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Journal of Water and Health Jun 2024Ferrate (Fe(VI): HFeO /FeO), a potent oxidant, has been investigated as an alternative chemical disinfectant in water treatment due to its reduced production of...
Ferrate (Fe(VI): HFeO /FeO), a potent oxidant, has been investigated as an alternative chemical disinfectant in water treatment due to its reduced production of disinfection by-products. In this study, we assessed the disinfecting ability of potassium ferrate against a variety of microorganisms, including waterborne pathogens, under varying pH and water temperature conditions. We presented CT values, a metric of ferrate concentrations (C) and contact time (T), to quantify microbial inactivation rates. Among the tested microorganisms, human adenovirus was the least resistant to ferrate, followed by waterborne bacteria such as and , and finally, the protozoan parasite . We further investigated the impact of two pH values (7 and 8) and two temperatures (5 and 25 °C) on microbial inactivation rates, observing that inactivation rates increased with lower pH and higher temperature. In addition to showcasing ferrate's capacity to effectively inactivate a range of the tested microorganisms, we offer a ferrate CT table to facilitate the comparison of the effectiveness of various disinfection methods.
Topics: Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Temperature; Disinfectants; Giardia lamblia; Adenoviruses, Human; Potassium Compounds; Water Microbiology; Disinfection; Water Purification; Iron Compounds; Humans; Escherichia coli
PubMed: 38935460
DOI: 10.2166/wh.2024.087 -
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024Enhancing root development is pivotal for boosting crop yield and augmenting stress resilience. In this study, we explored the regulatory effects of xylooligosaccharides...
Enhancing root development is pivotal for boosting crop yield and augmenting stress resilience. In this study, we explored the regulatory effects of xylooligosaccharides (XOSs) on lettuce root growth, comparing their impact with that of indole-3-butyric acid potassium salt (IBAP). Treatment with XOS led to a substantial increase in root dry weight (30.77%), total root length (29.40%), volume (21.58%), and surface area (25.44%) compared to the water-treated control. These enhancements were on par with those induced by IBAP. Comprehensive phytohormone profiling disclosed marked increases in indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), zeatin riboside (ZR), methyl jasmonate (JA-ME), and brassinosteroids (BRs) following XOS application. Through RNA sequencing, we identified 3807 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the roots of XOS-treated plants, which were significantly enriched in pathways associated with manganese ion homeostasis, microtubule motor activity, and carbohydrate metabolism. Intriguingly, approximately 62.7% of the DEGs responsive to XOS also responded to IBAP, underscoring common regulatory mechanisms. However, XOS uniquely influenced genes related to cutin, suberine, and wax biosynthesis, as well as plant hormone signal transduction, hinting at novel mechanisms of stress tolerance. Prominent up-regulation of genes encoding beta-glucosidase and beta-fructofuranosidase highlights enhanced carbohydrate metabolism as a key driver of XOS-induced root enhancement. Collectively, these results position XOS as a promising, sustainable option for agricultural biostimulation.
PubMed: 38931130
DOI: 10.3390/plants13121699 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024In this work, we synthesized and confirmed the structure of several alkaloid N-oxides using mass spectrometry and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. We also...
In this work, we synthesized and confirmed the structure of several alkaloid N-oxides using mass spectrometry and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. We also investigated their reduction mechanisms using voltammetry. For the first time, we obtained alkaloid N-oxides using an oxidation reaction with potassium peroxymonosulfate as an oxidant. The structure was established based on the obtained fragmentation mass spectra recorded by LC-Q-ToF-MS. In the FT-IR spectra of the alkaloid N-oxides, characteristic signals of N-O group vibrations were recorded (bands in the range of 928 cm⁻ to 971 cm⁻), confirming the presence of this functional group. Electrochemical reduction studies demonstrated the reduction of alkaloid N-oxides at mercury-based electrodes back to the original form of the alkaloid. For the first time, the products of the electrochemical reduction of alkaloid N-oxides were detected by mass spectrometry. The findings provide insights into the structural characteristics and reduction behaviors of alkaloid N-oxides, offering implications for pharmacological and biochemical applications. This research contributes to a better understanding of alkaloid metabolism and degradation processes, with potential implications for drug development and environmental science.
Topics: Alkaloids; Oxides; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Oxidation-Reduction; Electrochemical Techniques; Molecular Structure; Mass Spectrometry; Electrodes
PubMed: 38930787
DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122721 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024The instability of calcium tartrate (CaT) in wines occurs when the effective concentration of ions surpasses the solubility product, leading to the formation of CaT...
The instability of calcium tartrate (CaT) in wines occurs when the effective concentration of ions surpasses the solubility product, leading to the formation of CaT crystals. Unlike potassium hydrogen tartrate (KHT), temperature has little effect on the rate of CaT precipitation, making cold stabilization ineffective. Additives like metatartaric acid and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) have been used to mitigate this problem, but metatartaric acid's effectiveness is limited due to hydrolysis. Additionally, potassium polyaspartate (KPA), commonly used as a KHT stabilizer, has been reported to reduce wine stability regarding CaT instability. Therefore, exploring alternative stabilization methods is crucial. Alginic acid, permitted as a processing aid in winemaking, can be an alternative to CMC and metatartaric acid due to its strong negative charge and ability to bind calcium ions. This study aimed to assess alginic acid's efficacy as a CaT stabilizer compared to CMC and investigate the impact of KPA on CaT instability. The results showed that KPA did not increase CaT instability and even improved its stability in some wines. Alginic acid outperformed both CMC and KPA in mitigating CaT instability, possibly due to its higher zeta potential and calcium ion complexation ability. This study is the first to investigate the use of alginic acid for CaT stability in wine.
PubMed: 38928821
DOI: 10.3390/foods13121880 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2024The peripheral nervous system can encounter alterations due to exposure to some of the most commonly used anticancer drugs (platinum drugs, taxanes, vinca alkaloids,... (Review)
Review
The peripheral nervous system can encounter alterations due to exposure to some of the most commonly used anticancer drugs (platinum drugs, taxanes, vinca alkaloids, proteasome inhibitors, thalidomide), the so-called chemotherapy-induced peripheral neurotoxicity (CIPN). CIPN can be long-lasting or even permanent, and it is detrimental for the quality of life of cancer survivors, being associated with persistent disturbances such as sensory loss and neuropathic pain at limb extremities due to a mostly sensory axonal polyneuropathy/neuronopathy. In the state of the art, there is no efficacious preventive/curative treatment for this condition. Among the reasons for this unmet clinical and scientific need, there is an uncomplete knowledge of the pathogenetic mechanisms. Ion channels and transporters are pivotal elements in both the central and peripheral nervous system, and there is a growing body of literature suggesting that they might play a role in CIPN development. In this review, we first describe the biophysical properties of these targets and then report existing data for the involvement of ion channels and transporters in CIPN, thus paving the way for new approaches/druggable targets to cure and/or prevent CIPN.
Topics: Humans; Antineoplastic Agents; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases; Ion Channels; Animals; Neurotoxicity Syndromes; Membrane Transport Proteins; Neoplasms
PubMed: 38928257
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126552 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2024In different areas of the heart, action potential waveforms differ due to differences in the expressions of sodium, calcium, and potassium channels. One of the... (Review)
Review
In different areas of the heart, action potential waveforms differ due to differences in the expressions of sodium, calcium, and potassium channels. One of the characteristics of myocardial infarction (MI) is an imbalance in oxygen supply and demand, leading to ion imbalance. After MI, the regulation and expression levels of K, Ca, and Na ion channels in cardiomyocytes are altered, which affects the regularity of cardiac rhythm and leads to myocardial injury. Myocardial fibroblasts are the main effector cells in the process of MI repair. The ion channels of myocardial fibroblasts play an important role in the process of MI. At the same time, a large number of ion channels are expressed in immune cells, which play an important role by regulating the in- and outflow of ions to complete intracellular signal transduction. Ion channels are widely distributed in a variety of cells and are attractive targets for drug development. This article reviews the changes in different ion channels after MI and the therapeutic drugs for these channels. We analyze the complex molecular mechanisms behind myocardial ion channel regulation and the challenges in ion channel drug therapy.
Topics: Myocardial Infarction; Humans; Ion Channels; Animals; Myocytes, Cardiac; Myocardium; Signal Transduction; Fibroblasts
PubMed: 38928173
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126467 -
BMC Plant Biology Jun 2024Early season carrot (Daucus carota) production is being practiced in Punjab, Pakistan to meet the market demand but high temperature hampers the seed germination and...
Early season carrot (Daucus carota) production is being practiced in Punjab, Pakistan to meet the market demand but high temperature hampers the seed germination and seedling establishment which cause marked yield reduction. Seed priming with potassium nitrate breaks the seed dormancy and improves the seed germination and seedling growth potential but effects vary among the species and ecological conditions. The mechanism of KNO priming in high temperature stress tolerance is poorly understood yet. Thus, present study aimed to evaluate high temperature stress tolerance potential of carrot seeds primed with potassium nitrate and impacts on growth, physiological, and antioxidant defense systems. Carrot seeds of a local cultivar (T-29) were primed with various concentration of KNO (T: unprimed (negative control), T: hydroprimed (positive control), T: 50 mM, T:100mM, T: 150 mM, T: 200 mM, T: 250 mM and T: 300 mM) for 12 h each in darkness at 20 ± 2℃. Seed priming with 50 mM of KNO significantly enhanced the seed germination (36%), seedling growth (28%) with maximum seedling vigor (55%) and also exhibited 16.75% more carrot root biomass under high temperature stress as compared to respective control. Moreover, enzymatic activities including peroxidase, catalase, superoxidase dismutase, total phenolic contents, total antioxidants contents and physiological responses of plants were also improved in response to seed priming under high temperature stress. By increasing the level of KNO, seed germination, growth and root biomass were reduced. These findings suggest that seed priming with 50 mM of KNO can be an effective strategy to improve germination, growth and yield of carrot cultivar (T-29) under high temperature stress in early cropping. This study also proposes that KNO may induces the stress memory by heritable modulations in chromosomal structure and methylation and acetylation of histones that may upregulate the hormonal and antioxidant activities to enhance the stress tolerance in plants.
Topics: Antioxidants; Seedlings; Nitrates; Seeds; Daucus carota; Potassium Compounds; Germination; Hot Temperature
PubMed: 38926658
DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05292-1 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2024A facile and environmentally friendly ion exchange-assisted surface passivation (IASP) strategy is presented for synthesizing red emitting Mn-activated fluoride...
A facile and environmentally friendly ion exchange-assisted surface passivation (IASP) strategy is presented for synthesizing red emitting Mn-activated fluoride phosphors. A substantial, pristine Mn-free shell layer, applied as a coating to Mn doped potassium fluorosilicate KSiF:Mn (KSFM) phosphors, enhances both water resistance and luminescence efficiency. The stability test of fluoride in water at ambient temperature and boiling water demonstrates that IASP-treated KSFM phosphors are highly water resistant. Furthermore, both the negative thermal temperature (NTQ) fitting results and the photoluminescence (PL) decay confirm that the IASP process effectively passivates surface defects, leading to enhanced luminescence performance. The maximum internal quantum yield (QY) of the IASP-KSFM phosphor is 94.24%. A white LED realized a high color rendering index (CRI) of 93.09 and luminous efficiency (LE) of 149.48 lm/W. This work presented a novel technique for the development of stable fluoride phosphors and has the potential to increase the use of KSFM phosphors in plant supplementary lighting systems and white light-emitting diodes.
PubMed: 38926501
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65169-z -
Advanced Science (Weinheim,... Jun 2024Covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) are promising battery electrodes owing to their designable functional groups, tunable pore sizes, and exceptional stability. However,...
Covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) are promising battery electrodes owing to their designable functional groups, tunable pore sizes, and exceptional stability. However, their practical use is limited because of the difficulty in establishing stable ion adsorption/desorption sites. In this study, a melt-salt-stripping process utilizing molten trichloro iron (FeCl) is used to delaminate the layer-stacked structure of fluorinated covalent triazine framework (FCTF) and generate iron-based ion storage active sites. This process increases the interlayer spacing and uniformly deposits iron-containing materials, enhancing electron and ion transport. The resultant melt-FeCl-stripped FCTF (Fe@FCTF) shows excellent performance as a potassium ion battery with a high capacity of 447 mAh g at 0.1 A g and 257 mAh g at 1.6 A g and good cycling stability. Notably, molten-salt stripping is also effective in improving the CTF's Na and Li storage properties. A stepwise reaction mechanism of K/Na/Li chelation with C═N functional groups is proposed and verified by in situ X-ray diffraction testing (XRD), ex-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and theoretical calculations, illustrating that pyrazines and iron coordination groups play the main roles in reacting with K/Na/Li cations. These results conclude that the Fe@FCTF is a suitable anode material for potassium-ion batteries (PIBs), sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), and lithium-ion batteries (LIBs).
PubMed: 38924654
DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401804 -
Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods Jun 2024Urolithiasis is one of the most prevalent benign urological disorders globally with a high incidence rate. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were chemically induced to have...
Urolithiasis is one of the most prevalent benign urological disorders globally with a high incidence rate. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were chemically induced to have urolithiasis and treated with triptonide and the standard antiurolithic drug cystone. Kidney weight was measured to detect calculi formation, and urinary parameters such as pH, 24-h urine volume, and protein content were measured to analyze the urolithiasis induction in rats. The inorganic ions, organic solutes, antioxidant levels, and inflammatory cytokines were measured in the experimental rats. Triptonide treatment significantly modulated the urinary pH, decreased the protein concentration, and increased the urinary outflow in urolithiasis induced rats. It also significantly decreased the urinary excretion of calcium and phosphorous and increased the excretion of magnesium, potassium, sodium, creatinine, and uric acid. SOD, CAT, and GPx levels were increased in triptonide-treated rats, and it significantly reduced the MDA levels. Triptonide treatment also decreased the levels of inflammatory cytokines and prevented the renal tissue from inflammation. To conclude, our results prove that triptonide significantly prevents calculi formation and protects renal tissue from urolithiasis-induced damage in rats. Further studies may prove triptonide a potent alternative to currently available antiurolithic drugs.
PubMed: 38922301
DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2024.2364882