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International Journal of Systematic and... Apr 2017A taxonomic study was performed on a novel Gram-stain-positive, coccus-shaped, orange-pigmented motile bacterium, designated as strain L10.15. The organism was isolated...
A taxonomic study was performed on a novel Gram-stain-positive, coccus-shaped, orange-pigmented motile bacterium, designated as strain L10.15. The organism was isolated from a soil sample collected in Lagoon Island (close to Adelaide Island, western Antarctic Peninsula) using a quorum-quenching enrichment medium. Growth occurred at 4-30 °C, pH 6-11 and at moderately high salinity (0-15 %, w/v, NaCl), with optimal growth at 26 °C, at pH 7-8 and with 6 % (w/v) NaCl. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain L10.15 belonged to the genus Planococcus and was closely related to Planococcus halocryophilus Or1 (99.3 % similarity), Planococcus donghaensis JH1 (99.0 %), Planococcus antarcticus DSM 14505 (98.3 %), Planococcus plakortidis AS/ASP6 (II) (97.6 %), Planococcus maritimus TF-9 (97.5 %), Planococcus salinarum ISL-6 (97.5 %) and Planococcus kocurii NCIMB 629 (97.5 %). However, the average nucleotide identity-MUMmer analysis showed low genomic relatedness values of 71.1-81.7 % to the type strains of these closely related species of the genus Planococcus. The principal fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 1ω7c and anteiso-C17 : 0, and the major menaquinones of strain L10.15 were MK-5 (48 %), MK-6 (6 %) and MK-7 (44 %). Polar lipid analysis revealed the presence of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and aminophospholipid. The DNA G+C content was 39.4 mol%. The phenotypic and genotypic data indicate that strain L10.15 represents a novel species of the genus Planococcus, for which the name Planococcus versutus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is L10.15 (=DSM 101994=KACC 18918).
Topics: Antarctic Regions; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Planococcus Bacteria; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Ubiquinone; Vitamin K 2
PubMed: 27959786
DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.001721 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2016Pseudo-nitzschia blooms often occur in coastal and open ocean environments, sometimes leading to the production of the neurotoxin domoic acid that can cause severe...
Pseudo-nitzschia blooms often occur in coastal and open ocean environments, sometimes leading to the production of the neurotoxin domoic acid that can cause severe negative impacts to higher trophic levels. Increasing evidence suggests a close relationship between phytoplankton bloom and bacterial assemblages, however, the microbial composition and succession during a bloom process is unknown. Here, we investigate the bacterial assemblages before, during and after toxic and non-toxic Pseudo-nitzschia blooms to determine the patterns of bacterial succession in a natural bloom setting. Opportunistic sampling of bacterial community profiles were determined weekly at Santa Cruz Municipal Wharf by 454 pyrosequencing and analyzed together with domoic acid levels, phytoplankton community and biomass, nutrients and temperature. We asked if the bacterial communities are similar between bloom and non-bloom events and if domoic acid or the presence of toxic algal species acts as a driving force that can significantly structure phytoplankton-associated bacterial communities. We found that bacterial diversity generally increases when Pseudo-nitzschia numbers decline. Furthermore, bacterial diversity is higher when the low-DA producing P. fraudulenta dominates the algal bloom while bacterial diversity is lower when high-DA producing P. australis dominates the algal bloom, suggesting that the presence of algal toxin can structure bacterial community. We also found bloom-related succession patterns among associated bacterial groups; Gamma-proteobacteria, were dominant during low toxic P. fraudulenta blooms comprising mostly of Vibrio spp., which increased in relative abundance (6-65%) as the bloom progresses. On the other hand, Firmicutes bacteria comprising mostly of Planococcus spp. (12-86%) dominate during high toxic P. australis blooms, with the bacterial assemblage showing the same bloom-related successional patterns in three independent bloom events. Other environmental variables such as nitrate and phosphate and temperature appear to influence some low abundant bacterial groups as well. Our results suggest that phytoplankton-associated bacterial communities are strongly affected not just by phytoplankton bloom in general, but also by the type of algal species that dominates in the natural bloom.
PubMed: 27672385
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01433 -
Proceedings of the National Academy of... Sep 2016Stable endosymbiosis of a bacterium into a host cell promotes cellular and genomic complexity. The mealybug Planococcus citri has two bacterial endosymbionts with an...
Stable endosymbiosis of a bacterium into a host cell promotes cellular and genomic complexity. The mealybug Planococcus citri has two bacterial endosymbionts with an unusual nested arrangement: the γ-proteobacterium Moranella endobia lives in the cytoplasm of the β-proteobacterium Tremblaya princeps These two bacteria, along with genes horizontally transferred from other bacteria to the P. citri genome, encode gene sets that form an interdependent metabolic patchwork. Here, we test the stability of this three-way symbiosis by sequencing host and symbiont genomes for five diverse mealybug species and find marked fluidity over evolutionary time. Although Tremblaya is the result of a single infection in the ancestor of mealybugs, the γ-proteobacterial symbionts result from multiple replacements of inferred different ages from related but distinct bacterial lineages. Our data show that symbiont replacement can happen even in the most intricate symbiotic arrangements and that preexisting horizontally transferred genes can remain stable on genomes in the face of extensive symbiont turnover.
Topics: Animals; Betaproteobacteria; Gammaproteobacteria; Gene Transfer, Horizontal; Genome, Bacterial; Phylogeny; Planococcus Insect; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Symbiosis
PubMed: 27573819
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1603910113 -
Microbial Ecology Oct 2016Heavy metals influence the population size, diversity, and metabolic activity of bacteria. In turn, bacteria can develop heavy metal resistance mechanisms, and this can...
Diversity and Distribution of Heavy Metal-Resistant Bacteria in Polluted Sediments of the Araça Bay, São Sebastião (SP), and the Relationship Between Heavy Metals and Organic Matter Concentrations.
Heavy metals influence the population size, diversity, and metabolic activity of bacteria. In turn, bacteria can develop heavy metal resistance mechanisms, and this can be used in bioremediation of contaminated areas. The purpose of the present study was to understand how heavy metals concentration influence on diversity and distribution of heavy metal-resistant bacteria in Araça Bay, São Sebastião, on the São Paulo coast of Brazil. The hypothesis is that activities that contribute for heavy metal disposal and the increase of metals concentrations in environment can influence in density, diversity, and distribution of heavy metal-resistant bacteria. Only 12 % of the isolated bacteria were sensitive to all of the metals tested. We observed that the highest percentage of resistant strains were in areas closest to the São Sebastião channel, where port activity occurs and have bigger heavy metals concentrations. Bacterial isolated were most resistant to Cr, followed by Zn, Cd, and Cu. Few strains resisted to Cd levels greater than 200 mg L(-1). In respect to Cr, 36 % of the strains were able to grow in the presence of as much as 3200 mg L(-1). Few strains were able to grow at concentrations of Zn and Cu as high as 1600 mg L(-1), and none grew at the highest concentration of 3200 mg L(-1). Bacillus sp. was most frequently isolated and may be the dominant genus in heavy metal-polluted areas. Staphylococcus sp., Planococcus maritimus, and Vibrio aginolyticus were also isolated, suggesting their potential in bioremediation of contaminated sites.
Topics: Bacillus; Bacteria; Base Sequence; Bays; Biodegradation, Environmental; Biodiversity; Brazil; Cadmium; Chromium; Copper; DNA, Bacterial; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Environmental Monitoring; Geologic Sediments; Metals, Heavy; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Microbiological Techniques; Multivariate Analysis; Organic Chemicals; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Zinc
PubMed: 27480227
DOI: 10.1007/s00248-016-0821-x -
Current Microbiology Oct 2016Several reports have highlighted that many plant growth-promoting endophytic bacteria (PGPE) can assist their host plants in coping with various biotic and abiotic...
Several reports have highlighted that many plant growth-promoting endophytic bacteria (PGPE) can assist their host plants in coping with various biotic and abiotic stresses. However, information about the PGPE colonizing in the halophytes is still scarce. This study was designed to isolate and characterize PGPE from salt-accumulating halophyte Salicornia europaea grown under extreme salinity and to evaluate in vitro the bacterial mechanisms related to plant growth promotion. A total of 105 isolates were obtained from the surface-sterilized roots, stems, and assimilation twigs of S. europaea. Thirty-two isolates were initially selected for their ability to produce 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase as well as other properties such as production of indole-3-acetic acid and phosphate-solubilizing activities. The 16S rRNA gene-sequencing analysis revealed that these isolates belong to 13 different genera and 19 bacterial species. For these 32 strains, seed germination and seedling growth in axenically grown S. europaea seedlings at different NaCl concentrations (50-500 mM) were quantified. Five isolates possessing significant stimulation of the host plant growth were obtained. The five isolates were identified as Bacillus endophyticus, Bacillus tequilensis, Planococcus rifietoensis, Variovorax paradoxus, and Arthrobacter agilis. All the five strains could colonize and can be reisolated from the host plant interior tissues. These results demonstrate that habitat-adapted PGPE isolated from halophyte could enhance plant growth under saline stress conditions.
Topics: Bacteria; Chenopodiaceae; Endophytes; Indoleacetic Acids; Plant Growth Regulators; Plant Roots; Salt-Tolerant Plants; Sodium Chloride
PubMed: 27447799
DOI: 10.1007/s00284-016-1096-7 -
Marine Genomics Aug 2016Planococcus kocurii ATCC 43650(T) is a halotolerant and psychrotolerant bacterium isolated from the skin of a North sea cod. Here, we present the first complete genome...
Planococcus kocurii ATCC 43650(T) is a halotolerant and psychrotolerant bacterium isolated from the skin of a North sea cod. Here, we present the first complete genome and annotation of P. kocurii ATCC 43650(T), identifying its potential as a plant growth promoting bacterium and its capability in the biosynthesis of butanol.
Topics: Genome, Bacterial; Planococcus Bacteria; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 27117861
DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2016.04.007 -
Journal of Basic Microbiology Mar 2016The diversity of culturable, cold-active enzymes producing Bacilli was investigated from three sub-glacial lakes of north western Indian Himalayas. Amplified ribosomal...
The diversity of culturable, cold-active enzymes producing Bacilli was investigated from three sub-glacial lakes of north western Indian Himalayas. Amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) using three restriction enzymes Alu I, Msp I, and Hae III led to the clustering of 136 Bacilli into 26, 23, and 22 clusters at 75% similarity index from Chandratal Lake, Dashair Lake, and Pangong Lake, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing led to the identification of 35 Bacilli that could be grouped in seven families viz.: Bacillaceae (48%), Staphylococcaceae (14%), Bacillales incertae sedis (13%), Planococcaceae (12%), Paenibacillaceae (9%), Sporolactobacillaceae (3%), and Carnobacteriaceae (1%), which included twelve different genera Bacillus, Desemzia, Exiguobacterium, Jeotgalicoccus, Lysinibacillus, Paenibacillus, Planococcus, Pontibacillus, Sinobaca, Sporosarcina, Staphylococcus, and Virgibacillus. Based on their optimal temperature for growth, 35 Bacilli were grouped as psychrophilic (11 strains), psychrotrophic (17 strains), or psychrotolerant (7 strains), respectively. The representative isolates from each cluster were screened for cold-active enzyme activities. Amylase, β-glucosidase, pectinase, and protease activities at 4 °C were detected in more than 80% of the strains while approximately 40, 31, 23, 14, 11, and 9% of strains possessed cellulase, xylanase, β-galactosidase, laccase, chitinase, and lipase activity, respectively. Among 35 Bacilli, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus marisflavi, Exiguobacterium indicum, Paenibacillus terrae, Pontibacillus sp., Sporosarcina globispora, and Sporosarcina psychrophila were efficient producers of different cold-active enzymes. These cold-adapted Bacilli could play an important role in industrial and agricultural processes.
Topics: Bacillus; Bacteria; Biodiversity; Cold Temperature; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Ribosomal; Enzyme Activation; Enzyme Stability; Hydrolases; Hydrolysis; India; Lakes; Multigene Family; Phylogeny; Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Water Microbiology
PubMed: 26933936
DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201500230 -
Polish Journal of Microbiology 2016Naproxen is a one of the most popular non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) entering the environment as a result of high consumption. For this reason, there is...
Naproxen is a one of the most popular non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) entering the environment as a result of high consumption. For this reason, there is an emerging need to recognize mechanisms of its degradation and enzymes engaged in this process. Planococcus sp. S5 is a gram positive strain able to degrade naproxen in monosubstrate culture (27%). However, naproxen is not a sufficient growth substrate for this strain. In the presence of benzoate, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid or vanillic acid as growth substrates, the degradation of 21.5%, 71.71%, 14.75% and 8.16% of naproxen was observed respectively. It was shown that the activity of monooxygenase, hydroxyquinol 1,2-dioxygenase, protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase and protocatechuate 4,5-dioxyegnase in strain S5 was induced after growth of the strain with naproxen and 4-hydroxybenzoate. Moreover, in the presence of naproxen activity of gentisate 1,2-dioxygenase, enzyme engaged in 4-hydroxybenzoate metabolism, was completely inhibited. The obtained results suggest that monooxygenase and hydroxyquinol 1,2-dioxygenase are the main enzymes in naproxen degradation by Planococcus sp. S5.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Bacterial Proteins; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; Naproxen; Planococcus Bacteria; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 28517919
DOI: No ID Found -
Protein Expression and Purification Sep 2016Lactase deficiency problem discourages many adults from consuming milk as a major source of micro- and macronutrients. Enzymatic hydrolysis of lactose is an ideal...
Lactase deficiency problem discourages many adults from consuming milk as a major source of micro- and macronutrients. Enzymatic hydrolysis of lactose is an ideal solution for this problem but such processing adds significant costs. In this study, a cold active β-galactosidase from Planococcus sp-L4 (bgal) was optimized for expression of recombinant "BGalP" in Pichia pastoris. As a result of codon optimization, the codon adaptation index was improved from 0.58 to 0.85 after replacing rare codons. After transformation of two P. pastoris strains (KM71H and GS115), the activity of BGalP enzyme was measured in the culture supernatants using ortho-Nitrophenyl-β-galactoside (ONPG). Maximal activity was recorded as 3.7U/ml on day 11 in KM71H clone #2 which was 20% higher than the best GS115 clone. Activity measurements under different conditions indicated optimal activity at pH 6.5. It was active at temperatures ranging from 0 to 55°C with deactivation occurring at or above 60°C. Protein analysis of the crude ultra-filtrate showed the enzyme was ∼75kDa and was the major constituent (85%) of the sample. This enzyme have the potential to find utility for the breakdown of lactose in chilled milk and subsequently can be deactivated by pasteurization. The use of BGalP would minimize energy consumption thus decreasing cost and also help to preserve the nutritional elements of the milk.
Topics: Animals; Codon; Cold Temperature; Enzyme Activation; Gene Expression; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactose; Milk; Pichia; Planococcus Bacteria; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; Transformation, Genetic; beta-Galactosidase
PubMed: 26361980
DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2015.09.008 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Oct 2015Taxonomic studies were performed on a novel carotenoid-producing strain, designated AJ003T, isolated from faeces of Antarctic penguins. Cells of strain AJ003T were...
Taxonomic studies were performed on a novel carotenoid-producing strain, designated AJ003T, isolated from faeces of Antarctic penguins. Cells of strain AJ003T were aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, cocci-shaped and orange. Strain AJ003T was capable of growing in a broad temperature range, including sub-zero growth (below − 20 to 30 °C). 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain AJ003T was closely related to Planococcus halocryophilus Or1T (97.4 % similarity), Planococcus antarcticus DSM 14505T (97.3 %), Planococcus kocurii NCIMB 629T (97.3 %), and Planococcus donghaensis JH1T (97.1 %). The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, and iso-C16 : 0.MK-7 and MK-8 were the quinones identified, and the major pigment was glycosyl-4,4′-diaponeurosporen-4′-ol-4-oic acid. The major polar lipid was phosphatidylglycerol. DNA–DNA relatedness of strain AJ003T with respect to its closest phylogenetic neighbours was 38.2 ± 0.5 % for Planococcus halocryophilus DSM 24743T, 32.2 ± 0.2 % for Planococcus antarcticus DSM 14505T, 21.0 ± 0.3 % for Planococcus kocurii DSM 20747T and 18.6 ± 1.4 % for Planococcus donghaensis KCTC 13050T. The DNA G+C content of strain AJ003T was 40.0 ± 0.6 mol%. Based on the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain AJ003T is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Planococcus, for which the name Planococcus faecalis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is AJ003T ( = KCTC 33580T = CECT 8759T).
Topics: Animals; Antarctic Regions; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Carotenoids; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Feces; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phosphatidylglycerols; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; Planococcus Bacteria; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Spheniscidae; Vitamin K 2
PubMed: 26297353
DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.000423