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Cureus May 2020Background Haemorrhoid is the most common anal canal disease. Treatments may vary from non-invasive to invasive depending on the symptoms. Haemorrhoidectomy has been...
Background Haemorrhoid is the most common anal canal disease. Treatments may vary from non-invasive to invasive depending on the symptoms. Haemorrhoidectomy has been widely used. However, it has some drawbacks like severe postoperative pain, longer time to return to daily activities and complications such as anal stenosis. To overcome these, various new treatment methods have been introduced. Doppler-guided hemorrhoidal artery ligation operations (HALO) are becoming popular among surgeons. HALO has been reported to have a lower recurrence rate of less than 10% and higher patient satisfaction of approximately 90% with minimal postoperative pain. It achieves very good postoperative outcomes in the treatment of early haemorrhoids where per rectal bleeding and/or perianal discomfort are main symptoms. Nevertheless, it has a limitation in the treatment of prolapsing haemorrhoids. To tackle this, simultaneous recto-anal repair (RAR) has been recently introduced. HALO, in combination with RAR, has been reported to achieve good postoperative outcomes and excellent patient satisfaction. This is a two-stage open operation. The stages are: - Doppler-guided HALO and - RAR (recto-anal repair) Methods We are presenting a single-centre one-year experience of Doppler-guided haemorrhoidal artery ligation operation and recto-anal repair (DG-HALO and RAR) conducted on haemorrhoidal patients to evaluate the outcomes and effectiveness of the procedure. Retrospective data were collected for the patients who underwent HALO over one year period from June 2018 to August 2019. A total of 10 patients were treated with the HALO-RAR procedure. Results The male to female ratio was 7:3, median age was 47.98 (28.38 - 61.7) years, median body mass index (BMI) was 30.23 (23.8 - 39.1). Eight patients were American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Grade II, one patient was ASA I and one was ASA III. Time from initial consultation to the HALO procedure was 9.90 (3.5 - 19.8) months. All patients complained of preoperative bleeding and six of them complained of pain or discomfort. Nine patients underwent previous bandings in the clinic and one patient declined banding. The average time of the procedure was 57 mins. The average number of ligations was 10 (0-21). In one case, the proctoscope did not pair with the speaker. The average number of plications was three (2-4). Postoperatively, nine patients had no immediate complications; one patient had acute urinary retention. Seven patients were discharged on the same day. One patient had to stay overnight for monitoring prior to restarting apixaban, one patient for his learning difficulties and one patient had an unplanned overnight stay due to acute urinary retention requiring catheterization. Eight patients had their first follow-up; improvement of symptoms was found in 100% patients on the first follow-up. Conclusion HALO-RAR should be considered as a treatment option for recurrent symptoms after banding for haemorrhoids. The study showed good overall results with no immediate surgical complications. Excellent patient satisfaction was found even in long-term follow-up.
PubMed: 32499984
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.7944 -
Medicine Jan 2020Anastomotic leakage (AL) remains one of the most threatening complications in colorectal surgery with the incidence of up to 20%. The aim of the study is to evaluate the...
INTRODUCTION
Anastomotic leakage (AL) remains one of the most threatening complications in colorectal surgery with the incidence of up to 20%. The aim of the study is to evaluate the safety and feasibility of novel - trimodal intraoperative colorectal anastomosis testing technique.
METHODS AND ANALYSIS
This multi-center prospective cohort pilot study will include patients undergoing colorectal anastomosis formation below 15 cm from the anal verge. Trimodal anastomosis testing will include testing for blood supply by ICG fluorescence trans-abdominally and trans-anally, testing of mechanical integrity of anastomosis by air-leak and methylene blue leak tests and testing for tension. The primary outcome of the study will be AL rate at day 60. The secondary outcomes will include: the frequency of changed location of bowel resection; ileostomy rate; the rate of intraoperative AL; time, taken to perform trimodal anastomosis testing; postoperative morbidity and mortality; quality of life.
DISCUSSION
Trimodal testing of colorectal anastomosis may be a novel and comprehensive way to investigate colorectal anastomosis and to reveal insufficient blood supply and integrity defects intraoperatively. Thus, prevention of these two most common causes of AL may lead to decreased rate of leakage.
STUDY REGISTRATION
Clinicaltrials.gov (https://clinicaltrials.gov/): NCT03958500, May, 2019.
Topics: Anastomosis, Surgical; Anastomotic Leak; Colorectal Surgery; Humans; Ileostomy; Methylene Blue; Operative Time; Pilot Projects; Postoperative Complications; Prospective Studies
PubMed: 31914032
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000018560 -
Clinical Infectious Diseases : An... Nov 2019Screening methods for anal squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs) are suboptimal. We aimed to determine the diagnostic performance of a composite endpoint comprising...
High-risk Human Papilloma Virus Testing Improves Diagnostic Performance to Predict Moderate- to High-grade Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-infected Men Who Have Sex With Men in Low-to-Absent Cytological Abnormalities.
BACKGROUND
Screening methods for anal squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs) are suboptimal. We aimed to determine the diagnostic performance of a composite endpoint comprising anal liquid-based cytology (aLBC) and high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) testing to predict histological high-grade SILs (hHSILs).
METHODS
From the SeVIHanal cohort, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected men who have sex with men (MSM) who had an aLBC with concomitant HR-HPV testing were included. hHSILs were determined by high-resolution anoscopy (HRA)-guided biopsy.
RESULTS
A total of 705 visits obtained from 426 patients were included. The prevalence of HR-HPV among aLBC results were 51.9% (133/215) normal, 87.9% (20/232) low-grade SILs (LSILs), and 90.9% (149/164) high-grade SILs; P (linear association) < .001. Low prevalence of hHSILs was only observed for the composite aLBC/HR-HPV testing endpoint "normal/noHR-HPV" (10%) and "LSIL/noHR-HPV" (4%). The prognostic values (95% confidence interval) for HR-HPV to predict hHSILs in normal cytology were positive predictive value (PPV), 29.3% (25.6%-33.3%); negative predictive value (NPV), 90.2% (82.8%-94.7%); sensitivity, 83% (69.2%-92.4%); and specificity, 44.1% (36.4%-51.9%). Corresponding figures for cytologic LSILs were PPV, 39.2% (37.4%-41.1%); NPV, 96.4% (78.9%-99.5%); sensitivity, 98.8% (93.3%-99.9%); and specificity, 17.9% (12.1%-24.9%). A positive interaction and a synergistic effect for the composite endpoint were observed (relative excess risk = 1.50, attributable proportion of histological results to interaction = 0.17, synergy index = 1.24).
CONCLUSIONS
HRA should not be indicated in the setting of LSILs/noHR-HPV following aLBC-based screening. In contrast, HIV-infected MSM with normal aLBC/HR-HPV infection should be considered for HRA.
CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION
NCT03713229.
Topics: Adult; Algorithms; Anus Neoplasms; Biopsy; Carcinoma in Situ; Cytodiagnosis; Disease Management; HIV Infections; Homosexuality, Male; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Grading; Neoplasm Staging; Odds Ratio; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus Infections; Proctoscopes; Reproducibility of Results; Risk Assessment; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 30770528
DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciz144 -
Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Nov 2018We aimed to propose a set of quality indicators (QIs) based on the clinical guidelines for cervical cancer treatment published by The Japan Society of Gynecologic...
OBJECTIVE
We aimed to propose a set of quality indicators (QIs) based on the clinical guidelines for cervical cancer treatment published by The Japan Society of Gynecologic Oncology, and to assess adherence to standard-of-care as an index of the quality of care for cervical cancer in Japan.
METHODS
A panel of clinical experts devised the QIs using a modified Delphi method. Adherence to each QI was evaluated using data from a hospital-based cancer registry of patients diagnosed in 2013, and linked with insurance claims data, between October 1, 2012, and December 31, 2014. All patients who received first-line treatment at the participating facility were included. The QI scores were communicated to participating hospitals, and additional data about the reasons for non-adherence were collected.
RESULTS
In total, 297 hospitals participated, and the care provided to 15,163 cervical cancer patients was examined using 10 measurable QIs. The adherence rate ranged from 50.0% for 'cystoscope or proctoscope for stage IVA' to 98.8% for 'chemotherapy using platinum for stage IVB'. Despite the variation in care, hospitals reported clinically valid reasons for more than half of the non-adherent cases. Clinically valid reasons accounted for 75%, 90.9%, 73.4%, 44.5%, and 88.1% of presented non-adherent cases respectively.
CONCLUSION
Our study revealed variations in pattern of care as well as an adherence to standards-of-care across Japan. Further assessment of the causes of variation and non-adherence can help identify areas where improvements are needed in patient care.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adult; Aged; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Female; Guideline Adherence; Hospitals; Humans; Japan; Middle Aged; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Quality of Health Care; Registries; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
PubMed: 30207093
DOI: 10.3802/jgo.2018.29.e83 -
Clinical Anatomy (New York, N.Y.) Jan 2019The recent interest in transanal, minimally invasive surgery has highlighted the importance of an in depth understanding of this complex region. We applied data from an...
The recent interest in transanal, minimally invasive surgery has highlighted the importance of an in depth understanding of this complex region. We applied data from an anatomical study of the perineum to the concept of transanal minimally invasive surgery with the aim to describe more accurately anatomy relevant to this surgical technique. A consecutive series of adult patients undergoing colonoscopy were approached for consent to measure dimensions and angles of the perineum before the examination. Distances from the posterior margin of the anus to the coccyx, and the anterior margin of the anus to the posterior edge of the scrotum or introitus were measured. Then, using a pediatric proctoscope and a protractor, the anoperineal angle and the recto perineal angles were measured. The anorectal angle was derived from these measurements. Data is described using means and standard deviations. Measurements were obtained from 106 patients undergoing elective colonoscopy for average risk screening with no history of defecatory disorder. Posterior perineal length was similar in both sexes (4.5 cm ± 0.9 in women and 4.6 cm ±0.7 in men) but the anterior perineum was significantly shorter in women (2.5 ± 0.8). The mean anoperineal angle was 93° (±9), and mean rectoperineal angle was 73° (±9). These angles varied significantly between the sexes. The mean anorectal angle (derived) was 160° (±9), and did not differ significantly between the sexes. There was no correlation between the posterior perineal length and ano perineal, recto perineal, or anorectal angles. Limitations: small sample size. Anoperineal and recto perineal differ significantly between the sexes. Surgeons using transanal minimally invasive surgical techniques should expect to alter the alignment of their dissection accordingly. This study shows the magnitude of the differences that can exist. Clin. Anat. 32:68-72, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Topics: Anal Canal; Female; Humans; Male; Perineum; Reference Values; Transanal Endoscopic Surgery
PubMed: 30098037
DOI: 10.1002/ca.23246 -
The New England Journal of Medicine May 2018
Topics: Anal Canal; Contraindications, Procedure; Digital Rectal Examination; Female; Humans; Male; Proctoscopes; Proctoscopy
PubMed: 29847759
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMvcm1510280 -
Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology Jan 2019To evaluate the incidence, risk factors, and treatment of colorectal anastomotic stenosis in patients who undergo rectosigmoid resection for deep infiltrating...
STUDY OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the incidence, risk factors, and treatment of colorectal anastomotic stenosis in patients who undergo rectosigmoid resection for deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE).
DESIGN
Retrospective analysis of a prospective database (Canadian Task Force classification III).
SETTING
Public medical center.
PATIENTS
All women who underwent laparoscopic rectosigmoid resections for DIE at our hospital between January 2002 and December 2016.
INTERVENTION
All patients were evaluated clinically and endoscopically at 1 month and 3 months after bowel resection. Stenosis was defined as a lack of passage through the anastomosis of a 12-mm proctoscope. Symptomatic stenosis was defined as the presence of endoscopically confirmed stricture accompanied by at least 2 of the following symptoms: constipation, need to push, tenesmus, and ribbon stools. Only patients with symptomatic stenosis were studied. Demographic data, surgical techniques, and postoperative complications were recorded prospectively. Treatments and outcomes of anastomotic symptomatic strictures were analyzed.
MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS
A total of 1643 patients underwent laparoscopic rectosigmoid resection at our hospital between January 2002 and December 2016. Among these, 104 patients (6.3%) presented with symptomatic anastomotic stenosis. The median patient age was 27 years (range, 23-44 years), and the median interval between diagnosis and the onset of symptomatic stenosis was 57 days (range, 21-64 days). The only statistically significant predictors of anastomotic stenosis were the presence of ileostomy (p = .01) and previous pelvic surgery (p = .002). Treatment of choice was always conservative. Of the 104 patients in the study cohort, 90 (86.5%) underwent 3 endoscopic dilatations. No patient required reoperation.
CONCLUSION
The anastomotic stricture is a recognized complication in patients following intestinal resection for DIE, and protective ileostomy is the sole modifiable factor related to anastomotic stenosis. Endoscopic dilatation is a valid option to treat this complication.
Topics: Adult; Anastomosis, Surgical; Colon; Constipation; Constriction, Pathologic; Digestive System Surgical Procedures; Endometriosis; Female; Humans; Ileostomy; Laparoscopy; Outpatients; Pelvic Pain; Pelvis; Peritoneal Diseases; Postoperative Complications; Prospective Studies; Rectal Diseases; Rectum; Reoperation; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Young Adult
PubMed: 29678755
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2018.03.033 -
Minerva Chirurgica Oct 2018Conservative surgery of hemorrhoidal disease is less painful than traditional hemorrhoidectomy, and mucopexy has less risk of serious postoperative complications than...
Mucopexy-recto anal lifting: a standardized minimally invasive method of managing symptomatic hemorrhoids, with an innovative suturing technique and the HemorPex System®.
BACKGROUND
Conservative surgery of hemorrhoidal disease is less painful than traditional hemorrhoidectomy, and mucopexy has less risk of serious postoperative complications than stapled hemorrhoidopexy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of a standardized, modified hemorrhoidopexy, named Mucopexy-Recto Anal Lifting (MuRAL) with the HemorPex System (HPS) in patients with symptomatic III and IV degree hemorrhoids.
METHODS
Patients were enrolled from May 2013 to Dec 2015 and operated on with the MuRAL technique, based on arterial ligation and mucopexy at 6 locations, using a standardized clockwise/anti-clockwise rotation sequence of the HPS anoscope. Follow-up controls were carried out by independent observers, as follows: a digital exploration 3 weeks after the intervention, digital exploration plus proctoscopy at 3 and 12 months and repeated at a 12 months interval. Patients who did not strictly follow the postoperative controls were excluded from the study. Primary outcome measurement was the recurrence rate. Secondary measurements were: operative time, hospital stay, postoperative pain, postoperative symptoms and satisfaction score.
RESULTS
We operated on 126 patients (72 males, mean age 53.9, range 29-83): 87 (69.6%) with III degree and 39 with IV degree hemorrhoids; 13 patients had a MuRAL as a revisional procedure of a previous operation for hemorrhoids. Mean duration of follow-up was 554 days (range 281-1219). Four patients were excluded from the study. One-year recurrence rate was 4.1%. The mean duration of the intervention was 29.5 minutes (range 23-60) and 92 patients (73%) were discharged during the same day of the operation. Pain VAS Score in the first, second and third postoperative day was 3.9, 2.5, and 1.9, respectively. Twenty-two patients (18%), all submitted to spinal anesthesia, had postoperative acute urinary retention. Fecal urgency, observed in 18.8% of patients at the first control, disappeared within one year after the operation. Mean time to return to normal activity was 8 days (range 5 -10). The patient satisfaction scores at one-year follow up were 31.1% excellent, 57.4% good, 7.4% fairly good and 4.1% poor. In patients with III degree hemorrhoids operative time was significantly shorter, postoperative pain better and transient fecal urgency lower than in IV degree patients. In our experience the standardization of MuRAL operation with HPS, turned out to be a safe and effective minimally invasive approach in managing symptomatic III and IV degree hemorrhoids, avoiding the risk of severe complications, with the possibility to perform a redo-MuRAL in the event of recurrence.
CONCLUSIONS
In our series up to 88% of the patients reported a good, or excellent one-year satisfaction score. Further comparative randomized studies with longer follow-up period are needed.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anal Canal; Equipment Design; Female; Hemorrhoidectomy; Hemorrhoids; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; Male; Middle Aged; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; Proctoscopes; Suture Techniques
PubMed: 29652112
DOI: 10.23736/S0026-4733.18.07425-4 -
Il Giornale Di Chirurgia 2017The best treatment of early stage anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is under debated. Wide local excision (WLE) may be considered adequate for stage 1 anal margin...
OBJECTIVES
The best treatment of early stage anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is under debated. Wide local excision (WLE) may be considered adequate for stage 1 anal margin cancer. This study demonstrates our experience in treatment of patients with SCC over 5 years.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
We conducted a retrospective study of patients who had undergone anal screening or anal cancer surveillance between October 2010 and 2015 in our department. Each patient underwent anal Pap test, HPV test PCR HPV DNA and cytology by Thin Prep. The examinations were performed by Proctostation THD©. Data were collected and analysed.
RESULTS
We included 25 patients, 16 male (64%) and 9 female (36%). Twenty-four patients had SCC and 1 patient had adenocarcinoma. Of this cohort: 10 underwent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) because T3-4 N1-2 M0, 13 underwent only surgery because T1/T2 and 2 patients had CRT and surgery because they already have had anal cancer treated in the past with CRT. Seventeen patients (68%) of this cohort, including 5 with micro-invasive SCCs, had regular follow-up without recurrences. Four patients (17%) died from metastatic disease and 4 patients (17%) had recurrent disease.
CONCLUSIONS
In this small cohort we demonstrated satisfactory results in treatment of SCCs, underlining the effective role of surgery in early stages of SCC. Screening program and follow up were fundamental to identify early stage and recurrent disease. Also we found the High-resolution video-proctoscopy a valid diagnostic tool.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anus Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Equipment Design; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Proctoscopes; Proctoscopy; Retrospective Studies; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult
PubMed: 29182899
DOI: 10.11138/gchir/2017.38.4.176 -
Techniques in Coloproctology Dec 2017The transanal hemorrhoidal dearterialization (THD) Doppler procedure is a minimally invasive technique to treat symptomatic hemorrhoids. The aim of the study was to... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The transanal hemorrhoidal dearterialization (THD) Doppler procedure is a minimally invasive technique to treat symptomatic hemorrhoids. The aim of the study was to assess the clinical efficacy and the satisfaction of patients in a large series treated with THD and to review the relevant literature.
METHODS
In this retrospective, single-institution, study consecutive patients with grade 2, 3, or 4 hemorrhoidal disease were treated with the THD Doppler procedure. Dearterialization was performed in all cases and mucopexy in case of prolapse. The dearterialization procedure evolved from "proximal artery ligation" to "distal Doppler-guided dearterialization." Follow-up was scheduled at 15 days, 1, 3, 12 months, and once a year thereafter. Complications were recorded. Clinical efficacy was assessed comparing both frequency of symptoms and disease grading (Goligher's classification) at baseline versus last follow-up. Uni-/multivariate analysis evaluated factors affecting the outcome.
RESULTS
There were 1000 patients (619 men; mean age: 48.6 years, range 19-88 years). Acute postoperative bleeding was observed in 14 patients (1.4%), pain/tenesmus in 31 patients (3.1%), and urinary retention in 23 patients (2.3%). At mean follow-up duration of 44 ± 29 months, the symptomatic recurrence rate was 9.5% (95 patients; bleeding in 12 (1.2%), prolapse in 46 (4.6%), and bleeding and prolapse in 37 (3.7%) patients). The recurrence rate was 8.5, 8.7, and 18.1% in patients with grade 2, 3, and 4 hemorrhoids, respectively. Seventy out of 95 patients with recurrence needed surgery (reoperation rate: 7.0%). At final follow-up and taking into account the reoperations, 95.7% of patients had no hemorrhoidal disease on examination. Younger age, grade 4 disease, and high artery ligation affected the outcome negatively.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results show that the THD Doppler procedure is safe and effective in patients with hemorrhoidal disease and associated with low morbidity and recurrence rates and a high rate percentage of treatment success.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Arteries; Female; Hemorrhoidectomy; Hemorrhoids; Humans; Ligation; Male; Middle Aged; Pain, Postoperative; Patient Satisfaction; Postoperative Hemorrhage; Proctoscopes; Recurrence; Retrospective Studies; Severity of Illness Index; Symptom Assessment; Transanal Endoscopic Surgery; Treatment Outcome; Urinary Retention; Young Adult
PubMed: 29170839
DOI: 10.1007/s10151-017-1726-5