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Journal of Investigative and Clinical... Nov 2019To investigate the relationship between the microbiota of periodontal pockets (PP) and root canals (RC) in dogs submitted to experimental periodontal disease (ExPD).
AIM
To investigate the relationship between the microbiota of periodontal pockets (PP) and root canals (RC) in dogs submitted to experimental periodontal disease (ExPD).
METHODS
ExPD was induced by combining cotton and wire ligatures. After 125 days, microbiological samples were collected from PP and RC. Strains isolated from 19 teeth were submitted to DNA extraction, 16S rRNA gene amplification and gene sequencing. Pearson's χ - and Fisher's exact tests and McNemar's test were used when appropriate.
RESULTS
The number of species in PP was greater than in RC, with prevalence of obligate anaerobes and Gram-negative bacteria. In the PP predominated Fusobacterium necrophorum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella loescheii, Campylobacter gracilis and Veillonella parvula. In the RC samples, 9 had microbial growth, with predominance of the following genera: Staphylococcus, Streptococcus and Neisseria. Eight genera were common to both sites in the same tooth. PP presented a greater number of species than the RC. No significant difference was observed in the species found in PP and RC in the same tooth.
CONCLUSION
Microbial composition of the RC could be modulated by the presence of periodontal disease, especially in cases of severe periodontal destruction. RC microbiota was less complex and diverse than the PP.
Topics: Animals; Dental Pulp Cavity; Dogs; Microbiota; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontal Pocket; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 31313892
DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12439 -
Current Microbiology Sep 2019A novel Gram-negative, obligately anaerobic, non-motile, non-spore forming, and rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain JS262, was isolated from human subgingival plaque...
A novel Gram-negative, obligately anaerobic, non-motile, non-spore forming, and rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain JS262, was isolated from human subgingival plaque of periodontitis lesion and was characterized by polyphasic taxonomic analysis. Comparison of 16S ribosomal RNA gene (16S rDNA) sequence revealed that the strain belonged to the genus Prevotella. The percent similarity of 16S rDNA of strain JS262 was closest to those of Prevotella buccae ATCC 33574 (89.1%) and Prevotella shahii JCM 12083 (88.9%). The major fatty acids of strain JS262 were C (29.2%), iso-C (19.2%), and anteiso-C (16.9%). Complete genome of strain JS262 was 2,691,540 bp in length and the G+C content was 43.9 mol%. Average nucleotide identity and genome-to-genome distance values between strain JS262 and P. buccae ATCC 33574 or P. loescheii DSM 19665 were > 70.4% and > 30.1%, respectively. On the basis of these data, a novel Prevotella species is proposed: Prevotella koreensis sp. nov. The type strain of P. koreensis is JS262 (= KCOM 3155 = JCM 33298).
Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Dental Plaque; Fatty Acids; Female; Genome, Bacterial; Humans; Middle Aged; Periodontitis; Phylogeny; Prevotella
PubMed: 31214821
DOI: 10.1007/s00284-019-01720-w -
Food Research International (Ottawa,... Jul 2019The effect of Lactobacillus plantarum-fermentation on the anti-diabetic functionality of Momordica charantia was examined using a high-fat-diet and low-dose...
The effect of Lactobacillus plantarum-fermentation on the anti-diabetic functionality of Momordica charantia was examined using a high-fat-diet and low-dose streptozocin-induced type 2 diabetic rat model. Fermented Momordica charantia juice (FMCJ) administration mitigated the hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, hyperlipidemia, and oxidative stress in diabetic rats more favorably than the non-fermented counterpart. Treatments with FMCJ improved ergosterols and lysomonomethyl-phosphatidylethanolamines metabolisms more effectively. Supplement of FMCJ regulated the composition of the gut microbiota, such as increased the abundance of Bacteroides caecigallinarum, Oscillibacter ruminantium, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Prevotella loescheii, Prevotella oralis, and Prevotella melaninogenica, in diabetic rats compared with untreated diabetic rats. Moreover, FMCJ-treated diabetic rats exhibited higher concentrations of acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, total short-chain fatty acids and lower pH values in colonic contents than that in non-fermented juice-treated rats. These results demonstrated that Lactobacillus plantarum-fermentation enhanced the anti-diabetic property of MC juice by favoring the regulation of gut microbiota and the production of SCFAs.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Fermented Foods; Fruit and Vegetable Juices; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Hyperglycemia; Lactobacillus plantarum; Lipids; Male; Momordica charantia; Plant Preparations; Rats; Rats, Wistar
PubMed: 31108759
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.03.055 -
Carbohydrate Polymers Dec 2018The influence of Lactobacillus plantarum-fermentation on the structure and anti-diabetic effects of Momordica charantia polysaccharides were evaluated. High-fat diet and...
The influence of Lactobacillus plantarum-fermentation on the structure and anti-diabetic effects of Momordica charantia polysaccharides were evaluated. High-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic rats were administrated with polysaccharides from fermented and non-fermented Momordica charantia (FP and NFP) for 4 weeks. Fermentation affected the physicochemical characterization, monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, and viscosity of Momordica charantia polysaccharides. Treatment with FP significantly ameliorated hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, hyperlipidemia, and oxidative stress in diabetic rats compared with NFP. Moreover, the diversity and abundance of gut microbiota (Lactococcus laudensis and Prevotella loescheii) in diabetic rats were notably increased by treatment with FP in comparison to NFP. Meanwhile, FP-treated diabetic rats exhibited more colonic short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and lower pH values than that in NFP-treated rats. Overall, Lactobacillus plantarum-fermentation could enhance the anti-diabetes effects of Momordica charantia polysaccharides in rats by modifying the structure of polysaccharides to optimize gut microbiota and heighten the production of SCFAs.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hypoglycemic Agents; Lactobacillus plantarum; Male; Momordica charantia; Polysaccharides; Rats; Rats, Wistar
PubMed: 30241862
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.08.075 -
Omics : a Journal of Integrative Biology Mar 2018Microbial culturomics is a new subfield of postgenomic medicine and omics biotechnology application that has broadened our awareness on bacterial diversity of the human...
Microbial Culturomics Broadens Human Vaginal Flora Diversity: Genome Sequence and Description of Prevotella lascolaii sp. nov. Isolated from a Patient with Bacterial Vaginosis.
Microbial culturomics is a new subfield of postgenomic medicine and omics biotechnology application that has broadened our awareness on bacterial diversity of the human microbiome, including the human vaginal flora bacterial diversity. Using culturomics, a new obligate anaerobic Gram-stain-negative rod-shaped bacterium designated strain khD1 was isolated in the vagina of a patient with bacterial vaginosis and characterized using taxonogenomics. The most abundant cellular fatty acids were C anteiso (36%), C (19%), and C iso (10%). Based on an analysis of the full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences, phylogenetic analysis showed that the strain khD1 exhibited 90% sequence similarity with Prevotella loescheii, the phylogenetically closest validated Prevotella species. With 3,763,057 bp length, the genome of strain khD1 contained (mol%) 48.7 G + C and 3248 predicted genes, including 3194 protein-coding and 54 RNA genes. Given the phenotypical and biochemical characteristic results as well as genome sequencing, strain khD1 is considered to represent a novel species within the genus Prevotella, for which the name Prevotella lascolaii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is khD1 ( = CSUR P0109, = DSM 101754). These results show that microbial culturomics greatly improves the characterization of the human microbiome repertoire by isolating potential putative new species. Further studies will certainly clarify the microbial mechanisms of pathogenesis of these new microbes and their role in health and disease. Microbial culturomics is an important new addition to the diagnostic medicine toolbox and warrants attention in future medical, global health, and integrative biology postgraduate teaching curricula.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteroidaceae Infections; Biodiversity; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Female; Genome, Bacterial; Genomics; Humans; Phenotype; Phylogeny; Prevotella; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Vagina; Vaginosis, Bacterial
PubMed: 29447068
DOI: 10.1089/omi.2017.0151 -
Veterinary Microbiology May 2017Periodontitis is a polymicrobial infectious disease that causes occlusion change, tooth loss, difficulty in rumination, and premature culling of animals. This study...
Periodontitis is a polymicrobial infectious disease that causes occlusion change, tooth loss, difficulty in rumination, and premature culling of animals. This study aimed to detect species of the genera Porphyromonas and Prevotella present in the periodontal pocket of sheep with lesions deeper than 5mm (n=14) and in the gingival sulcus of animals considered periodontally healthy (n=20). The presence of microorganisms was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primers for Porphyromonas asaccharolytica, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Porphyromonas gulae, Prevotella buccae, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella loescheii, Prevotella melaninogenica, Prevotella nigrescens, Prevotella oralis, and Prevotella tannerae. Prevalence and risk analysis were performed using Student's t-test and Spearman's correlation. Among the Prevotella and Porphyromonas species detected in the periodontal lesions of sheep, P. melaninogenica (85.7%), P. buccae (64.3%), P. gingivalis (50%), and P. endodontalis (50%) were most prevalent. P. gingivalis (15%) and P. oralis (10%) prevailed in the gingival sulcus. P. gulae and P. tannerae were not detected in the 34 samples studied. Data evaluation by t-test verified that occurrence of P. asaccharolytica, P. endodontalis, P. gingivalis, P. buccae, P. intermedia, P. melalinogenica, and P. nigrescens correlated with sheep periodontitis. The findings of this study will be an important contribution to research on pathogenesis of sheep periodontitis and development of its control measures.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Biofilms; Periodontal Pocket; Periodontitis; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Porphyromonas; Prevotella; Sheep; Sheep Diseases
PubMed: 28619155
DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.03.032 -
Journal of Dairy Science Feb 2015The objective of this experiment was to test the effect of a Met analog, 2-hydroxy-4-methylthio-butanoic acid (HMTBa), on ruminal fermentation and microbial protein...
The objective of this experiment was to test the effect of a Met analog, 2-hydroxy-4-methylthio-butanoic acid (HMTBa), on ruminal fermentation and microbial protein synthesis, nutrient digestibility, urinary N losses, and performance of dairy cows. Eight multiparous lactating Holstein dairy cows were assigned to 4 levels of HMTBa [0 (control), 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15% (dry matter basis)] in a replicated 4×4 Latin square trial. Experimental periods were 28 d, including 21 d for adaptation. Ruminal ammonia and microbial N were labeled through a 6-d intraruminal infusion of (15)NH4Cl, and microbial protein synthesis in the rumen was estimated using the reticular sampling technique. Treatment had no effect on dry matter intake (28.4 to 29.8kg/d), milk yield (44.1 to 45.3kg/d), feed efficiency, and milk composition. Total-tract apparent digestibility of nutrients was generally not affected by treatment, except digestibility of crude protein and starch decreased quadratically with HMTBa supplementation. Fecal, but not urinary, and total excreta N losses were increased quadratically by HMTBa. Ruminal pH, ammonia concentration, protozoal counts, and the major volatile fatty acids were not affected by treatment. Microbial N outflow from the rumen was linearly increased by HMTBa. 2-Hydroxy-4-methylthio-butanoic acid linearly increased the proportion of Fecalibacterium and quadratically decreased the proportion of Eubacterium in ruminal contents. Of the individual bacterial species, HMTBa increased or tended to increase Prevotella loescheii and Prevotella oralis. 2-Hydroxy-4-methylthio-butanoic acid linearly increased the concentration (and yield) of 15:0 in milk fat. In the conditions of this crossover experiment, HMTBa had no effect on feed intake and performance of dairy cows, decreased dietary crude protein digestibility, and increased microbial N outflow from the rumen.
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Bacteria; Butyric Acid; Cattle; Dietary Proteins; Dietary Supplements; Digestion; Fats; Fatty Acids; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Female; Fermentation; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactation; Methionine; Milk; Nitrogen; Rumen
PubMed: 25434334
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-8904 -
Journal of Periodontal Research Oct 2014Smoking has been reported to increase the risk of periodontal disease by disrupting the balance of immune responses and tissue repair processes; however, this risk... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
Smoking has been reported to increase the risk of periodontal disease by disrupting the balance of immune responses and tissue repair processes; however, this risk varies among smokers. Cotinine levels in saliva are routinely used to measure the level of smoking, and reflect the quantity of nicotine, and other smoking-related xenobiotics that challenge host systems. This study delineated characteristics of inflammatory mediators in saliva and serum antibody responses to both periodontal pathogens and commensal bacteria in smokers as they related to cotinine levels.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This case-control study (n = 279) examined salivary inflammatory mediator responses [interleukin (IL)-1ß, IL-10, prostaglandin E2, myeloperoxidase and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1], and serum IgG antibody responses to three periodontal pathogens (Aggregatibacter actinomyce-temcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola) and five commensal oral microorganisms (Veillonella parvula, Streptococcus sanguis, Prevotella loescheii, Actinomyces naeslundii, Capnocytophaga ochracea).
RESULTS
The patients were stratified into health (n = 30), gingivitis (n = 55) and periodontitis (n = 184); cotinine levels correlated with reported smoking habits in health, less so with gingivitis, and were not correlated in periodontitis. Of the inflammatory mediators/acute phase proteins, only IL-1ß levels were positively associated (p < 0.001) with the pack years and cotinine levels. As might be predicted, patients with periodontitis smoked more (p < 0.001) and had higher levels of cotinine. IL-1ß and antibody to A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis and T. denticola were significantly higher in the patients with periodontitis than either patients with gingivitis or who were healthy.
CONCLUSIONS
Generally, antibody to the pathogens and commensals was lower with decreased cotinine levels. Smoking exacerbated differences in both inflammatory mediators and three antibody in periodontal disease compared to healthy subjects.
Topics: Actinomyces; Adult; Aged; Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; Antibodies, Bacterial; Capnocytophaga; Case-Control Studies; Cotinine; Dinoprostone; Female; Gingivitis; Humans; Immunoglobulin G; Inflammation Mediators; Interleukin-10; Interleukin-1beta; Male; Middle Aged; Periodontitis; Peroxidase; Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Prevotella; Saliva; Smoking; Streptococcus sanguis; Treponema denticola; Veillonella; Young Adult
PubMed: 24283398
DOI: 10.1111/jre.12146