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International Journal of Biological... Jun 2024The remarkable characteristics of porous biochar have generated significant interest in various fields, such as CO capture and supercapacitors. The modification of...
The remarkable characteristics of porous biochar have generated significant interest in various fields, such as CO capture and supercapacitors. The modification of aerogel-derived porous biochar through activation and heteroatomic doping can effectively enhance CO adsorption and improve supercapacitor performance. In this study, a novel N, B-co-doped porous biochar (NBCPB) was synthesized by carbonating and activating the N, B dual-doped cellulose aerogel. N and B atoms were doped in-situ using a modified alkali-urea method. The potassium citrate was served as both an activator and a salt template to facilitate the formation of a well-developed nanostructure. The optimized NBCPB-650-1 (where 650 corresponded to activation temperature and 1 represented mass ratio of potassium citrate activator to carbonized NBCPB-400 precursor) displayed the largest micropore volume of 0.40 cm·g and a high specific surface area of 891 m·g, which contributed to an excellent CO adsorption capacity of 4.19 mmol·g at 100 kPa and 25 °C, a high CO/N selectivity, and exceptional reusability (retained >97.5 % after 10 adsorption-desorption cycles). Additionally, the NBCPB-650-1 electrode also delivered a high capacitance of 220.9 F·g at 1 A·g. Notably, the symmetrical NBCPB-650-1 supercapacitor exhibited a high energy density of 9 Wh·kg at the power density of 100 W·kg. This study not only presents the potential application of NBCPB-650-1 material in CO capture and electrochemical energy storage, but also offers a new insight into easy-to-scale production of heteroatomic-modified porous biochar.
Topics: Carbon Dioxide; Charcoal; Porosity; Cellulose; Adsorption; Electric Capacitance; Nitrogen; Gels; Electrodes
PubMed: 38705332
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132078 -
Insects Apr 2024In this study, the changes in the conventional nutrient and mineral compositions as well as the metabolomics characteristics of the red palm weevil (RPW) Olivier...
Combined Analysis of Metabolomics and Biochemical Changes Reveals the Nutritional and Functional Characteristics of Red Palm Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Larvae at Different Developmental Stages.
In this study, the changes in the conventional nutrient and mineral compositions as well as the metabolomics characteristics of the red palm weevil (RPW) Olivier (Curculionidae: Coleoptera) larvae at early (EL), middle (ML) and old (OL) developmental stages were investigated. Results showed that the EL and ML had the highest content of protein (53.87 g/100 g dw) and fat (67.95 g/100 g), respectively, and three kinds of RPW larvae were all found to be rich in unsaturated fatty acids (52.17-53.12%), potassium (5707.12-15,865.04 mg/kg) and phosphorus (2123.87-7728.31 mg/kg). In addition, their protein contained 17 amino acids with the largest proportion of glutamate. A total of 424 metabolites mainly including lipids and lipid-like molecules, organic acids and their derivatives, organic heterocycle compounds, alkaloids and their derivatives, etc. were identified in the RPW larvae. There was a significant enrichment in the ABC transport, citrate cycle (TCA cycle), aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, and mTOR signaling pathways as the larvae grow according to the analysis results of the metabolic pathways of differential metabolites. The water extract of EL exhibited relatively higher hydroxyl, 2,2-diphenyl-1-pyrroline hydrochloride (DPPH) and 2,2'-azobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical-scavenging ability with the EC values of 1.12 mg/mL, 11.23 mg/mL, and 2.52 mg/mL, respectively. These results contribute to a better understanding of the compositional changes of the RPW larvae during its life cycle and provide a theoretical grounding for its deep processing and high-value utilization.
PubMed: 38667424
DOI: 10.3390/insects15040294 -
Clinical Drug Investigation May 2024Tegoprazan is a potassium-competitive acid blocker that inhibits gastric acid and which may be used for eradicating Helicobacter pylori. This study focuses on the...
Pharmacokinetic Interactions Between Tegoprazan and the Combination of Clarithromycin, Amoxicillin and Bismuth in Healthy Chinese Subjects: An Open-Label, Single-Center, Multiple-Dosage, Self-Controlled, Phase I Trial.
BACKGROUND
Tegoprazan is a potassium-competitive acid blocker that inhibits gastric acid and which may be used for eradicating Helicobacter pylori. This study focuses on the pharmacokinetic interaction and safety between tegoprazan and the combination of clarithromycin, amoxicillin and bismuth in healthy Chinese subjects.
METHODS
An open-label, three-period, single-center, multiple-dosage, single-sequence, phase I trial was conducted in 22 healthy subjects. In period 1, the subjects took tegoprazan 50 mg twice daily for 7 days, and in period 2 they were administered clarithromycin 500 mg, amoxicillin 1000 mg and bismuth potassium citrate 600 mg twice daily for 7 days (days 14-20). Tegoprazan, clarithromycin, amoxicillin and bismuth potassium citrate were then administered in combination for 7 days (days 21-27) in period 3. Blood samples were collected up to 12 h after the last dose of each period. Safety assessments were performed in each period.
RESULTS
The geometric mean ratios (GMRs) [90% confidence interval (CI)] of maximum plasma concentration at steady state (C) and area under the plasma concentration-time curve over the dosing interval (AUC) at steady state were 195.93% (175.52-218.71%) and 287.54% (263.28-314.04%) for tegoprazan and 423.23% (382.57-468.22%) and 385.61% (354.62-419.30%) for tegoprazan metabolite M1, respectively. The GMRs (90% CI) of C and AUC were 83.69% (77.44-90.45%) and 110.30% (102.74-118.41%) for clarithromycin, 126.25% (114.73-138.93%) and 146.94% (135.33-159.55%) for 14-hydroxyclarithromycin, 75.89% (69.73-82.60%) and 94.34% (87.94-101.20%) for amoxicillin, and 158.43% (125.43-200.11%) and 183.63% (156.42-215.58%) for bismuth, respectively. All reported adverse events were mild. The frequency of adverse events during the coadministration stage was not higher than that during the single- or triple-drug administration stages.
CONCLUSION
The plasma exposure of tegoprazan, M1, 14-hydroxyclarithromycin and bismuth was increased after the coadministration of tegoprazan, clarithromycin, amoxicillin and bismuth. The coadministration exhibited favorable safety and tolerability.
CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION
CTR20230643.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Young Adult; Amoxicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Area Under Curve; Bismuth; China; Clarithromycin; Drug Interactions; East Asian People; Healthy Volunteers; Proton Pump Inhibitors; Imidazoles; Benzene Derivatives
PubMed: 38615091
DOI: 10.1007/s40261-024-01359-x -
American Journal of Kidney Diseases :... Apr 2024Most previous studies of the relationship between urinary factors and kidney stone risk have either assumed a linear effect of urinary parameters on kidney stone risk or...
RATIONALE & OBJECTIVE
Most previous studies of the relationship between urinary factors and kidney stone risk have either assumed a linear effect of urinary parameters on kidney stone risk or implemented arbitrary thresholds suggesting biologically implausible "all-or-nothing" effects. In addition, little is known about the hierarchy of effects of urinary factors on kidney stone risk. This study evaluated the independent associations between urine chemistries and kidney stone formation and examined their magnitude and shape.
STUDY DESIGN
Prospective cohort study.
SETTING & PARTICIPANTS
We analyzed 9,045 24-hour urine collections from 6,217 participants of the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study and Nurses' Health Studies I and II.
EXPOSURE
Urine volume and pH, and concentrations of calcium, citrate, oxalate, potassium, magnesium, uric acid, phosphorus, and sodium.
OUTCOME
Incident symptomatic kidney stones.
ANALYTICAL APPROACH
Multivariable logistic regression analysis incorporating restricted cubic splines to explore potentially nonlinear relationships between urinary factors and the risk of forming a kidney stone. Optimal inflection point analysis was implemented for each factor, and dominance analysis was performed to establish the relative importance of each urinary factor.
RESULTS
Each urinary factor was significantly associated with stone formation except for urine pH. Higher urinary levels of calcium, oxalate, phosphorus, and sodium were associated with a higher risk of stone formation whereas higher urine volume, uric acid, citrate, potassium, and magnesium were associated with a lower risk. The relationships were substantially linear for urine calcium, uric acid, and sodium. By contrast, the magnitudes of the relationships were modestly attenuated at levels above the inflection points for urine oxalate, citrate, volume, phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium. Dominance analysis identified 3 categories of factors' relative importance: higher (calcium, volume, and citrate), intermediate (oxalate, potassium, and magnesium), and lower (uric acid, phosphorus, and sodium).
LIMITATIONS
Predominantly White participants, lack of information on stone composition.
CONCLUSIONS
Urine chemistries have complex relationships and differential relative associations with the risk of kidney stone formation.
PLAIN-LANGUAGE SUMMARY
Kidney stones are common and likely to recur. Certain urinary factors play a role in the development of stones, but their independent roles, relative importance, and shapes of association with stone formation are not well-characterized. We analyzed 24-hour urine collections from individuals with and without kidney stones. Stones were less likely in those with higher urine volume, citrate, potassium, magnesium, and uric acid and were more likely in those with higher calcium, oxalate, phosphorus, and sodium. The acidity of the urine was not related to stones. The urinary parameters showed different degrees of relative importance, with calcium, volume, and citrate being greatest. All parameters exhibited a linear or close-to-linear shape of association with stone formation.
PubMed: 38583757
DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2024.02.010 -
Clinical and Translational... Apr 2024Tegoprazan (TPZ), a potassium-competitive acid blocker, exerts a strong acid-suppression effect and a rapid onset of action. However, research on TPZ-amoxicillin (TA)...
INTRODUCTION
Tegoprazan (TPZ), a potassium-competitive acid blocker, exerts a strong acid-suppression effect and a rapid onset of action. However, research on TPZ-amoxicillin (TA) dual treatment is limited. Here, we compared the safety and efficacy of TPZ-amoxicillin dual treatment and TPZ, bismuth potassium citrate, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin (TBAC) quadruple therapy in patients newly diagnosed with H. pylori infection over a 14-day treatment period.
METHODS
A total of 236 patients newly diagnosed with H. pylori were enrolled in this multi-center, prospective, open-label, and randomized controlled study. Patients randomly received either TA dual or TBAC quadruple therapy. The incidence of adverse reactions and treatment compliance were recorded and then analyzed.
RESULTS
The intention-to-treat analysis revealed that H. pylori-eradication rates were 83.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] 78.2%-91.3%) and 81.4% (95% CI 74.2%-88.5%) for the TA and TBAC groups, respectively, with no statistically significant difference between them (P = 0.606). The per-protocol analysis revealed that the H. pylori-eradication rates were 88.3% and 84.8% for the TA and TBAC groups, respectively (P = 0.447). The incidence of adverse reactions was significantly lower in the TA group than in the TBAC group (4.2% vs. 15.3%, P = 0.004). Moreover, the TA group demonstrated substantially higher treatment compliance than the TBAC group (94.1% vs. 89.0%, P = 0.020).
CONCLUSION
The TA dual therapy successfully eradicated H. pylori with a high eradication rate and a low incidence of adverse reactions. Therefore, this treatment is recommended as an alternative course for patients newly diagnosed with H. pylori infection.
PubMed: 38557975
DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000699 -
Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta.... Jun 2024Unilateral nephrectomy, a procedure reducing kidney mass, triggers a compensatory response in the remaining kidney, increasing its size and function to maintain a normal...
Unilateral nephrectomy, a procedure reducing kidney mass, triggers a compensatory response in the remaining kidney, increasing its size and function to maintain a normal glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Recent research has highlighted the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in renal physiology and disease, although their involvement in unilateral nephrectomy has been underexplored. In this study, unilateral nephrectomy was performed on young mice, and urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) characterization and cargo were analyzed. Kidney volume increased significantly post-nephrectomy, demonstrating compensatory hypertrophy. Serum creatinine, cystatin C, and urinary electrolytes concentrations were similar in both nephrectomized and control groups. Western blot analysis revealed upregulation of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) and sodium chloride cotransporter (NCC), and downregulation of sodium‑potassium-chloride co-transporter (NKCC2) and epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) in the nephrectomized group. Metabolomic analysis of uEVs showed an enrichment of certain metabolites, including citrate and stachydrine. Interestingly, uEVs from the nephrectomized group demonstrated a protective effect, downregulating signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) in renal proximal cells, compared to uEVs from the control group. This study suggests that uEVs contain bioactive components capable of inducing protective, anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrinolytic, and antioxidative effects in renal cells. These findings contribute to our understanding of uEVs' role in renal compensatory mechanisms after unilateral nephrectomy and may hold promise for future therapeutic interventions in renal diseases.
Topics: Animals; Extracellular Vesicles; Mice; Nephrectomy; Kidney; Hypertrophy; Male; Metabolomics; Mice, Inbred C57BL; STAT3 Transcription Factor; Reactive Oxygen Species
PubMed: 38499276
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167096 -
Medicine Mar 2024Vonoprazan, a novel acid suppressant and the first potassium-competitive acid blocker, has the potential to enhance the eradication rate of Helicobacter pylori due to...
Comparison of vonoprazan-based dual therapy with vonoprazan-based bismuth quadruple therapy for treatment-naive patients with Helicobacter pylori infection: A propensity score matching analysis.
Vonoprazan, a novel acid suppressant and the first potassium-competitive acid blocker, has the potential to enhance the eradication rate of Helicobacter pylori due to its robust acid-suppressing capacity. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of vonoprazan-based dual therapy (vonoprazan-amoxicillin, VA) with vonoprazan-based bismuth quadruple therapy (VBQT) as a first-line treatment for H pylori infection. This retrospective single-center non-inferiority study was conducted in China. Treatment-naive H pylori-positive patients aged 18 to 80 received one of the 2 treatment regimens at our center. The VA group received vonoprazan 20 mg twice daily and amoxicillin 1000 mg 3 times daily for 14 days, whereas the VBQT group received vonoprazan 20 mg, amoxicillin 1000 mg, clarithromycin 500 mg, and bismuth potassium citrate 220 mg twice daily for 14 days. The eradication rate was evaluated 4 to 6 weeks after treatment using the carbon-13/14 urea breath test. Propensity score matching was used to analyze eradication rates, adverse events (AEs), and patient compliance between the 2 groups. Initially, 501 patients were included, and after propensity score analysis, 156 patients were selected for the study. Intention-to-treat analysis showed eradication rates of 87.2% (95% CI, 79.8-94.6%) for the VA group and 79.5% (95% CI, 70.5-88.4%) for the VBQT group (P = .195). Per-protocol analysis demonstrated rates of 94.4% (95% CI, 89.2-99.7%) for the VA group and 96.8% (95% CI, 92.4-100%) for the VBQT group (P = .507). Non-inferiority was confirmed between the 2 groups, with P values < .025. The VA group showed a lower rate of AEs (10.3% vs 17.9%, P = .250) compared to the VBQT group. There were no significant differences in patient compliance between the 2 groups. In treatment-naive patients with H pylori infection, both the 14-day VA and VBQT regimens demonstrated comparable efficacy, with excellent eradication rates. Moreover, due to reduced antibiotic usage, lower rate of AEs, and lower costs, VA dual therapy should be prioritized.
Topics: Humans; Helicobacter Infections; Bismuth; Helicobacter pylori; Retrospective Studies; Propensity Score; Proton Pump Inhibitors; Drug Therapy, Combination; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Amoxicillin; Clarithromycin; Treatment Outcome; Pyrroles; Sulfonamides
PubMed: 38457567
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000037476 -
Drugs in R&D Mar 2024Potassium bismuth citrate is a gastric mucosal protector and a key drug for treating peptic ulcers.
BACKGROUND
Potassium bismuth citrate is a gastric mucosal protector and a key drug for treating peptic ulcers.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the pharmacokinetic characteristics and safety of 120-mg bismuth potassium citrate formulations administered orally under fasting conditions in healthy Chinese subjects.
METHOD
A single-center open two-cycle trial was conducted on 12 healthy subjects who received a single oral dose of 120 mg of bismuth potassium citrate. The plasma concentration of bismuth was determined using a validated inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‒MS) method. The pharmacokinetic parameters, including maximum serum concentration (C) and area under the curve concentration-time curve (AUC and AUC), and safety were evaluated via noncompartment analysis.
RESULTS
The ratios of the least square geometric mean ratio between the test (T) and reference (R) formulations for C, AUC, and AUC were 44.8%, 55.5%, and 64.4%, respectively; the bilateral 95% confidence intervals (Cis) for these parameters were 20.2-99.6%, 24.1-127.5%, and 23.7-175.0%, respectively, and the non-inferior limits for these parameters were 169.4%, 198.8%, and 200.5%, respectively. The upper limits of the one-sided 97.5% confidence interval for the least squares geometric mean ratio (T/R) were lower than the non-inferior limits. No serious adverse reactions or adverse reactions leading to detachment were observed among the subjects.
CONCLUSION
The concentration of bismuth in the blood of healthy subjects in the T formulation was not greater than that in the R formulation. Similarly, the safety of oral administration of 120 mg of bismuth potassium citrate formulations to healthy subjects was good. The trial registration number (TRN) was [2018] 013, 6 December 2018.
PubMed: 38345697
DOI: 10.1007/s40268-024-00455-9 -
Heliyon Feb 2024A denitrifying bacteria, which we named DNB-15, was screened and isolated from the Shengli Oilfield polymer-containing wastewater. The strain was characterized by 16S...
A denitrifying bacteria, which we named DNB-15, was screened and isolated from the Shengli Oilfield polymer-containing wastewater. The strain was characterized by 16S rDNA analysis and the effects of nutrient substrate type, pH, mineralization and temperature on the activity of the strain were also investigated. The strain was identified as , of which the most efficient carbon source is sodium citrate, the most suitable nitrogen source is potassium nitrate, the suitable temperature for growth is 35~45 °C, the suitable pH range for growth is 7.0~9.0, and the maximal tolerable mineralization is 4 × 10 mg/L. The desulfurization experiment showed that DNB-15 has desulfurization ability to some extent. When the initial sulfide concentration is lower than 50 mg/L, DNB-15 grows rapidly, and the sulfides are removed quickly within 24 h, displaying a sulfur removal rate higher than 99 %; When the initial sulfide concentration is higher than 150 mg/L, the growth of DNB-15 is severely restricted, the desulfurization effect is not obvious, and the desulfurization rate is almost stagnant.
PubMed: 38333781
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25135 -
Journal of Digestive Diseases Jan 2024We aimed to explore the efficacy and safety of tailored therapy guided by genotypic resistance in the first-line treatment of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection...
Tailored therapy guided by genotypic resistance of clarithromycin and levofloxacin detected by polymerase chain reaction in the first-line treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection.
OBJECTIVES
We aimed to explore the efficacy and safety of tailored therapy guided by genotypic resistance in the first-line treatment of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in treatment-naive patients.
METHODS
Gastric mucosal specimens were taken during gastroscopy, and main mutations of clarithromycin- and levofloxacin-resistant genes were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Sensitive antibiotics were selected individually for treating H. pylori infection with tailored bismuth-containing quadruple therapy (BQT) consisting of esomeprazole 20 mg twice daily, bismuth potassium citrate 220 mg twice daily, amoxicillin 1 g twice daily, and clarithromycin 500 mg twice daily, or levofloxacin 500 mg once daily, or metronidazole 400 mg four times daily. Safety and patient compliance were assessed 1-3 days after eradication. Treatment outcome was evaluated by urea breath test 4-8 weeks after eradication.
RESULTS
One hundred and thirty-two treatment-naive patients with H. pylori infection were included. PCR results suggested resistance rates of 47.7% and 34.9% for clarithromycin and levofloxacin, respectively, and a dual resistance rate of 18.2%. Eradication rates of tailored BQT were 87.1% and 95.8% by intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis and per-protocol (PP) analysis, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the efficacy of 7-day clarithromycin-containing, 7-day levofloxacin-containing, and 14-day full-dose metronidazole-containing BQT (ITT analysis: P = 0.488; PP analysis: P = 0.833). The incidence of adverse events was 19.7%, and patient compliance was 97.7%.
CONCLUSION
Tailored BQT guided by genotypic resistance can achieve satisfactory efficacy, safety, and patient compliance in the first-line treatment of H. pylori infection.
Topics: Humans; Helicobacter Infections; Clarithromycin; Levofloxacin; Helicobacter pylori; Bismuth; Metronidazole; Drug Therapy, Combination; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Amoxicillin; Treatment Outcome; Polymerase Chain Reaction
PubMed: 38323705
DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.13250