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Food Research International (Ottawa,... Aug 2024The acerola seed is an agro-industrial waste. It is a high moisture content product, rich in bioactive compounds. Drying is an alternative to make this waste available...
The acerola seed is an agro-industrial waste. It is a high moisture content product, rich in bioactive compounds. Drying is an alternative to make this waste available in a safe condition. The use of ethanol as a pretreatment could improve the drying process besides reducing the operation time. This study aimed to investigate the influence of ethanol pretreatment (ET) on the content of bioactive compounds, cell wall thickness, and color. The drying kinetics was studied, and the influence of external and internal resistance was discussed. The samples were immersed in ethanol for 2 min with subsequent convective drying (40 °C and 60 °C; 1 m s) until they reached the equilibrium condition. The ET reduced the drying time up to 36.36 %. The external and mixed control of mass transfer were identified as the governing regimes for drying this material, depending on the use of ethanol. ET led to an increase in effective diffusivity, a reduction in cell wall thickness, and preservation of the color of the dried waste. The ET positively impacted the conservation of ascorbic acid compared to untreated dried samples but was not relevant to phenolic compounds, carotenoids, and antioxidant activity. The drying process increased the bioactivity of the anthocyanins. The best condition was drying at 60 °C, pretreated with ethanol.
Topics: Ethanol; Desiccation; Antioxidants; Seeds; Malpighiaceae; Industrial Waste; Anthocyanins; Food Handling; Ascorbic Acid; Kinetics; Phenols
PubMed: 38945606
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114586 -
Food Research International (Ottawa,... Aug 2024The Cerrado is one of the most biodiverse biomes in the world, characterized by a wealth of native fruits with unique nutritional characteristics. In this sense, the...
The Cerrado is one of the most biodiverse biomes in the world, characterized by a wealth of native fruits with unique nutritional characteristics. In this sense, the social, economic, and environmental importance of fully utilizing food is widely recognized. Therefore, generally considered waste, fruit shells can be transformed into a coproduct with high added value. The objective of this work was to carry out a comprehensive assessment of the physicochemical properties, carbohydrate and fatty acid profile, phytochemical compounds, phenolic profile, and antioxidant potential of the recovered extracts of buriti (Mauritia flexuosa) shells in natura and dehydrated at 55 °C (flour). In addition, the functional properties were verified by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) from buriti shell flour. The results indicated high fiber content and energy value for the sample processed at 55 °C (58.95 g/100 g and 378.91 kcal/100 g, respectively) and low lipid and protein content (1.03 g/100 g and 1.39 g/100 g, respectively). Regardless of the sample analyzed, maltose was the majority sugar (37.33 - 281.01 g/100 g). The main fatty acids detected were oleic acid (61.33 - 62.08 %) followed by palmitic acid (33.91 - 34.40 %). The analysis of the mineral profile demonstrated that the samples did not differ significantly from each other, showing that the drying process did not interfere with the results obtained (p ≤ 0.05). The analysis of individual phenolics allowed the identification of six phenolic compounds in buriti shells. However, it is possible to observe that the drying method had a positive and significant influence on the phenolic profile (p ≤ 0.05), with chlorogenic acid (2.63 - 8.27 mg/100 g) and trigonelline (1.06 - 41.52 mg/100 g), the majority compounds. On the other hand, it is important to highlight that buriti shells have a high content of carotenoids, mainly β-carotene (27.18 - 62.94 µg/100 g) and α-carotene (18.23 - 60.28 µg/100 g), also being positively influenced by the drying process at 55 °C (p ≤ 0.05). The dried shells showed a high content of phytochemical compounds and high antioxidant activity based on the different methods tested. The results show that buriti shell flour can be fully utilized and has nutritional and chemical aspects that can be applied to develop new sustainable, nutritious, and functional food formulations.
Topics: Antioxidants; Nutritive Value; Fruit; Brazil; Flour; Fatty Acids; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Phenols; Plant Extracts; Dietary Fiber; Cucurbitaceae; Phytochemicals
PubMed: 38945600
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114578 -
Food Research International (Ottawa,... Aug 2024Synthetic preservatives are widely used in the food industry to control spoilage and growth of pathogenic microorganisms, inhibit lipid oxidation processes and extend... (Review)
Review
Synthetic preservatives are widely used in the food industry to control spoilage and growth of pathogenic microorganisms, inhibit lipid oxidation processes and extend the shelf life of food. However, synthetic preservatives have some side effects that can lead to poisoning, cancer and other degenerative diseases. With the improvement of living standards, people are developing safer natural preservatives to replace synthetic preservatives, including plant derived preservatives (polyphenols, essential oils, flavonoids), animal derived preservatives (lysozyme, antimicrobial peptide, chitosan) and microorganism derived preservatives (nisin, natamycin, ε-polylysine, phage). These natural preservatives exert antibacterial effects by disrupting microbial cell wall/membrane structures, interfering with DNA/RNA replication and transcription, and affecting protein synthesis and metabolism. This review summarizes the natural bioactive compounds (polyphenols, flavonoids and terpenoids, etc.) in these preservatives, their antioxidant and antibacterial activities, and safety evaluation in various products.
Topics: Food Preservatives; Antioxidants; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Food Preservation; Animals; Food Safety; Humans; Flavonoids; Polyphenols; Oils, Volatile; Terpenes
PubMed: 38945593
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114548 -
Food Research International (Ottawa,... Aug 2024The effects of the non-thermal (pulsed electric field, PEF) and thermal pretreatment (vacuum steam pulsed blanching, VSPB) on the drying kinetics, quality attributes,...
Mechanistic understanding of the improved drying characteristics and quality attributes of lily (Lilium lancifolium Thunb.) by modified microstructure after pulsed electric field (PEF) pretreatment.
The effects of the non-thermal (pulsed electric field, PEF) and thermal pretreatment (vacuum steam pulsed blanching, VSPB) on the drying kinetics, quality attributes, and multi-dimensional microstructure of lily scales were investigated. The results indicate that both PEF and VSPB pretreatments improved the drying rate compared to untreated lily scales. Specifically, PEF pretreatment reduced the drying time by 29.58 % - 43.60 %, while VSPB achieved a 46.91 % reduction in drying time. PEF treatment facilitated the enhanced leaching of phenols and flavonoids compared to VSPB treated samples, thereby increasing antioxidant activity. The rehydration ratio of the dried lilies was improved with PEF and VSPB treatment, which closely related to the microstructure. Weibull distribution and Page model demonstrated excellent fit for the drying and rehydration kinetics of lily scales, respectively (R > 0.993). The analysis of multi-dimensional microstructure and ultrastructure confirmed the variations in moisture migration and phytochemical contents among different treatments. Consequently, this study offers insights into the technological support for the potential of non-thermal pretreatment in fruits and vegetables.
Topics: Lilium; Desiccation; Food Handling; Phenols; Antioxidants; Flavonoids; Kinetics; Electricity; Vacuum; Water
PubMed: 38945591
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114660 -
Food Research International (Ottawa,... Aug 2024The effect of varying proportions (w/w) of natural aromatic extract of black tea (NAEBT) with pre-emulsification on the water-holding capacity (WHC) of pork meat batter...
The effect of varying proportions (w/w) of natural aromatic extract of black tea (NAEBT) with pre-emulsification on the water-holding capacity (WHC) of pork meat batter was investigated. The addition of NAEBT significantly reduced the cooking loss (CL) of pork meat batter from 23.95 % to 18.30 % (P < 0.05). Furthermore, NAEBT with pre-emulsification significantly improved the color stability and increased the springiness (P < 0.05). The results of TBARS and carbonyls indicated that NAEBT with pre-emulsification significantly alleviated oxidative damage to proteins (P < 0.05), resulting in an increased level of β-sheet (P < 0.05), as confirmed by FT-IR analysis. As a result, the water mobility of pork meat batter was restricted (P < 0.05), resulting in an increase in the energy storage modulus (P < 0.05) and a decrease in the pore size. In summary, the WHC of pork meat batter was improved by the antioxidant effect of the NAEBT.
Topics: Water; Plant Extracts; Pork Meat; Animals; Tea; Meat Products; Antioxidants; Swine; Cooking; Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
PubMed: 38945580
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114627 -
Food Research International (Ottawa,... Aug 2024The structural and functional properties of whey-quercetin and whey hydrolysate-quercetin conjugates synthesized using alkaline and free radical-mediated methods (AM and...
The structural and functional properties of whey-quercetin and whey hydrolysate-quercetin conjugates synthesized using alkaline and free radical-mediated methods (AM and FRM) coupled with sonication were studied. FTIR showed new peaks at 3000-3500 cm (N-H stretching regions) and the 1000-1100 cm region with the conjugates. Conjugation increased the random coils and α-helix content while decreasing the β-sheets and turns. It also increased the particle size and surface hydrophobicity which was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in AM than FRM conjugates. AM conjugates had higher radical scavenging activity but lower quercetin content than FRM conjugates. Overall, the functional properties of whey-quercetin conjugates were better than whey hydrolysate-quercetin conjugates. However, hydrolysate conjugates had significantly higher denaturation temperatures irrespective of the method of production. Sonication improved the radical scavenging activity and quercetin content of FRM conjugates while it decreased both for AM conjugates. This study suggested that whey-quercetin conjugates generally had better quality than whey hydrolysate conjugates and sonication tended to further improve these properties. This study highlights the potential for using camel whey or whey hydrolysate-quercetin conjugates to enhance the functional properties of food products in the food industry.
Topics: Quercetin; Animals; Camelus; Sonication; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Protein Hydrolysates; Whey; Antioxidants; Whey Proteins; Free Radical Scavengers; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Free Radicals; Particle Size; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
PubMed: 38945563
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114562 -
Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver... Jun 2024
Topics: Humans; Charcoal; Tablets; Foreign Bodies; Esophagoscopy; Esophagus; Male; Female
PubMed: 38944850
DOI: 10.15403/jgld-5310 -
Cancer Genomics & Proteomics 2024The efficacy of melatonin and its biological significance in human bladder cancer remain poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the functional role of...
BACKGROUND/AIM
The efficacy of melatonin and its biological significance in human bladder cancer remain poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the functional role of melatonin in urothelial carcinogenesis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In human normal urothelial SVHUC cells with exposure to the chemical carcinogen 3-methylcholanthrene, we assessed the effects of melatonin on the neoplastic/malignant transformation.
RESULTS
In the in vitro system with carcinogen challenge, melatonin significantly prevented the neoplastic transformation of SV-HUC-1 cells. In addition, melatonin treatment resulted in increased expression of SIRT1, Rb1, and E-cadherin, and decreased expression of N-cadherin and FGFR3 in SV-HUC-1 cells. Furthermore, publicly available datasets from GSE3167 revealed that the expression of melatonin receptor 1 and melatonin receptor 2 was significantly down-regulated in bladder urothelial carcinoma tissues, compared with adjacent normal urothelial tissues.
CONCLUSION
These findings indicate that melatonin serves as a suppressor for urothelial tumorigenesis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first preclinical study demonstrating the impact of melatonin on the development of urothelial cancer.
Topics: Melatonin; Humans; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Carcinogens; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; Urothelium; Methylcholanthrene
PubMed: 38944424
DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20456 -
The Veterinary Quarterly Dec 2024Mistletoe is an herb that grows on duku plants (Lancium demosticum) and is known as benalu duku (BD) in Indonesia. It is predicted to have benefits such as anticancer...
Mistletoe is an herb that grows on duku plants (Lancium demosticum) and is known as benalu duku (BD) in Indonesia. It is predicted to have benefits such as anticancer or antiviral properties, and it is also thought to have anti-diabetic pharmacological activity. Quercetin-like compounds (QLCs) are secondary metabolites with antidiabetic activity that are expected to lower blood sugar levels in animals after oral administration. This study aimed to analyze the ability of QLCs to reduce random blood sugar levels using experimental animals as clinical models. The research method used was exploratory, which used a before-after test model, and observations were made on the random blood sugar levels after treatment. Secondary metabolites were extracted from BD leaves, which were then screened. Diabetes was induced in 30 rats (Rattus norvegicus) by the administration of streptozotocin at 0.045 mg/g body weight daily for 2 days. The antidiabetic effects of the secondary metabolite at doses of 0.5 mg/kg body weight (twice a day) when administered orally for up to 5 days were tested in diabetic rats. The random sugar levels (mg/dL) were measured using a One Touch Ultra Plus medical device for observation of randomized blood sugar levels. Results and novelty: The results revealed that the secondary metabolite, as an analyte from the BD leaf extract, can significantly reduce random blood sugar levels. The secondary metabolite extracted from BD, could be used to treat diabetes in rats.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Rats; Hypoglycemic Agents; Quercetin; Blood Glucose; Male; Plant Extracts; Mistletoe; Administration, Oral; Plant Leaves
PubMed: 38943615
DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2024.2372090 -
Molekuliarnaia Biologiia 2024Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine, MEL) is a hormone synthesized by the pineal gland. Due to its oncostatic effect, it can be considered as an antitumor agent and...
Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine, MEL) is a hormone synthesized by the pineal gland. Due to its oncostatic effect, it can be considered as an antitumor agent and used for combination therapy. ABT-737, a Bcl-2 inhibitor, promotes cell death after treatment with agents that induce pro-apoptotic signals. In the present study, the combined effect of MEL and ABT-737 on changes in proliferative and mitotic activity, mitochondrial membrane potential, intracellular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and cytosolic Ca^(2+) was studied. Moreover, changes in the expression of anti- and pro-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2 and Bax), autophagy markers (LC3A/B (I, II)), endoplasmic reticulum stress markers (chaperones BIP and PDI, CHOP) were studied under these conditions. The effect of MEL together with ABT-737 led to an increase in the level of cytosolic Ca^(2+), intracellular production of ROS and a decrease in the membrane potential of mitochondria. The content of Bcl-2 increased, while the level of Bax decreased. Activation of CHOP stimulated autophagy and led to a decrease in the synthesis of chaperones BIP and PDI. It is assumed that melatonin can enhance the effect of other chemotherapeutic agents and can be used in the treatment of tumors.
Topics: Humans; Sulfonamides; Melatonin; Nitrophenols; Piperazines; Biphenyl Compounds; Reactive Oxygen Species; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial; Apoptosis; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; THP-1 Cells; bcl-2-Associated X Protein; Drug Synergism; Autophagy; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress; Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP; Cell Proliferation; Microtubule-Associated Proteins; Calcium; Neoplasm Proteins; Transcription Factor CHOP
PubMed: 38943585
DOI: No ID Found