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World Journal of Microbiology &... Aug 2020The study aimed to investigate the efficiency of exogenous bacterial consortium (Enterobacter cloacae and Pseudomonas otitidis) decorated (immobilized) with FeO...
The study aimed to investigate the efficiency of exogenous bacterial consortium (Enterobacter cloacae and Pseudomonas otitidis) decorated (immobilized) with FeO Nanoparticles for the treatment of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated wastewater. Glycine coated magnetite Nanoparticles (FeO NPs) were prepared using reverse co-precipitation method and were characterized using X-ray diffraction, transmission and scanning electron microscopy and vibrating sample magnetometer. They were used to decorate exogenous bacterial consortium (Enterobacter cloacae and Pseudomonas otitidis) at 3 different FeO/bacteria ratios (1:1, 1:3 and 3:1 w/w). Bioremediation of oil contaminated wastewater collected from one of the petroleum distribution companies, Alexandria was conducted for 168 h using FeO/bacterial association at the best ratio (3:1) and compared with non-decorated consortium and the indigenous bacteria in the control. Analysis indicated crystalline structure of FeO NPs with spherical particles (size: 15-20 nm) and superparamagnetic properties. Glycine modified-FeO exhibited high ability to immobilize bacteria which acquired its magnetic properties. The highest coating efficiency (92%) was achieved at 3:1 FeO/bacteria ratio after 1 h. This ratio positively affected bacterial growth reaching the highest growth rate (5.07 fold higher than the control) after 4 h. The highest removal efficiencies of the total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demands (COD), oil and grease (O&G) and total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) recording 96, 65.4, 83.9 and 85% reaching residual concentrations of 9.5, 598, 99 and 60 mg/l respectively were achieved after 4 h by the FeO-bacteria assembly. Compared with the maximum permissible limits of the tested parameters, TSS residue was highly compiled with its limit (50 mg/l), while COD, O&G and TPH were 7.5, 9.9, and 120-folds higher than their limits (100, 15 and 0.5 mg/l respectively). To the best of our knowledge it is first time to use integrated Enterobacter cloacae and Pseudomonas otitidis consortium decorated with FeO NPs for the treatment of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated wastewater. The proposed system proved to be a very efficient, economical and applicable for the removal of the included contaminants in very short running time which increases its biotechnological added value.
Topics: Bacteria; Biodegradation, Environmental; Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis; Ferrosoferric Oxide; Hydrocarbons; Immobilization; Magnetite Nanoparticles; Microbial Consortia; Nanoparticles; Petroleum; Pseudomonas; Wastewater; Water Purification; X-Ray Diffraction
PubMed: 32813039
DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02915-1 -
Microbiological Research Nov 2020In this study, we have attempted to develop a plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) consortia against early-stage diseases in Arachis hypogaea (Groundnut crop)...
In this study, we have attempted to develop a plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) consortia against early-stage diseases in Arachis hypogaea (Groundnut crop) plantation of Andhra Pradesh, India. The dominant PGPRs were selected by considering the various plant growth and protection qualities, followed by characterisation and grouping based on compatibility to form a consortium of PGPRs [Group-1 includes EX-1 (Acinetobacter baumannii stain HAMBI 1846); EX-3 (Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain A1K319); EX-5 (Bacillus subterraneus strain CF1.9); KNL-1 (Bacillus subtilis strain JMP-B); CTR-4 (Enterobacter cloacae strain VITKJ1); ANT-4 (Bacillus subtilis strain SBMP4) and Group-2 includes EX-4 (Pseudomonas otitidis strain SLC8); KDP-4 (Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain Kasamber 11); NLR-4 (Bacillus species ADMK68); ANT-6 (Bacillus subtilis subsp. inaquosorum strain KCTC 13429)]. In addition to resistance to early stage pathogens, in both in vitro and pot experiments the PGPR consortium showed significantly higher germination rate and root induction (Aspergillus niger; A. flavus; Fusarium oxysporum) when compared to control and fertilizer treated groups. In addition, Group 2 was more successful in stimulating and protecting plant growth among the two groups of PGPRs developed. The PGPR consortia developed showed multiple plant growth characteristics, including phosphate solubilization, production of HCN and Indole acetic acid along with broad antagonism against the tested phytopathogens.
Topics: Acinetobacter baumannii; Arachis; Aspergillus; Aspergillus niger; Bacillus; Bacillus subtilis; Enterobacter cloacae; Fertilizers; Fusarium; India; Indoleacetic Acids; Pest Control; Plant Development; Plant Diseases; Pseudomonas; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seeds; Soil Microbiology
PubMed: 32739583
DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2020.126562 -
Microbiology Resource Announcements Apr 2020We isolated strain MrB4 from the near-shore area of Lake Biwa in Japan and generated its complete genome sequence. MrB4 possesses a single circular chromosome of...
We isolated strain MrB4 from the near-shore area of Lake Biwa in Japan and generated its complete genome sequence. MrB4 possesses a single circular chromosome of 6,089,454 bp, with ∼97% average nucleotide identity to the type strain MCC10330 (draft genome).
PubMed: 32299875
DOI: 10.1128/MRA.00148-20 -
Archives of Microbiology Jul 2020L-asparaginase (E.C.3.5.1.1) is an important enzyme that has been purified and characterized for over decades to study and evaluate its anti-carcinogenic activity... (Review)
Review
L-asparaginase (E.C.3.5.1.1) is an important enzyme that has been purified and characterized for over decades to study and evaluate its anti-carcinogenic activity against different lymphoproliferative disorders such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and Hodgkin's lymphoma. The ability of the enzyme to convert L-asparagine into aspartic acid and ammonia is the reason behind its anti-cancerous activity. Apart from its medicinal uses, it is widely used in food industry to tackle acrylamide, a probable human carcinogen and, production in carbohydrate-rich foods cooked at high temperatures. There are variety of organisms including microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, algae, and plants that produce L-asparaginase. The enzyme obtained from different microbial and plant sources have different physiochemical properties and kinetic parameters. L-asparaginases have an optimum pH range between 6 and 10 and an optimum temperature between 37 and 85 °C. This article has reviewed the lowest molecular mass for L-asparaginase in Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Q66CJ2 which is 36.27 kDa, while the highest for Pseudomonas otitidis which has a molecular mass of 205 ± 3 kDa. This review is an attempt to summarize most of the available sources, their phylogenetic relationships, purification methods, data regarding different physiochemical and kinetic properties of L-asparaginase.
Topics: Ammonia; Asparaginase; Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; Bacteria; Fungi; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Phylogeny; Plants; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma
PubMed: 32052094
DOI: 10.1007/s00203-020-01814-1 -
International Health Sep 2020The present study was carried out to investigate the tap water quality of public toilets in Amritsar, Punjab, India.
BACKGROUND
The present study was carried out to investigate the tap water quality of public toilets in Amritsar, Punjab, India.
METHODS
Water samples from the taps of the public toilets were collected in sterile containers and physicochemical and bacteriological analysis was performed using standard methods. Also, genotypic and phenotypic characterization of the bacterial isolates was performed using different biochemical tests and 16S ribosomal RNA analysis. An antibiotic susceptibility test was performed using antibiotics based on their mode of action. A biofilm assay was performed to assess the adhesion potential of the isolates.
RESULTS
A total of 25 bacterial isolates were identified from the water samples, including Acinetobacter junii, Acinetobacter pittii, Acinetobacter haemolyticus, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus marisflavi, Bacillus flexus, Bacillus oceanisediminis, Pseudomonas otitidis, Pseudomonas sp. RR013, Pseudomonas sp. RR021, Pseudomonas sp. RR022, Escherichia coli and Enterobacter cloacae. The results of the antimicrobial susceptibility test revealed that the antibiotics cefodroxil, aztreonam, nitrofurantoin, cefepime, ceftazidime and amoxyclav were found to be mostly ineffective against various isolates. The biofilm assay revealed the weak, moderate and strong biofilm producers among them.
CONCLUSIONS
The tap water in the public toilets was microbially contaminated and needs to be monitored carefully. The antibiotic susceptibility profile showed that of 25 bacterial isolates, 5 were multidrug resistant. Bacterial isolates exhibited strong to weak adhesion potential in the biofilm assay.
Topics: Acinetobacter; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacillus; Bacterial Infections; Bathroom Equipment; Biofilms; Genotype; Humans; India; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Phenotype; Pseudomonas; Water; Water Microbiology
PubMed: 31693132
DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihz074 -
Journal of Global Antimicrobial... Jun 2020The presence of carbapenemase-producing bacterial isolates is found not only in hospital and community settings but also in the environment. Carbapenemase production may...
OBJECTIVES
The presence of carbapenemase-producing bacterial isolates is found not only in hospital and community settings but also in the environment. Carbapenemase production may be related to acquired, usually plasmid-borne, β-lactamase genes or to chromosomal genes intrinsic to various species. The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of such carbapenemase-producing bacterial isolates among environmental samples from Nigeria.
METHODS
A total of 122 environmental samples were plated on carbapenem-containing media. A total of 259 isolates were recovered, among which 124 were carbapenemase-producers according to the results of the Rapidec® Carba NP test.
RESULTS
The majority of isolates (n=112) recovered corresponded to natural producers of carbapenemases, i.e. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (n=108), Burkholderia cepacia (n=1), Shewanella sp. (n=1), Sphingobacterium sp. (n=1) and Chryseobacterium gleum (n=1). Ten isolates (mainly Enterobacteriaceae and Acinetobacter baumannii) produced an acquired carbapenemase, most commonly of the NDM type. In addition, two Pseudomonas otitidis isolates were identified as producing the Ambler class B carbapenemase POM-1, further confirming that this carbapenemase is naturally produced in this environmental species. Finally, several isolates co-producing 16S rRNA methylases (ArmA, RmtC) and/or extended-spectrum β-lactamases (CTX-M-9, CTX-M-15) were also identified.
CONCLUSION
This study revealed the presence and diversity of clinically-relevant antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in the environment in Nigeria.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Chryseobacterium; Nigeria; Pseudomonas; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; beta-Lactamases
PubMed: 31639547
DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2019.10.014 -
Water Environment Research : a Research... Dec 2019More than 2.1 billion people worldwide are deprived of safe drinking water at homes. The situation is strikingly worse in a developing country like Pakistan where over...
More than 2.1 billion people worldwide are deprived of safe drinking water at homes. The situation is strikingly worse in a developing country like Pakistan where over 69% of the population does not have access to safe drinking water. The present study evaluated a perenial herb, Typha angustata (TA), to purify the spring water. For this purpose, 25 water samples were collected. Majority of samples (20/25) were highly contaminated with microbes ranging colony forming units (CFU) per millileter per Petri dish ranged from 85 to 279 with an average of 136.4. Microbial inhibition of water samples treated with the nonmodified plant extract was observed to be better with the average of 55.5% compared to the treatment with NaOH chemically modified plant where average 46.4% inhibition of microbial load was observed. Four species of microbes such as Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas otitidis, and Streptococcus agalactiae were identified after sequencing. We concluded that T. angustata extract may be used as an antibacterial agent/biosorbent for the purification of drinking water to provide safe drinking water to billions of humans. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Spring water samples were collected from 25 different springs. Spring water samples were analyzed for physiochemical parameters. Spring water samples were found to be contaminated with pathogenic bacteria, that is, Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas otitidis, and Streptococcus agalactiae. Pathogenic bacteria in spring water samples were treated with extract of Typha angustata. Extract of Typha angustata was found as a potential antibacterial agent against pathogenic bacteria.
Topics: Bacteria; Humans; Pakistan; Typhaceae; Water Microbiology; Water Supply
PubMed: 31306534
DOI: 10.1002/wer.1182 -
Canadian Journal of Microbiology Apr 2019An important mechanism for microbial resistance to mercury is its reduction into elemental mercury (facilitated by the merA gene). Thirty-eight microbial isolates from a...
An important mechanism for microbial resistance to mercury is its reduction into elemental mercury (facilitated by the merA gene). Thirty-eight microbial isolates from a variety of wastewater sources in Egypt were collected. Approximately 14 of the 38 isolates exhibited not only a high degree of tolerance to mercury (up to 160 ppm) but also a high degree of resistance to other tested heavy metals (Cu, Co, Ni, and Zn). From these 14, the 10 most resistant isolates were selected for further study and were found to include 9 Gram-negative and 1 Gram-positive bacterial strains. Multi-antibiotic-resistance profiles were detected for 6 out of the 10 selected isolates. All the tested Gram-negative isolates (n = 9) harbored a plasmid-encoded merA gene. The mercury removal effectiveness for the 10 selected isolates ranged between 50% and 99.9%, among which Stenotrophomonas maltophilia ADW10 recorded the highest rate (99.9%; at an initial mercury concentration of 20 ppm). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to (i) demonstrate the presence of a multimetal-resistant S. maltophilia bacterium with a high mercury tolerance capacity that would make it a suitable candidate for future bioremediation efforts in heavy-metal-polluted areas in Egypt and (ii) report Pseudomonas otitidis as one of the mercury-resistant bacteria.
Topics: Biodegradation, Environmental; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Egypt; Genes, Bacterial; Mercury; Metals, Heavy; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Oxidoreductases; Plasmids; Pseudomonas; Stenotrophomonas maltophilia; Wastewater; Water Microbiology; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 30633555
DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2018-0379 -
Journal of Global Antimicrobial... Dec 2016
Topics: Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Fasciitis, Necrotizing; Humans; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Peritonitis; Pseudomonas; Pseudomonas Infections; Republic of Korea; beta-Lactamases
PubMed: 27835844
DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2016.09.006 -
Biochimie Feb 2016Asparaginase is an important antineoplastic drug extensively used for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, but the intrinsic glutaminase activity of this...
Asparaginase is an important antineoplastic drug extensively used for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, but the intrinsic glutaminase activity of this enzymatic drug is responsible for several life threatening side effects. This study describes the purification and characterization of glutaminase free asparaginase from Pseudomonas otitidis. The purified enzyme exhibited molecular mass of approximately 205±3 kDa on native-PAGE and ̴34±1 kDa on SDS-PAGE, revealing that the enzyme is homohexamer. The isoelectric point of enzyme was 5.5, calculated by 2D-PAGE. Optimum activity of asparaginase was achieved at 40 °C and pH 7.5, which is close to the internal environment of the human body. Monovalent cations (Na(+) and K(+)) and reducing agents (2-mercaptoethanol and glutathione) has enhanced asparaginase activity. Whereas, divalent (Ca(2+), Mg(2+), Zn(2+) and Mn(2+)), trivalent (Fe(3+)) cations and thiol group blocking agent (iodoacetamide) inhibited the enzyme activity significantly. In vitro serum and trypsin half life of asparaginase is almost 2 and 1.5 fold respectively, which is higher than commercial asparaginase. MTT assay results showed that the anticancer activity of purified asparaginase was comparable or higher than commercial E. coli asparaginase. Microscopic studies and cell cycle analysis suggested that purified enzyme induced apoptotic cell death in dose-dependent manner. Loss of mitochondrial membrane potential suggests that enzyme induces cell death via activation of intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Purified asparaginase was found to be nontoxic for human noncancerous FR-2 cells and human blood lymphocytes, which is a remarkable therapeutic feature.
Topics: Apoptosis; Asparaginase; Cell Cycle; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Glutaminase; Humans; Pseudomonas
PubMed: 26597158
DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.11.012