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Foods (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024In the last decade, "expressions" of grape marc spirits aged in wooden barrels of characteristic amber color and complex sensory attributes have been introduced. Yet...
In the last decade, "expressions" of grape marc spirits aged in wooden barrels of characteristic amber color and complex sensory attributes have been introduced. Yet studies on constituents migrating from the barrel to the beverage are scarce, and their metabolic profile remains unexplored. Furthermore, the literature on the assessment of their antioxidant activity is limited. NMR metabolomics and spectrophotometry have been implemented in 38 samples to elucidate the impact of the aging procedure on the metabolites' composition and establish whether these beverages exhibit antioxidant activity. Provenance was related to fusel alcohols, esters, acetaldehyde, methanol, saccharides, and 2-phenylethanol, while ethyl acetate and ethyl lactate contributed to discriminating samples of the same winery. Identified metabolites such as vanillin, syringaldehyde, and sinapaldehyde were related to the aging procedure. The maturation in the barrel was also associated with an increase in xylose, glucose, fructose, and arabinose. The antioxidant potential of the aged Greek grape marc spirits resulting from their maturation in oak barrels was highlighted. The metabolic profiling and antioxidant potential of aged Greek grape marc spirits were assessed for the first time. Finally, the enrichment of the aromatic region was noted with the presence of metabolites with a furanic and phenolic ring derived, respectively, from the polysaccharides' degradation or the thermal decomposition of lignin.
PubMed: 38890893
DOI: 10.3390/foods13111664 -
BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) Jun 2024
Topics: Humans; Sepsis; Early Diagnosis; Practice Guidelines as Topic
PubMed: 38889923
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.q1173 -
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao = the... May 2024To understand the responses of radial growth of from different provenances to climatic factors, we used the dendrochronological method to establish the standard...
To understand the responses of radial growth of from different provenances to climatic factors, we used the dendrochronological method to establish the standard chronologies of from 20 provenances in Maoershan provenance test forest, and analyzed the differences in radial growth and their correlation with climate factors. The results showed that the overall trend of chronologies from 20 provenances was generally similar. There were differences in growth amplitude, with the average radial growth of from Dailing, Lushuihe and Sanchazi being the highest. The radial growth of from 20 provenances was significantly positively correlated with the highest temperature in July and the average temperature in July except for Huinan. The radial growth of from 14 provenances was significantly positively correlated with the precipitation in August. The radial growth of was constrained by temperature and precipitation during the growing season. There was difference in radial growth among from different provenances under drought stress. from Wangqing, Dailing, and Hailin had stronger resistance to drought, while that from Wandianzi, Zhanhe, and Xinglong had better recovery ability after drought.
Topics: Fraxinus; China; Climate; Ecosystem; Droughts; Temperature; Plant Stems
PubMed: 38886413
DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202405.004 -
ArXiv Jun 2024Limited universally adopted data standards in veterinary science hinders data interoperability and therefore integration and comparison; this ultimately impedes...
BACKGROUND –
Limited universally adopted data standards in veterinary science hinders data interoperability and therefore integration and comparison; this ultimately impedes application of existing information-based tools to support advancement in veterinary diagnostics, treatments, and precision medicine.
HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES –
Creation of a Vertebrate Breed Ontology (VBO) as a single, coherent logic-based standard for documenting breed names in animal health, production and research-related records will improve data use capabilities in veterinary and comparative medicine.
ANIMALS –
No live animals were used in this study.
METHODS –
A list of breed names and related information was compiled from relevant sources, organizations, communities, and experts using manual and computational approaches to create VBO. Each breed is represented by a VBO term that includes all provenance and the breed's related information as metadata. VBO terms are classified using description logic to allow computational applications and Artificial Intelligence-readiness.
RESULTS –
VBO is an open, community-driven ontology representing over 19,000 livestock and companion animal breeds covering 41 species. Breeds are classified based on community and expert conventions (e.g., horse breed, cattle breed). This classification is supported by relations to the breeds' genus and species indicated by NCBI Taxonomy terms. Relationships between VBO terms, e.g. relating breeds to their foundation stock, provide additional context to support advanced data analytics. VBO term metadata includes common names and synonyms, breed identifiers/codes, and attributed cross-references to other databases.
CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE –
Veterinary data interoperability and computability can be enhanced by the adoption of VBO as a source of standard breed names in databases and veterinary electronic health records.
PubMed: 38883236
DOI: No ID Found -
Nature Communications Jun 2024Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs) are associated with global warming and carbon cycle perturbations during Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 (OAE2, ~94 Ma) and the Mid-Cenomanian...
Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs) are associated with global warming and carbon cycle perturbations during Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 (OAE2, ~94 Ma) and the Mid-Cenomanian Event (MCE, ~96.5 Ma). However, there is still no consensus on the role volcanism played as a trigger, or its source - previously ascribed to the Caribbean LIP or High Arctic LIP. Here, we use Mentelle Basin sedimentary mercury (Hg) concentrations to determine the timing of volcanism, and neodymium (Nd) and strontium (Sr) isotopes for sedimentary provenance. High Hg concentrations compared to Northern Hemisphere records, and a shift to radiogenic Nd isotopes, indicates Kerguelen LIP volcanic activity and plateau uplift occurred in the lead up to and within OAE2. Whilst we find limited evidence that a volcanic event caused the MCE, pulsed Hg spikes before and during OAE2 imply volcanic emissions were key in driving climate and carbon cycle changes and triggering OAE2.
PubMed: 38879504
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49032-3 -
The Science of the Total Environment Jun 2024Quantifying the source contributions of sediments in large fluvial systems with active wind erosion problems has crucial implications for understanding morphological...
Quantifying the source contributions of sediments in large fluvial systems with active wind erosion problems has crucial implications for understanding morphological evolution and ecological progression in the Earth system. Much effort have been focused on characterizing sediments of the Yellow River, but quantitation of the sediment source proportions at the basin-wide scale is lacking. To this end, the research aims to quantitatively elucidate the potential source contributions of sediments in the Yellow River based on geochemical characteristics and sediment fingerprinting technique, in order to identify sedimentary mixing effect and propose sustainable development strategies. In total, samples of four source groups (n = 107) and target floodplain sediments (n = 61) were collected and tested for elemental composition, grain size, magnetic susceptibility, and quartz grain microtextures. The results indicated that the optimal tracer combination was determined as P, Zn, and Ca. The average contributions of the "Tibetan Plateau", "Sandy deserts-Loess Plateau", "Loess Plateau", and "Loess Plateau-Qinling Mountains" source groups to the target sediments were 23.0 %, 21.5 %, 31.6 %, and 23.9 %, respectively. The accuracy of source apportionments was supported by the goodness of fit (GOF) and virtual mixtures tests. Meanwhile, large amounts of debris from surrounding mountains was transported to the Loess Plateau through fluvial processes and ultimately mixed with aeolian deposits, leading to sedimentary mixing effect. To maintain water balance and minimize erosion risk, the drought-resistant perennial planting and moderate grazing were recommended. The findings are instrumental in promoting soil and water conservation and disclosing fluvial and aeolian interaction on a global scale.
PubMed: 38879038
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173959 -
BMC Genomic Data Jun 2024Forest geneticists typically use provenances to account for population differences in their improvement schemes; however, the historical records of the imported...
Implications of accounting for marker-based population structure in the quantitative genetic evaluation of genetic parameters related to growth and wood properties in Norway spruce.
BACKGROUND
Forest geneticists typically use provenances to account for population differences in their improvement schemes; however, the historical records of the imported materials might not be very precise or well-aligned with the genetic clusters derived from advanced molecular techniques. The main objective of this study was to assess the impact of marker-based population structure on genetic parameter estimates related to growth and wood properties and their trade-offs in Norway spruce, by either incorporating it as a fixed effect (model-A) or excluding it entirely from the analysis (model-B).
RESULTS
Our results indicate that models incorporating population structure significantly reduce estimates of additive genetic variance, resulting in substantial reduction of narrow-sense heritability. However, these models considerably improve prediction accuracies. This was particularly significant for growth and solid-wood properties, which showed to have the highest population genetic differentiation (Q) among the studied traits. Additionally, although the pattern of correlations remained similar across the models, their magnitude was slightly lower for models that included population structure as a fixed effect. This suggests that selection, consistently performed within populations, might be less affected by unfavourable genetic correlations compared to mass selection conducted without pedigree restrictions.
CONCLUSION
We conclude that the results of models properly accounting for population structure are more accurate and less biased compared to those neglecting this effect. This might have practical implications for breeders and forest managers where, decisions based on imprecise selections can pose a high risk to economic efficiency.
Topics: Picea; Wood; Genetic Markers; Models, Genetic; Genetics, Population; Genetic Variation
PubMed: 38877416
DOI: 10.1186/s12863-024-01241-x -
Value in Health : the Journal of the... Jun 2024This ISPOR Good Practices report provides a framework for assessing the suitability of electronic health records data for use in health technology assessments (HTAs)....
This ISPOR Good Practices report provides a framework for assessing the suitability of electronic health records data for use in health technology assessments (HTAs). Although electronic health record (EHR) data can fill evidence gaps and improve decisions, several important limitations can affect its validity and relevance. The ISPOR framework includes 2 components: data delineation and data fitness for purpose. Data delineation provides a complete understanding of the data and an assessment of its trustworthiness by describing (1) data characteristics; (2) data provenance; and (3) data governance. Fitness for purpose comprises (1) data reliability items, ie, how accurate and complete the estimates are for answering the question at hand and (2) data relevance items, which assess how well the data are suited to answer the particular question from a decision-making perspective. The report includes a checklist specific to EHR data reporting: the ISPOR SUITABILITY Checklist. It also provides recommendations for HTA agencies and policy makers to improve the use of EHR-derived data over time. The report concludes with a discussion of limitations and future directions in the field, including the potential impact from the substantial and rapid advances in the diffusion and capabilities of large language models and generative artificial intelligence. The report's immediate audiences are HTA evidence developers and users. We anticipate that it will also be useful to other stakeholders, particularly regulators and manufacturers, in the future.
Topics: Electronic Health Records; Technology Assessment, Biomedical; Checklist; Humans; Reproducibility of Results; Advisory Committees; Decision Making
PubMed: 38871437
DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2024.01.019 -
Journal of School Psychology Jun 2024There has been a substantial increase in the number of students with mental health needs, yet significant discrepancies exist in access to timely intervention.... (Review)
Review
There has been a substantial increase in the number of students with mental health needs, yet significant discrepancies exist in access to timely intervention. Traditional gatekeeping to intervention has been the provenance of single information sources. Multi-informant decision-making is a promising mechanism to improve equitable access. However, critical advancements are necessary to improve decision-making relating to (a) who is identified, (b) what type of need is determined, (c) the type of intervention necessary, and (d) where or under what circumstances to implement the intervention. We review critical components of effective mental health decision-making, contributors to inequities in school mental health services, and offer future directions for research and practice to increase equitable student outcomes.
Topics: Humans; Decision Making; Health Services Accessibility; School Mental Health Services; Students; Schools; Adolescent; Child
PubMed: 38871419
DOI: 10.1016/j.jsp.2024.101310 -
BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) Jun 2024call for greater use of this inexpensive generic drug that can improve surgical outcomes, avoid unnecessary blood transfusion, and conserve blood stocks
call for greater use of this inexpensive generic drug that can improve surgical outcomes, avoid unnecessary blood transfusion, and conserve blood stocks
Topics: Tranexamic Acid; Humans; Antifibrinolytic Agents; Blood Loss, Surgical
PubMed: 38866414
DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2024-079444