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Environmental Microbiology Nov 2017The eurypsychrophilic bacterium Planococcus halocryophilus is capable of growth down to -15°C, making it ideal for studying adaptations to subzero growth. To increase...
The eurypsychrophilic bacterium Planococcus halocryophilus is capable of growth down to -15°C, making it ideal for studying adaptations to subzero growth. To increase our understanding of the mechanisms and pathways important for subzero growth, we performed proteomics on P. halocryophilus grown at 23°C, 23°C with 12% w/v NaCl and -10°C with 12% w/v NaCl. Many proteins with increased abundances at -10°C versus 23°C also increased at 23C-salt versus 23°C, indicating a closely tied relationship between salt and cold stress adaptation. Processes which displayed the largest changes in protein abundance were peptidoglycan and fatty acid (FA) synthesis, translation processes, methylglyoxal metabolism, DNA repair and recombination, and protein and nucleotide turnover. We identified intriguing targets for further research at -10°C, including PlsX and KASII (FA metabolism), DD-transpeptidase and MurB (peptidoglycan synthesis), glyoxalase family proteins (reactive electrophile response) and ribosome modifying enzymes (translation turnover). PemK/MazF may have a crucial role in translational reprogramming under cold conditions. At -10°C P. halocryophilus induces stress responses, uses resources efficiently, and carefully controls its growth and metabolism to maximize subzero survival. The present study identifies several mechanisms involved in subzero growth and enhances our understanding of cold adaptation.
Topics: Acclimatization; Bacterial Proteins; Cold Temperature; DNA Repair; Planococcus Bacteria; Proteomics
PubMed: 28834033
DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13893 -
ELife Aug 2017Gut bacteria occupy the interface between the organism and the external environment, contributing to homeostasis and disease. Yet, the causal role of the gut microbiota...
Gut bacteria occupy the interface between the organism and the external environment, contributing to homeostasis and disease. Yet, the causal role of the gut microbiota during host aging is largely unexplored. Here, using the African turquoise killifish (), a naturally short-lived vertebrate, we show that the gut microbiota plays a key role in modulating vertebrate life span. Recolonizing the gut of middle-age individuals with bacteria from young donors resulted in life span extension and delayed behavioral decline. This intervention prevented the decrease in microbial diversity associated with host aging and maintained a young-like gut bacterial community, characterized by overrepresentation of the key genera and . Our findings demonstrate that the natural microbial gut community of young individuals can causally induce long-lasting beneficial systemic effects that lead to life span extension in a vertebrate model.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Fundulidae; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Gastrointestinal Tract; Longevity
PubMed: 28826469
DOI: 10.7554/eLife.27014 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Aug 2017A pale-red-pigmented bacterial strain, designated CW1T, was isolated from a polluted soil sample in China and was characterized by a polyphasic taxonomic approach....
A pale-red-pigmented bacterial strain, designated CW1T, was isolated from a polluted soil sample in China and was characterized by a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Strain CW1T was Gram-stain-positive (or variable), coccoid, motile by a single polar flagellum and non-spore-forming. Growth was observed at 15-37 °C, but not at 10 °C or 40 °C, at pH 5.0-9.0 and with 0-5 % NaCl (w/v). Phylogenetic analysis showed that strain CW1T belongs to the genus Planococcus. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities between CW1T and the four most closely related type strains, Planococcus antarcticus DSM 14505T, Planococcus halocryophilus DSM 24743T, Planomicrobium soli XN13T and Planomicrobium okeanokoites NBRC 12536T were 97.96, 97.83, 97.83 and 97.82 %, respectively. The whole-cell sugars contained galactose, ribose and glucose. The major respiratory quinone was MK-7 followed by MK-8, and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphoglycolipid. The DNA G+C content was 48.6 mol%. The phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses indicated that strain CW1T belongs unanimously to the genus Planococcus. However, DNA-DNA hybridization showed relatively low relatedness of 21.8 % (DSM 14505T) and 19.6 % (DSM 24743T) with the two most closely related strains of the genus Planococcus. Combined with the genotypic and phenotypic analysis, strain CW1T should represent a novel species in the genus Planococcus, for which the name Planococcus ruber sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CW1T (=CCTCC AB 207187T=LMG 24442T).
Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Farms; Fatty Acids; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; Planococcus Bacteria; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Soil Pollutants; Vitamin K 2
PubMed: 28809140
DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.001960 -
3 Biotech Jun 2017Microbial communities in hot springs at high elevations have been extensively studied worldwide. In this sense, the Indian Himalaya regions is valuable ecosystems for...
Microbial communities in hot springs at high elevations have been extensively studied worldwide. In this sense, the Indian Himalaya regions is valuable ecosystems for providing both the extreme 'cold' and 'hot' sites for exploring microbial diversity. In the present study, a total of 140 thermophilic bacteria were isolated from 12 samples collected from Manikaran and Yumthang hot springs of Indian Himalayas. The bacterial isolates were studied for phylogenetic profiling, growth properties at varying conditions and potential sources of extracellular thermostable hydrolytic enzymes such as protease, amylase, xylanase and cellulase. Based on production of extracellular hydrolases, 51 isolates from Manikaran (28) and Yumthang thermal springs (23) were selected and identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing which included 37 distinct species of 14 different genera namely Anoxybacillus, Bacillus, Brevibacillus, Brevundimonas, Burkholderia, Geobacillus, Paenibacillus, Planococcus, Pseudomonas, Rhodanobacter, Thermoactinomyces, Thermobacillus, Thermonema and Thiobacillus. Out of 51 hydrolase producing bacteria, 24 isolates showed stability at wide range of temperature and pH treatments. In present investigation, three thermotolerant bacteria namely, Thermobacillus sp NBM6, Paenibacillus ehimensis NBM24 and Paenibacillus popilliae NBM68 were found to produced cellulase-free xylanase. These potential extracellular thermostable hydrolytic enzymes producing thermophilic bacteria have a great commercial prospect in various industrial, medical and agriculture applications.
PubMed: 28567630
DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0762-1 -
Journal of Biotechnology Jun 2017The type strain Planococcus donghaensis JH1 is a psychrotolerant and halotolerant bacterium with starch-degrading ability. Here, we determine the carbon utilization...
The type strain Planococcus donghaensis JH1 is a psychrotolerant and halotolerant bacterium with starch-degrading ability. Here, we determine the carbon utilization profile of P. donghaensis JH1 and report the first complete genome of the strain. This study revealed the strain's ability to utilize pectin and d-galacturonic acid, and identified genes responsible for degradation of the polysaccharides. The genomic information provided may serve as a fundamental resource for full exploration of the biotechnological potential of P. donghaensis JH1.
Topics: DNA, Bacterial; Genome, Bacterial; Hexuronic Acids; Pectins; Planococcus Bacteria; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 28483443
DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.05.005 -
FEMS Microbiology Letters Jun 2017Utilization of rhizobacteria that have associated with plant roots in harsh environments could be a feasible strategy to deal with limits to agricultural production...
Utilization of rhizobacteria that have associated with plant roots in harsh environments could be a feasible strategy to deal with limits to agricultural production caused by soil salinity. Halophytes occur naturally in high-salt environments, and their roots may be associated with promising microbial candidates for promoting growth and salt tolerance in crops. This study aimed to isolate efficient halotolerant plant-growth-promoting rhizobacterial strains from halophytes and evaluate their activity and effects on sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) growth under salinity stress. A total of 23 isolates were initially screened for their ability to secrete 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase (ACD) as well as other plant-growth-promoting characteristics and subsequently identified by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene. Three isolates, identified as Micrococcus yunnanensis, Planococcus rifietoensis and Variovorax paradoxus, enhanced salt stress tolerance remarkably in sugar beet, resulting in greater seed germination and plant biomass, higher photosynthetic capacity and lower stress-induced ethylene production at different NaCl concentrations (50-125 mM). These results demonstrate that salinity-adapted, ACD-producing bacteria isolated from halophytes could promote sugar beet growth under saline stress conditions.
Topics: Alphaproteobacteria; Beta vulgaris; Biomass; Carbon-Carbon Lyases; Ethylenes; Micrococcus; Planococcus Bacteria; Plant Roots; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Salinity; Salt-Tolerant Plants; Soil; Soil Microbiology; Stress, Physiological
PubMed: 28460054
DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnx091 -
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology Sep 2017Melanin is a photo-protective polymer found in many organisms. Our research shows that the bacteria associated with darkly pigmented sponges (Haliclona pigmentifera,...
Melanin is a photo-protective polymer found in many organisms. Our research shows that the bacteria associated with darkly pigmented sponges (Haliclona pigmentifera, Sigmadocia pumila, Fasciospongia cavernosa, Spongia officinalis, and Callyspongia diffusa) secrete non-cytotoxic melanin, with antioxidant activity that protects animal cells from photo-toxicity. Out of 156 bacterial strains screened, 22 produced melanin and these melanin-producing bacteria (MPB) were identified as Vibrio spp., Providencia sp., Bacillus sp., Shewanella sp., Staphylococcus sp., Planococcus sp., Salinococcus sp., and Glutamicibacter sp. Maximum melanin production was exhibited by Vibrio alginolyticus Marine Microbial Reference Facility (MMRF) 534 (50 mg ml), followed by two isolates of Vibrio harveyi MMRF 535 (40 mg ml) and MMRF 546 (30 mg ml). Using pathway inhibition assay and FT-IR spectral analysis, we identified the melanin secreted into the culture medium of MPB as 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene-melanin. The bacterial melanin was non-cytotoxic to mouse fibroblast L929 cells and brine shrimps up to a concentration of 200 and 500 ppm, respectively. Bacterial melanin showed antioxidant activity at very low concentration (IC-9.0 ppm) and at 50 ppm, melanin protected L929 cells from UV-induced intracellular reactive oxygen stress. Our study proposes sponge-associated bacteria as a potential source of non-cytotoxic melanin with antioxidant potentials.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Cell Line; Fibroblasts; Melanins; Mice; Porifera; Ultraviolet Rays
PubMed: 28315112
DOI: 10.1007/s12010-017-2453-0 -
Scientific Reports Feb 2017Planococcus is a Gram-positive halotolerant bacterial genus in the phylum Firmicutes, commonly found in various habitats in Antarctica. Quorum quenching (QQ) is the...
Planococcus is a Gram-positive halotolerant bacterial genus in the phylum Firmicutes, commonly found in various habitats in Antarctica. Quorum quenching (QQ) is the disruption of bacterial cell-to-cell communication (known as quorum sensing), which has previously been described in mesophilic bacteria. This study demonstrated the QQ activity of a psychrotolerant strain, Planococcus versutus strain L10.15, isolated from a soil sample obtained near an elephant seal wallow in Antarctica. Whole genome analysis of this bacterial strain revealed the presence of an N-acyl homoserine lactonase, an enzyme that hydrolyzes the ester bond of the homoserine lactone of N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHLs). Heterologous gene expression in E. coli confirmed its functions for hydrolysis of AHLs, and the gene was designated as aidP (autoinducer degrading gene from Planococcus sp.). The low temperature activity of this enzyme suggested that it is a novel and uncharacterized class of AHL lactonase. This study is the first report on QQ activity of bacteria isolated from the polar regions.
Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Amino Acid Sequence; Bacterial Proteins; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; Escherichia coli; Phylogeny; Planococcus Bacteria; Quorum Sensing; Sequence Alignment
PubMed: 28225085
DOI: 10.1038/srep42968 -
Journal of Industrial Microbiology &... Jun 2017A recently developed rapid co-composting of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) and palm oil mill effluent (POME) anaerobic sludge is beginning to attract attention from...
A recently developed rapid co-composting of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) and palm oil mill effluent (POME) anaerobic sludge is beginning to attract attention from the palm oil industry in managing the disposal of these wastes. However, a deeper understanding of microbial diversity is required for the sustainable practice of the co-compositing process. In this study, an in-depth assessment of bacterial community succession at different stages of the pilot scale co-composting of OPEFB-POME anaerobic sludge was performed using 454-pyrosequencing, which was then correlated with the changes of physicochemical properties including temperature, oxygen level and moisture content. Approximately 58,122 of 16S rRNA gene amplicons with more than 500 operational taxonomy units (OTUs) were obtained. Alpha diversity and principal component analysis (PCoA) indicated that bacterial diversity and distributions were most influenced by the physicochemical properties of the co-composting stages, which showed remarkable shifts of dominant species throughout the process. Species related to Devosia yakushimensis and Desemzia incerta are shown to emerge as dominant bacteria in the thermophilic stage, while Planococcus rifietoensis correlated best with the later stage of co-composting. This study proved the bacterial community shifts in the co-composting stages corresponded with the changes of the physicochemical properties, and may, therefore, be useful in monitoring the progress of co-composting and compost maturity.
Topics: Bacteria; Biodiversity; Composting; Fruit; Industrial Waste; Palm Oil; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sewage
PubMed: 28197796
DOI: 10.1007/s10295-017-1916-1 -
The ISME Journal Mar 2017Mealybugs (Insecta: Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) maintain obligatory relationships with bacterial symbionts, which provide essential nutrients to their insect hosts. Most...
Mealybugs (Insecta: Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) maintain obligatory relationships with bacterial symbionts, which provide essential nutrients to their insect hosts. Most pseudococcinae mealybugs harbor a unique symbiosis setup with enlarged betaproteobacterial symbionts ('Candidatus Tremblaya princeps'), which themselves contain gammaproteobacterial symbionts. Here we investigated the symbiosis of the manna mealybug, Trabutina mannipara, using a metagenomic approach. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the intrabacterial symbiont of T. mannipara represents a novel lineage within the Gammaproteobacteria, for which we propose the tentative name 'Candidatus Trabutinella endobia'. Combining our results with previous data available for the nested symbiosis of the citrus mealybug Planococcus citri, we show that synthesis of essential amino acids and vitamins and translation-related functions partition between the symbiotic partners in a highly similar manner in the two systems, despite the distinct evolutionary origin of the intrabacterial symbionts. Bacterial genes found in both mealybug genomes and complementing missing functions in both symbioses were likely integrated in ancestral mealybugs before T. mannipara and P. citri diversified. The high level of correspondence between the two mealybug systems and their highly intertwined metabolic pathways are unprecedented. Our work contributes to a better understanding of the only known intracellular symbiosis between two bacteria and suggests that the evolution of this unique symbiosis included the replacement of intrabacterial symbionts in ancestral mealybugs.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Betaproteobacteria; Biological Evolution; Gammaproteobacteria; Hemiptera; Symbiosis
PubMed: 27983719
DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2016.148