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Journal of Chemical Ecology May 2024Stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), are blood-feeding ectoparasites of cattle. Host-seeking stable flies respond to various cattle host cues, but a potential role of...
Stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), are blood-feeding ectoparasites of cattle. Host-seeking stable flies respond to various cattle host cues, but a potential role of cattle breath gases [carbon dioxide (CO), methane (CH)] and cattle breath volatiles (acetone, isoprene, 2-butanone, 2-propanol, propionic acid, 3-methyl butyric acid, phenol), alone or in combination, on host-seeking behavior of stable flies has not yet been comprehensively investigated. In laboratory and greenhouse experiments, we tested the hypotheses that (1) CO and CH interactively attract stable flies, (2) CO 'gates' attraction of stable flies to CH, and (3) breath volatiles on their own, or in combination with both CO and CH, attract stable flies. In Y-tube olfactometer experiments, the blend of CH (0.5%) and CO (1%) in breathing air ('b-air') attracted significantly more female flies than CH, or CO, in b-air. The flies' responses to CH were contingent upon their prior or concurrent exposure to CO. In two-choice experiments in a large greenhouse compartment, significantly more flies landed on the host-look-alike barrel that disseminated a blend of CO and CH in b-air (CO/CH/b-air) than on the barrel disseminating either b-air or CO. Moreover, significantly more flies landed on the barrel that disseminated synthetic breath volatiles (SBVs) than on the barrel disseminating b-air. The blend of CO/CH/b-air and SBVs elicited more fly landings on barrels than CO/CH/b-air but not than SBVs. SBVs, possibly combined with both CH and CO, could be developed as a lure to enhance trap captures of stable flies in livestock production facilities.
PubMed: 38806939
DOI: 10.1007/s10886-024-01502-0 -
BMJ Case Reports May 2024Pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP) is a rare dermatological condition which may present with ocular manifestations. We report a case of recurrent cicatricial ectropion (CE)...
Pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP) is a rare dermatological condition which may present with ocular manifestations. We report a case of recurrent cicatricial ectropion (CE) with topical beta-blocker use in the rare dermatological condition PRP. The patient underwent release of scar tissue, lateral tarsal strip and full-thickness supraclavicular skin graft for CE following immunosuppression with methotrexate for 3 months. Postoperatively, CE recurred, with skin graft shrinkage and resumption of periocular disease activity, 8 weeks following the introduction of topical timolol. The patient was referred for further immunosuppression and substitution of timolol before consideration for further surgery. PRP has a variety of potential ocular complications. Surgery has a high risk of recurrence and should be performed when the overall disease is quiescent and drugs, which could trigger reactivation, have been discontinued and/or substituted. Skin grafts should be oversized to off-set shrinkage.
Topics: Humans; Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris; Ectropion; Skin Transplantation; Timolol; Male; Recurrence; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Female; Methotrexate; Middle Aged; Cicatrix
PubMed: 38806396
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2023-256445 -
The Journal of Organic Chemistry Jun 2024A method for the syntheses of isolable, active esters is described in which carboxylic acids are treated with triphenylphosphine, iodine, and triethylamine. Active...
A method for the syntheses of isolable, active esters is described in which carboxylic acids are treated with triphenylphosphine, iodine, and triethylamine. Active esters accessible in this way include -hydroxysuccinimide esters, -hydroxyphthalimide esters (-(acyloxy)phthalimides), -acylsaccharins, pentafluorophenol esters, pentachlorophenol esters, -hydroxybenzotriazole esters, and hexafluoro-2-propanol esters. The approach can be similarly applied toward the formation of -acylsaccharins and -acylimidazoles. The method is suitable for the formation of isolable active esters of aromatic and aliphatic activated acids as well as α-amino acid derivatives. These products are widely used reagents in organic synthesis, peptide synthesis, medicinal chemistry, and chemical biology (e.g., for bioconjugations). The method has broad substrate scope, uses simple and inexpensive reagents, avoids the use of carbodiimides or other coupling agents, and occurs at room temperature. Additionally, the diastereomers of compound Boc-Ala-NHCHPh are demonstrated to be distinguishable by H NMR (in DMSO-), allowing for a straightforward NMR method to establish the degree of racemization of activated esters of Boc-Ala or amide bond formations using Boc-Ala.
PubMed: 38805361
DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00272 -
Food Additives & Contaminants. Part A,... Jul 2024This study presents a method based on acid transesterification and the purification by solid-phase extraction (SPE) coupled with gas chromatography-tandem mass...
Determination of chloropropanol esters and glycidyl esters in nutritional foods by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry based on acid hydrolysis and solid-phase extraction.
This study presents a method based on acid transesterification and the purification by solid-phase extraction (SPE) coupled with gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for quantifying 3- and 2-monochloropropanediol esters (3-MCPDE, 2-MCPDE) and glycidyl esters (GE) in nutritional foods. The fat was extracted by liquid-liquid extraction with petroleum ether and diethyl ether after the sample was hydrolysed with ammonia. Then the extract was purified by a SPE cartridge filled with the aminopropyl sorbents. It was demonstrated that the optimal elution volume for 3-MCPDE, 2-MCPDE and GE greatly depended on the sample matrix and varied from 6 to 12 mL for four different kinds of food matrices. All three analytes in the sample solution could be fully collected in the first 10-12 mL of eluate. By this way, monoacylglycerols commonly present in the samples were fully removed. Therefore, the overestimation of GE quantification was effectively eliminated. The modified analytical procedure was fully validated in a single laboratory and has been recommended as a Chinese Food Safety National Standard. In addition, two derivatisation agents, heptafluorobutyrylimidazole and phenylboronic acid, were proved to be equivalent in method accuracy and precision for the quantification of three analytes.
Topics: Solid Phase Extraction; Esters; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Hydrolysis; Food Contamination; Propanols; Food Analysis; Epoxy Compounds; alpha-Chlorohydrin; Acids
PubMed: 38805241
DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2024.2353796 -
Scientific Reports May 2024Phononic crystals (PnCs) emerge as an innovative sensor technology, especially for high-performance sensing applications. This study strives to advance this field by...
Phononic crystals (PnCs) emerge as an innovative sensor technology, especially for high-performance sensing applications. This study strives to advance this field by developing new designs of PnC structures that exhibit stability in the face of construction imperfections and deformations, focusing on the evolution of topological PnCs (TPnCs). These designs could be promising to overcome the problem of instability involved in most of the theoretical PnC sensors when they emerge in experimental verification. In particular, the fabrication process of any design could collide with some fluctuations in controlling the size of each component. Thus, Fano resonance is introduced through a one-dimensional (1D) quasiperiodic TPnC. To the best of the author's knowledge, this study is the first to observe Fano modes in liquid cavities through 1D PnCs. Various quasiperiodic PnC designs are employed to detect the temperature of alcohols (specifically propanol) across an extensive temperature range (160-240 °C). The effects of many geometrical parameters on the sensor stability, such as material thicknesses, are studied. Numerical findings demonstrated that the designed quasiperiodic topological PnCs based on Fibonacci sequence of the second order proved superior performance. This sensing tool provides sensitivity, quality factor and figure-of-merit values of 104,533.33 Hz/°C, 223.69 and 0.5221 (/°C), respectively, through temperature detection of propanol in the range of 160-240 °C.
PubMed: 38802403
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62268-9 -
Annales Pharmaceutiques Francaises May 2024The research aimed to investigate the solubility and thermodynamics of salicylic acid in two binary solvent mixtures of (1-propanol+propylene glycol) and (ethylene...
The research aimed to investigate the solubility and thermodynamics of salicylic acid in two binary solvent mixtures of (1-propanol+propylene glycol) and (ethylene glycol monomethyl ether+1-propanol). The study was conducted in the temperature range of 293.2 to 313.2K. To analyze the experimental solubility data, several linear and nonlinear cosolvency models, such as the van't Hoff, Jouyban-Acree, Jouyban-Acree-van't Hoff, mixture response surface, and modified Wilson models were employed. The models' effectiveness was evaluated by comparing the mean relative deviations of the back-calculated solubility data to the experimental values. In addition, the apparent thermodynamic parameters, including Gibbs energy, enthalpy, and entropy, were calculated using the van't Hoff and Gibbs equations. Furthermore, the study measured the density values for salicylic acid-saturated mixtures and represented them mathematically through the Jouyban-Acree model.
PubMed: 38797502
DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2024.05.004 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024JUK-8 ([Zn(oba)(pip)], oba = 4,4'-oxybis(benzenedicarboxylate), pip = 4-pyridyl-functionalized benzene-1,3-dicarbohydrazide) is a hydrolytically stable flexible...
JUK-8 ([Zn(oba)(pip)], oba = 4,4'-oxybis(benzenedicarboxylate), pip = 4-pyridyl-functionalized benzene-1,3-dicarbohydrazide) is a hydrolytically stable flexible metal-organic framework. Owing to its unusual adsorptive properties, JUK-8 can be considered as a promising sensing material for construction of detectors of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in air. Quasi-equilibrated temperature-programmed desorption and adsorption (QE-TPDA) is a versatile method dedicated to characterization of porous materials. In this work, QE-TPDA was employed to study co-adsorption of water and selected alcohols in JUK-8. For the first time an infrared detector sensitive to organic compounds was used in the QE-TPDA measurements, allowing the study of the influence of water vapor on sorption of VOCs. The QE-TPDA profiles of the studied alcohols, exhibiting two desorption maxima and two adsorption minima, are consistent with the standard sorption isotherms, revealing a two-step adsorption-desorption mechanism. The profiles recorded in the presence of water are noticeably changed in different ways for different alcohols. While at low relative humidity (RH) (ca. 20%) the low temperature adsorption states of ethanol and 1-propanol were only slightly destabilized, for 2-propanol almost complete suppression of adsorption was observed. The results found for moderate RH levels (ca. 50%) indicated that the opening of the JUK-8 structure, responsible for its breathing behavior, was followed by the filling of the just generated pores with a water-alcohol mixture.
PubMed: 38792170
DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102309 -
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024Despite the advantages of surgical handrub in terms of the ease of application and effectiveness, chlorhexidine (CHG)-based hand scrubbing remains the preferred method...
Alcohol-Based Chlorhexidine and Potassium Sorbate Rub Strengthens the Effectiveness of Traditional Hand Scrubbing and Improves Long-Lasting Effectiveness-Evaluation of Hand Preparation Protocols According to EN 12791.
Despite the advantages of surgical handrub in terms of the ease of application and effectiveness, chlorhexidine (CHG)-based hand scrubbing remains the preferred method for surgical hand preparation. However, it does not systematically meet the non-inferiority requirement of the European norm (EN) 12791 with respect to n-propanol (the reference product) and does not provide the sustained efficacy expected for these long-lasting agents. Commercially available alcohol-based products have also failed to demonstrate sustained efficacy according to EN 12791. Multi-step protocols enhance the efficacy of hand scrubbing, yet their extended disinfection duration might diminish their allure for healthcare professionals. In this study, we show that hand scrubbing with CHG 4% followed by a 1 min rubbing with the novel formulation of ethanol (Et) 70%/CHG 3% plus 0.3% potassium sorbate food additive (PS) meets the non-inferiority requirement and demonstrates sustained efficacy when tested according to EN 12791. The immediate and 3 h effect of this protocol was significantly higher than that of n-propanol and the homologous disinfection protocol without PS (CHG 4% hand scrub plus Et 70%/CHG 3% rub), demonstrating that the inclusion of PS confers a notable residual effect. We speculate that this non-volatile ingredient acts synergistically with CHG. This promising combination represents an alternative method for the development of new disinfection strategies.
PubMed: 38786198
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13050470 -
Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences Jul 2023Enuresis, defined as involuntary nocturnal urination without any underlying organic disorder in a child expected to control urination, poses a common problem. This study... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
Enuresis, defined as involuntary nocturnal urination without any underlying organic disorder in a child expected to control urination, poses a common problem. This study evaluated the effectiveness of Tolterodine and Oxybutynin in children presenting with primary desmopressin-resistant enuresis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A randomized clinical trial was undertaken involving 68 participants aged between 5 and 16 years, all suffering from primary enuresis. These patients were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups for a three-month period: Group 1, treated with Oxybutynin and Desmopressin, and Group 2, treated with Tolterodine and Desmopressin. Data on demographics, clinical and laboratory findings, and subjective responses to treatment were gathered. The response was measured based on the frequency of wetting incidents per night and week and compared with pre-treatment data.
RESULTS
Patients were divided into two groups (30 patients in Group 1 and 38 patients in Group 2). The mean age of the patients was 88.97±27.09 months. In the first treatment group, 6 out of 30 patients (20%) experienced a complete treatment response, as did 5 out of 38 patients (13.2%) in the second treatment group. This difference between the groups was not statistically significant. Seven patients (23%) in the Oxybutynin group and 13 patients (34%) in the Tolterodine group reported a lack of response to treatment, a difference that also lacked statistical significance.
CONCLUSION
For patients resistant to Desmopressin, the addition of anticholinergic drugs elicited a significant response in over half of the patients. However, no benefit was observed in using either Oxybutynin or Tolterodine in the treatment of Desmopressin-resistant enuresis.
Topics: Humans; Tolterodine Tartrate; Child; Mandelic Acids; Male; Female; Deamino Arginine Vasopressin; Adolescent; Treatment Outcome; Child, Preschool; Nocturnal Enuresis; Muscarinic Antagonists; Antidiuretic Agents; Urological Agents; Enuresis; Drug Resistance
PubMed: 38784212
DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v33i4.7 -
The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B Jun 2024Dielectric relaxation experiments have been performed on -propanol (NPOH) films during physical vapor deposition at temperatures above and below its glass transition, =...
Dielectric relaxation experiments have been performed on -propanol (NPOH) films during physical vapor deposition at temperatures above and below its glass transition, = 97 K. The results for NPOH are compared with those of analogous experiments on methyl--toluate (MMT) and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (MTHF), with all three deposited at the same reduced temperature, 0.82. While MMT and MTHF display clear signs of a highly mobile surface layer, no such feature is observed for NPOH. The existence of this observed mobile surface layer correlates perfectly with the material's ability to form kinetically stable glasses, as NPOH differs from MMT and MTHF by not displaying kinetic stability.
PubMed: 38781977
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c01904