 -
Veterinary Clinical Pathology Mar 2020
Topics: Animals; Cough; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Inflammation; Intubation, Intratracheal; Male; Paragonimiasis; Paragonimus; Photomicrography; Trachea
PubMed: 31677286
DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12797 -
Nature Methods Nov 2019
Topics: Diagnostic Imaging; Humans; Photomicrography
PubMed: 31673158
DOI: 10.1038/s41592-019-0656-8 -
Experimental Parasitology Jan 2020Here, we report enhanced the in vitro effect of potassium usnate on coupled adult Schistosoma mansoni worms at different time intervals and concentrations. The evaluated...
Here, we report enhanced the in vitro effect of potassium usnate on coupled adult Schistosoma mansoni worms at different time intervals and concentrations. The evaluated schistosomicidal parameters were the following: motility, mortality, fecundity and integumentary changes, as viewed in photomicrographs. Potassium usnate was able to cause 100 and 50% mortality at 100 and 50 μM concentrations, respectively, after 24 h of exposure, while 25 and 12.5 μM concentrations caused changes in motility at 48 and 72 h, and lethality at 96 and 120 h respectively. Eggs were not detected at any of the concentrations analyzed. Photomicrographs revealed morphological tegument alterations within all periods of observation, such as swelling, blisters, dorsoventral contraction, short and curved worms. In conclusion, our results indicate that potassium usnate represents a possible candidate for a new drug in the control of schistosomiasis.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Anthelmintics; Benzofurans; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Fertility; Male; Mice; Movement; Photomicrography; Schistosoma mansoni; Schistosomiasis mansoni; Time Factors
PubMed: 31634474
DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2019.107779 -
Journal of Forensic Sciences Mar 2020Previous studies suggest cardiovascular pathologists are less accurate than noncardiovascular pathologists (e.g., clinical pathologists) in estimating the degree of... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Previous studies suggest cardiovascular pathologists are less accurate than noncardiovascular pathologists (e.g., clinical pathologists) in estimating the degree of coronary artery stenosis. To further investigate the effect of training on accurate estimation of coronary artery stenosis, we designed a study to compare the accuracy of estimates made by forensic pathologists versus medical students. Six forensic pathologists and twelve medical students each independently examined 24 images of coronary artery cross sections and gave an estimate of the degree of stenosis. When comparing all 24 images, the forensic pathologists had a median difference between the estimated percentage of stenosis and actual percentage of stenosis of -12.380 and the medical students had a median difference of -16.50 (p-value of 0.08542). In estimating the percentage of stenosis, training in forensic pathology does not guarantee significantly improved accuracy compared with medical students. Our study showed no consistent statistically significant difference between estimates given by forensic pathologists and by medical students.
Topics: Clinical Competence; Coronary Stenosis; Forensic Pathology; Humans; Pathologists; Photography; Photomicrography; Students, Medical
PubMed: 31529695
DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.14190 -
Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology Oct 2019Aedes aegypti is a major mosquito vector that can transfer many deadly diseases such as dengue, chikungunya, Zika, and yellow fever viruses. Due to the developing...
Aedes aegypti is a major mosquito vector that can transfer many deadly diseases such as dengue, chikungunya, Zika, and yellow fever viruses. Due to the developing resistance among the vector populations by the application of chemical insecticides, alternative eco-friendly vector management strategies are being focused. In this aspect, the present study was carried out to evaluate the mosquitocidal potentials of essential oil of Sphaeranthus amaranthoides (EO-Sa). EO-Sa was found to be effective against Ae. aegypti mosquito vector by exhibiting significant larvicidal, adulticidal and repellent activities. GCMS analysis of EO-Sa revealed the presence of Carvone as the major component (peak area of 89.7%). The larvicidal bioassays performed revealed that the second instar larvae were relatively more susceptible (94.32% mortality) to EO-Sa treatments (75 ppm), LC, 20.38 ppm.The sub lethal treatment concentration (20 ppm) significantly affected the oviposition, fecundity and morphology of Ae. aegypti. At sub lethal treatment concentration, EO-Sa down regulated α- and β carboxylesterase and up regulated the GST and CYP450 level of third and fourth instar larvae. Thus the present results illustrates that EO-Sa can deliver a durable larvicidal, repellent and adulticidal activity against Ae. aegypti in an effective and eco-friendly manner.
Topics: Aedes; Animals; Asteraceae; Dengue; Insect Vectors; Oils, Volatile
PubMed: 31519251
DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2019.08.006 -
Toxicologic Pathology Jul 2019Reliable detection and measurement of cell proliferation are essential in the preclinical assessment of carcinogenic risk of therapeutics. In this context, the...
Reliable detection and measurement of cell proliferation are essential in the preclinical assessment of carcinogenic risk of therapeutics. In this context, the assessment of mitogenic potential on mammary glands is crucial in the preclinical safety evaluation of novel insulins. The existing manual counting is time-consuming and subject to operator bias. To standardize the processes, make it faster, and resistant to errors, we developed a semiautomated image analysis system (CEPA software, which is open-source) for counting of proliferating cells in photomicrographs of mammary gland sections of rats labeled with Ki-67. We validated the software and met the predefined targets for specificity, accuracy, and reproducibility. In comparison to manual counting, the respective mean differences in absolute labeling indices (LIs) for CEPA software were 3.12% for user 1 and 3.05% for user 2. The respective regression analysis revealed a good correlation between the CEPA software user and manual counting. Moreover, the CEPA software showed enhanced reproducibility between independent users. The interuser variability is centered around 0 and the absolute difference was about 0.53% LI. Based on validation data, our software has superiority to the manual counting and is a valid and reliable tool for the routine analysis of cell proliferation in mammary glands from rats exposed to insulin analogs.
Topics: Animals; Cell Proliferation; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Female; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Insulin; Mammary Glands, Animal; Photomicrography; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reproducibility of Results; Software; Toxicity Tests
PubMed: 31409263
DOI: 10.1177/0192623319863129 -
Veterinary Clinical Pathology Oct 2019Romanowsky staining is often the initial method used to stain hematologic and cytologic materials. While immunocytochemistry (ICC) is a well-established method on... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
Romanowsky staining is often the initial method used to stain hematologic and cytologic materials. While immunocytochemistry (ICC) is a well-established method on air-dried smears, there are rare veterinary reports of ICC involving Romanowsky-stained slides.
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to compare immunoreactivity of unstained vs Romanowsky-stained specimens, evaluate reactions over time, and assess ICC associations with confirmatory tests of 50 lymphoma cases. Another goal aimed to optimize manual ICC protocols with cellular and tissue immunomarkers to detect CD3ε, CD20, Pax5, MHCII, lysozyme, MUM1, vimentin, cytokeratin, and Melan-A antigens on Romanowsky-stained specimens.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Cytologic specimens from cases of lymphoid and nonlymphoid neoplasms were stained with a methanolic Romanowsky method. Additional unstained slides from these cases were used for comparison with the stained materials. Antigen retrieval involved a citrate buffer pH6 or Tris/EDTA pH9 at 95°C for 25 minutes in a decloaking chamber. Immunocytochemistry used known positive and secondary antibody-only negative cytologic controls. Immunoreactivity of unstained and prestained lymphoma slides was graded by the intensity and percent of stained cells. Signal grading was monitored over time for diagnostic differences.
RESULTS
Unstained and Romanowsky-stained slides had similar membrane/cytoplasm graded reactions, but unstained slides produced stronger signals. Romanowsky-stained blood films from B-cell and T-cell leukemias showed minimal loss of signal when monitored over 20 weeks. Signal differences did not change the diagnosis. There was a significant association between ICC and confirmatory tests. Optimization involved antibody dilution and antigen retrieval methodology for each antibody tested.
CONCLUSIONS
Immunocytochemistry of Romanowsky-stained material can be successfully performed using antibodies against CD3ε, CD20, cytokeratin, lysozyme, Melan-A, MHCII, MUM1, Pax5, and vimentin.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies; Antigens, Neoplasm; Azure Stains; Biomarkers, Tumor; Biopsy, Needle; Cat Diseases; Cats; Coloring Agents; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Eosine Yellowish-(YS); Immunohistochemistry; Leukocytes; Lymph Nodes; Lymphoma; Photomicrography; Staining and Labeling
PubMed: 31347181
DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12759 -
The Indian Journal of Medical Research Mar 2019
Topics: Biopsy; Carcinosarcoma; Humans; Lymph Nodes; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Photomicrography; Temporal Bone
PubMed: 31249211
DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_1248_17