-
Journal of Nepal Health Research Council Sep 2023In Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media, mucosal type, most common organisms are Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus species (P. mirabilis and P. vulgaris). It is important...
BACKGROUND
In Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media, mucosal type, most common organisms are Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus species (P. mirabilis and P. vulgaris). It is important to prescribe culture-directed antibiotics to prevent resistance. This study was conducted to determine the bacteriological profile and drug susceptibility in patient with chronic suppurative otitis media.
METHODS
This is a hospital-based descriptive study done at Gandaki Medical College, Pokhara, Nepal from July 2019 to June 2020. Under aseptic condition, the swab specimens were obtained from patients with history of ear discharge of >12 weeks duration and findings central perforation of the tympanic membrane. The sample was labeled and immediately transferred to the microbiology lab for culture/sensitivity test according to the guidelines of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.
RESULTS
Out of total 127 patients, 48 (37.8%) were male and 79 (62.2%) were female. One hundred and seven samples (84.3%) had positive culture while 20 samples (15.7%) had no growth. Staphylococcus aureus (43%), was the most common isolate followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (23.4%), Proteus mirabilis (9.3%), and Escherichia coli (8.4%). All the organisms isolated were 100% sensitive to imipenem followed by 96.2% sensitive to gentamicin and 95.3% to amikacin.
CONCLUSIONS
Staphylococcus aureus (43%) was the most predominant isolate followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (23.4%), Proteus mirabilis (9.3%), and Escherichia coli (8.4%). Imipenem was the most sensitive antibiotic (100%) followed by gentamicin (96.2%), amikacin (95.3%), and ofloxacin (88.78%).
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Otitis Media, Suppurative; Amikacin; Nepal; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Imipenem; Staphylococcal Infections; Escherichia coli; Gentamicins
PubMed: 37742144
DOI: 10.33314/jnhrc.v21i1.4137 -
Clinical Laboratory Sep 2023We aimed to analyze the infection characteristics of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) and their resistance to antibiotics in patients with diabetic foot and provide...
BACKGROUND
We aimed to analyze the infection characteristics of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) and their resistance to antibiotics in patients with diabetic foot and provide guidance for the use of antibiotics in clinical practice.
METHODS
The clinical data of 737 patients with diabetic foot who were hospitalized at our institution from February 2020 to January 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Purulent secretions were collected from the patient's ulcers and bacterial culture, identification, and drug susceptibility tests were performed. The multidrug resistance (MDR) rate of different bacteria, composition ratio of MDROs, drug resistance characteristics of the main MDROs, distribution characteristics of multidrug-resistant gram-positive cocci and gram-negative bacilli in patients with different Wagner Grades, MDR in patients with different Wagner Grades, bacterial infection rate, and other indicators were analyzed.
RESULTS
Pathogenic bacteria from wound secretions of 505 patients were cultured, and 509 pathogenic bacteria were obtained. Among the pathogenic bacteria, 225 strains were gram-positive cocci, of which 172 (76.44%) were MDROs, and 284 were gram-negative bacilli, of which 232 (81.69%) were MDROs. Among the 404 multidrug-resistant strains, gram-positive cocci and gram-negative bacilli accounted for 42.57% and 57.43%, respectively. The top five dominant MDROs were Staphylococcus aureus (18.56%), coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (10.89%), Escherichia coli (10.15%), Proteus mirabilis (8.17%), Proteus vulgaris (6.19%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (6.19%). Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus were more resistant to penicillin, oxacillin, erythromycin, azithromycin, and clarithromycin, with resistance rates of 50.0 - 95.0%. The resistance rates of E. coli to ampicillin, cefazolin, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone, and cefepime were > 75%. With an increase in Wagner Grade, the proportion of gram-negative bacilli among the pathogenic bacteria of MDROs increased significantly (p < 0.05), as did the infection rate of MDROs in patients with diabetic foot (χ2 = 14.045, p < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
MDROs in patients with diabetic foot are mainly gram-negative bacilli, followed by gram-positive cocci. The drug resistance of various MDROs varies greatly. With the increase in Wagner Grade and MDR of diabetic foot patients, the infection rate of drug-resistant bacteria has increased significantly. Therefore, clinicians should use drugs rationally according to drug sensitivity results.
Topics: Humans; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Diabetic Foot; Coagulase; Escherichia coli; Retrospective Studies; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Staphylococcal Infections; Oxacillin; Staphylococcus; Diabetes Mellitus
PubMed: 37702668
DOI: 10.7754/Clin.Lab.2023.230309 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2023According to WHO, antibiotic resistance is increasing to hazardous levels worldwide. Candidiasis often occurs after taking antibiotics. Therefore, antibiotic resistance...
INTRODUCTION
According to WHO, antibiotic resistance is increasing to hazardous levels worldwide. Candidiasis often occurs after taking antibiotics. Therefore, antibiotic resistance is a global problem and searching for antibacterial agents is necessary.
AIM
To determine the antimicrobial activity of bacterial lysate of DV separately and with plant extracts against bacterial and yeast test cultures.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Antimicrobial activity of Del-Immune V (cell wall and DNA fragments from a DV) separately and with cinnamon, beetroot, and blackcurrant extracts was determined by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Twofold serial dilutions determined the MIC in previously prepared meat-peptone broth (MPB) for bacteria and liquid wort for yeast. In the study, gram-negative ( IEM-1, PА-12, sp. MI-2, 13/2) and gram-positive ( BТ-2, BМС-1) bacteria, as well as yeast ( D-6, PE-2, BVS-65) were used as test cultures.
RESULTS
The MIC for the studied bacterial test cultures after application of DV bacterial lysates was from 1.0 ± 0.05 mg/mL to 12.5 ± 0.63 mg/mL, which was significantly less than that of the thermally inactivated control (MIC from 125.0 ± 6.25 mg/mL to 250.0 ± 12.5 mg/mL). BT-2 culture was the least sensitive to the action of the bacterial lysate (MIC-12.5 ± 0.63 mg/mL). It showed the best antibacterial and antifungal effect bacterial lysate with the phytonutrient blackcurrant.
CONCLUSIONS
It was demonstrated that bacterial lysate of lactic acid bacteria DV exhibits antibacterial and antifungal properties during direct contact with pathogenic agents.
Topics: Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus; Antifungal Agents; Dietary Supplements; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Candida tropicalis
PubMed: 37692171
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1211952 -
Chemistry & Biodiversity Oct 2023The current study was designed to evaluate the antioxidant, anticancer and antimicrobial activities of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) biosynthesized by Spirulina platensis...
The current study was designed to evaluate the antioxidant, anticancer and antimicrobial activities of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) biosynthesized by Spirulina platensis extract. The biosynthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The antioxidant activity of the biosynthesized AgNPs were determined via DPPH radical scavenging assay while its anticancer activity was determined using the MTT assay. The antimicrobial activity of the biosynthesized AgNPs were analyzed by disc diffusion method. Spirulina platensis acts as a reducing and capping agent. The efficacy of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in inhibiting the growth of Gram-negative bacteria, specifically Acetobacter, Klebsiella, Proteus vulgaris, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, was assessed by the utilisation of the diffusion method. The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) against many strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria. The findings of the study revealed that when administered in doses of 50 μl, 75 μl, and 100 μl, the largest observed zone of inhibition corresponded to measurements of 10.5 mm, 14 mm, and 16 mm, respectively. A zone of inhibition with dimensions of 8 mm, 10.5 mm, and 12 mm was detected during testing against Acetobacter at concentrations of 50 μl, 75 μl, and 100 μl, respectively. The findings also indicate that there is a positive correlation between the concentration of AgNP and the DPPH scavenging ability of silver nanoparticles. The percentage of inhibition observed at concentrations of 500 μg/ml, 400 μg/ml, 300 μg/ml, 200 μg/ml, and 100 μg/ml were recorded as 80±1.98, 61±1.98, 52±1.5, 42±1.99, and 36±1.97, respectively. In addition, it was observed that the silver nanoparticles exhibited the greatest antioxidant activity at a concentration of 500 g/ml, with a measured value of 80.89±1.99. The IC-50 values, representing the inhibitory concentration required to achieve 50 % inhibition, were found to be 8.16, 19.15, 30.14, 41.13, and 63.11 at inhibition levels of 36±1.97, 42±1.99, 52±1.5, 61±1.98, and 80±1.98, respectively.
PubMed: 37647307
DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301068 -
Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences Sep 2023This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial and cytotoxic activity of 03 medicinal plants, , and from Cholistan desert, Pakistan. The active constituents of...
This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial and cytotoxic activity of 03 medicinal plants, , and from Cholistan desert, Pakistan. The active constituents of plants species were extracted in 05 different solvents and the extracts were tested against various bacterial strains and brine shrimps. Although all 's extracts except chloroform were active against the most active was the acetone extract (21 ± 0.00 mm at 200 μg/disc) and activity was better than Caricef (p-value 0.03). While its water extract was more potent (18 ± 1.45 mm at 200 μg/disc) than Augmentin and Caricef (p-value < 0.005). The methanol extract's activity (15 ± 0.39 mm in 200 μg/disc) was comparable to Fucidin against (p-value > 0.99) and activity of diethyl ether extract against (10 ± 1.16 mm in 200 μg/disc) was same as of Urixin (p-value 0.91)'s acetone extract against (10 ± 0.15 mm in 1 μg/disc) was more active than Augmentin Caricef and Cefotax (p-value < 0.02) and against (15 ± 1.15 mm in 200 μg/disc) activity was higher than Caricef (p-value 0.03). All 's extracts except water extract were found active against However, the diethyl ether extract was most effective (25 + 0.00 mm at 150 μg /disc) and activity was more than Augmentin, Oxy-tetracycline, Fucidin, Urixin, Ceftriaxone (p-value < 0.05). Although all extracts were exhibited cytotoxic activity, the 's acetone extract (100%), 's diethyl ether extract (90%) and 's methanol extract (100%) were most active at 1000 μg/ml concentration. This study validated the medicinal significance of the studied plants and thus opens the way for their therapeutic applications.
PubMed: 37583872
DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103750 -
Journal of Advanced Veterinary and... Jun 2023In this work, the effect of probiotics on the state of the microbial background of the livestock building, on the state of udder teats, and on the prevalence of latent...
OBJECTIVE
In this work, the effect of probiotics on the state of the microbial background of the livestock building, on the state of udder teats, and on the prevalence of latent mastitis was investigated. Long-term use of the consortium has bactericidal activity against all cultures studied, especially the causative agent of mastitis, , except , , and .
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The washes from animal housings and milk samples were collected from the dairy farms "Astana-Onim" Joint Stock Company and "Rodina" Limited Liability Partnership (Kazakhstan). The cleaning solutions and probiotic agents were applied directly to the udder teats of cows before and after milking. Diagnosis of subclinical mastitis was performed using the Kenotest rapid mastitis test. Directly counting the number of somatic cells in the collected milk samples from each cow was performed on a somatic cell counter.
RESULTS
Pathogenic microorganisms, including bacteria (50% of samples) and bacteria of the group, , and (36% of samples), were detected on the udder skin and milk wipes. Using a consortium of probiotic microorganisms positively affects the mammary gland more quickly than using mastitis prevention agents alone. Probiotic use for a month resulted in a significant improvement in udder teat condition, with 60.7% of teats showing normal physiological reaction to milking, a decrease in complicated hyperkeratosis, and an increase in uncomplicated mastitis. The studies showed that in the experimental group, there was a 1.5-fold reduction in the number of cows with clinically pronounced mastitis. The experimental group showed no significant changes in the number of animals with high somatic cell levels before and after the study, while the control group without probiotics had a significant increase in diseased animals after 1 month.
CONCLUSION
The use of a probiotic consortium has shown promising results in reducing the incidence of mastitis and improving milk quality in cows.
PubMed: 37534073
DOI: 10.5455/javar.2023.j668 -
International Journal of Biological... Oct 2023Multiple antibiotic resistances have increased gradually in many classes of antibiotics among the gram negative organisms like Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus vulgaris...
Characterization of bioactive compound isolated from Micromonospora marina KPMS1 and its activity against emerging antibiotics resistant strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae HAUTI7 and Proteus vulgaris HAUTI14.
Multiple antibiotic resistances have increased gradually in many classes of antibiotics among the gram negative organisms like Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus vulgaris which are the major causes of infection among worldwide. Nearly a hundred urine samples were collected, among them 16 urine samples were having plasmid and its resistant to various antibiotics. This present investigation has determined the resistant plasmid pattern of multi drug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus vulgaris from urinary tract site isolated from hospital patients. The detection and characterization of antimicrobial metabolite derived from marine sediments that produce potent activity against multidrug resistant pathogen. The 16S rRNA sequencing results and phylogeny showed that the resistant bacteria belong to the genera of Klebsiella pneumoniae HAUTI7 and Proteus vulgaris HAUTI14. The antibacterial activity and the characterization of bioactive compound like FT-IR and NMR studies were performed to analyze the structural elucidation of active compounds derived from marine source Micromonospora marina KPMS1. The 16S rRNA sequences of Micromonospora marina KPMS1was deposited in the Gen bank with the accession number MH036351. The effective bioactive compound derived from marine sediments are virtually unlimited interest that control the emerging multiple antibiotic resistant strains.
PubMed: 37532185
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125954 -
Food and Chemical Toxicology : An... Sep 2023This study examined the ethanolic extract of the Satureja hortensis L. plant's aerial parts to describe its phytochemical makeup, biological functions, toxicity tests,...
Novel landmarks on the journey from natural products to pharmaceutical formulations: Phytochemical, biological, toxicological and computational activities of Satureja hortensis L.
This study examined the ethanolic extract of the Satureja hortensis L. plant's aerial parts to describe its phytochemical makeup, biological functions, toxicity tests, and in-silico molecular docking tests. The GC-MS analysis was used to evaluate the phytochemical composition of the tested extract, and the ABTS and hydrogen peroxide antioxidant assays were used to measure antioxidant activity. Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Proteus vulgaris were tested for antimicrobial potential. On cell lines such as HepG-2, MCF-7, A-549, and Panc-1, the in-vitro toxicity was also examined. The A-549 cell line was also used for flow cytometry analysis of apoptosis and cell cycle. Additionally, the compounds discovered by the GC-MS analysis were used in silico tests against biological targets. Eight different phytocompounds were tentatively identified as a result of the GC-MS analysis. The compounds also demonstrated significant antioxidant potential for the ABTS and HO assays (IC: 2.44 and 28.04 μg/ml, respectively). The tested extract was found to have a range of inhibition zones and to be significantly active against the tested bacterial and fungal strains. Apoptosis and cell cycle analysis for the A-549 cell line showed that the cell cycle was arrested at S-phase, and the extract was also found to be most active against this cell line with an IC value of 113.05 μg/ml. The docking studies have emphasized the compounds' interactions and binding scores with the EGFR-TK target as determined by the GC-MS.
Topics: Satureja; Antioxidants; Hydrogen Peroxide; Biological Products; Drug Compounding; Molecular Docking Simulation; Phytochemicals; Candida albicans; Plant Extracts; Escherichia coli; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 37517548
DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113969 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jul 2023The aim of the study was to search for, isolate and characterize new bacteriolytic enzymes that show promising potential for their use in medicine, agriculture and...
The aim of the study was to search for, isolate and characterize new bacteriolytic enzymes that show promising potential for their use in medicine, agriculture and veterinary. Using a transcriptomic analysis, we annotated in VKM B-2533 the genes of known bacteriolytic and antifungal enzymes, as well as of antibiotics, whose expression levels increased when cultivated on media conducive to the production of antimicrobial agents. The genes of the secreted putative bacteriolytic proteases were also annotated. Two new bacteriolytic proteases, Serp and Serp3, were isolated and characterized. The maximum bacteriolytic activities of Serp and Serp3 were exhibited at low ionic strength of 10 mM Tris-HCl, and high temperatures of, respectively, 80 °C and 70 °C. The pH optimum for Serp was 8.0; for Serp3, it was slightly acidic, at 6.0. Both enzymes hydrolyzed autoclaved cells of Ac-2230, H-19, and 209P. Serp also digested cells of 217. Both enzymes hydrolyzed casein and azofibrin. The newly discovered enzymes are promising for developing proteolytic antimicrobial drugs on their basis.
Topics: Peptide Hydrolases; Transcriptome; Endopeptidases; Staphylococcus aureus; Anti-Infective Agents
PubMed: 37511410
DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411652 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jul 2023The seafood industry plays a huge role in the blue economy, exploiting the advantage of the enriched protein content of marine organisms such as shrimps and molluscs,...
The seafood industry plays a huge role in the blue economy, exploiting the advantage of the enriched protein content of marine organisms such as shrimps and molluscs, which are cultured in aquafarms. Diseases greatly affect these aquatic organisms in culture and, hence, there is need to study, in detail, their innate immune mechanisms. Hemocyanin is a non-specific innate defense molecule present in the blood cells of several invertebrates, especially molluscs, arthropods, and annelids. It is concerned with oxygen transport, blood clotting, and immune enhancement. In the present study, this macromolecular metalloprotein was isolated from the hemolymph of the marine snail (Born, 1778) using Sephadex G-100 gel filtration column chromatography. It occurred as a single band (MW 80 kDa) on SDS-PAGE. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of the purified hemocyanin showed a single peak with a retention time of 4.3 min. The secondary structure and stability of the protein were detected using circular dichroism (CD), and the spectra demonstrated negative ellipticity bands close to 208 nm and 225 nm, indicating β-sheets. Further exploration of the purified hemocyanin revealed remarkable antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities against Gram-positive ( and ) and Gram-negative bacteria ( and ) at a concentration of 1-5 μg/mL. Spectrophotometric and in situ microscopic analyses (CLSM) unveiled the potential of the purified hemocyanin to inhibit biofilm formation in these bacteria with a minimal inhibitory concentration of 40 μg/mL. Furthermore, hemocyanin (10 μg/mL concentration) displayed antifungal activity against . The purified hemocyanin was also assessed for cytotoxicity against human cancer cells using cell viability assays. Altogether, the present study shows that molluscan hemocyanin is a potential antimicrobial, antibiofilm, antifungal, anticancer, and immunomodulatory agent, with great scope for application in the enhancement of the immune system of molluscs, thereby facilitating their aquaculture.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Hemocyanins; Antifungal Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Bacteria; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Biofilms; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 37511256
DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411494