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Frontiers in Psychology 2020Psychodrama is an effective psychotherapeutic model but interventions with adolescents require age-tailored techniques that maximize engagement and facilitate...
Psychodrama is an effective psychotherapeutic model but interventions with adolescents require age-tailored techniques that maximize engagement and facilitate communication processes. This study describes a novel adaptation of a therapeutic mask technique to psychodrama with adolescents. Over the course of eight group sessions of psychodrama, five adolescents (16 to 18 years-old) created their own mask and explored its therapeutic use. Their experiences were captured at the end of each session with the Helpful Aspects of Therapy (HAT) form, and at the end of the study with the Clinical Change Interview (CCI). Awareness/insight/self-understanding, empowerment and relief were the most significant aspects experienced by the adolescents, along with perceived increase of calmness and world connection, satisfaction in interpersonal communication and better emotional expression and regulation. The mask technique was experienced as a playful and engaging task that facilitated insight and interpersonal communication. Findings provide preliminary evidence on the clinical utility of mask-based psychodrama with adolescents.
PubMed: 33510672
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.588877 -
Frontiers in Psychology 2020This article presents the framework and explores the measurement, correlates, and outcomes of creative adaptability (CA), proposed here as the...
This article presents the framework and explores the measurement, correlates, and outcomes of creative adaptability (CA), proposed here as the cognitive-behavioral-emotional ability to respond creatively and adaptively to stressful situations. Data collection was in April 2020, during the peak of the outbreak of the Coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) in Israel. In Study 1, a sample of 310 adults completed the newly developed CA scale, as well as spontaneity, openness to experience, creative self-efficacy, and well-being measurements. The results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses corroborated the 9-item CA scale's theorized underlying construct. The scale's validity and reliability were also supported. Exploratory analyses suggested that the association between CA and well-being was mediated by creative self-efficacy and that CA may buffer the impact of individuals' concern about Coronavirus on their well-being. In Study 2, short-term longitudinal data based on a sample of 71 students suggested that CA may predict lower psychological stress over time. Support for the CA scale's internal consistency reliability was obtained and its test-retest reliability was established. Overall, the results shed light on this new construct as a potential protective factor. Implications for theory, research, and practice are discussed.
PubMed: 33510671
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.588172 -
International Journal of Medical... Jan 2021We compared the effect of different didactic formats - e - learning and role-playing - on medical students' knowledge and counselling skills in smoking cessation...
OBJECTIVES
We compared the effect of different didactic formats - e - learning and role-playing - on medical students' knowledge and counselling skills in smoking cessation training.
METHODS
At a German medical school, 145 third-year students were randomly allocated to attend an online course with video examples or an attendance course with role-playing. Students were trained in smoking cessation counselling according to the 5A's (ask, advise, assess, assist, arrange) for approximately 90 minutes. Practical skills were measured in an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) and represent the primary endpoint of this prospective comparative study. Additionally, changes in theoretic knowledge were assessed by pre - and post - interventional questionnaires and a final written exam.
RESULTS
In the OSCE, overall scores were higher in the attendance group (Mdn=70.8 % vs. 62.8 %; U=119; p=.087, n=36), but a statistical advantage was only found in one single counselling sequence ("Assist": Mdn=66.7 % vs. 51.4 %; p = .049) and the rating of the standardised patients (M=4.7 vs. 4.2 out of 5 points, t=2.0, p=.028). Students' results (n=130) from self-assessment and written exams suggest that both approaches are equally well suited to increase theoretical knowledge. The online course was more time efficient (90 vs. 73 minutes).
CONCLUSIONS
Seminar and web-based training seem equally well suited for transferring knowledge and skills on tobacco cessation counselling. Considering their particular strengths, these two teaching approaches could be combined.
Topics: Computer-Assisted Instruction; Education, Medical; Humans; Prospective Studies; Role Playing; Smoking Cessation
PubMed: 33507877
DOI: 10.5116/ijme.5ff9.bccc -
International Journal of Environmental... Dec 2020This study was conducted to identify and compare the effects of two education programs for infection control-a simulation using standardized patients and a peer...
This study was conducted to identify and compare the effects of two education programs for infection control-a simulation using standardized patients and a peer role-play-on standard precaution knowledge, standard precaution awareness, infection-related anxiety, and infection control performance. This study used a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. A total of 62 undergraduate nursing students in their 3rd year participated in the study, and were assigned to the experimental and control groups, accordingly. The infection control education program was developed based on the analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation model. The program for the experimental group included lectures, skills training, simulation using standardized patients, and debriefing, while the control group participated in the usual infection control education, consisting of lectures, skills training, and peer tutoring practices. Both groups exhibited statistically significant increases in knowledge, awareness of standard precaution, and infection control performance after the intervention. Infection-related anxiety and infection control performance were significantly higher in the simulation using a standardized patient group. Both education programs influenced compliance with the standard precaution for infection control. The results of this study contribute to the evidence regarding effective educational methods to improve infection control.
Topics: Clinical Competence; Education, Nursing; Humans; Infection Control; Patient Simulation; Role Playing; Students, Nursing
PubMed: 33375222
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18010107 -
Journal of Gynecology Obstetrics and... Apr 2021Informing couples about the diagnosis of severe fetal pathologies is part of the daily routine in fetal medicine. This situation is usually complex and can put untrained...
BACKGROUND
Informing couples about the diagnosis of severe fetal pathologies is part of the daily routine in fetal medicine. This situation is usually complex and can put untrained professionals in an uncomfortable position. The aim of this study was to assess the perception of health care professionals when faced with the need to announce a fetal pathology in order to target their training gaps in this domain.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A questionnaire was created and disseminated on a national level among physicians practicing or collaborating with the multidisciplinary centers of prenatal diagnosis in France. The questionnaire focused on the difficulties encountered by practitioners when announcing fetal pathologies, and their potential interest in simulation sessions regarding the delivery of bad news.
RESULTS
193 participants filled the questionnaire. 65 % report not receiving any theoretical courses in this field during their initial training, 49 % admit feeling uncomfortable when a fetal anomaly needs to be announced, 79.5 % think that role-play could help them, 87.5 % believe that training sessions in communication skills would help improve their methods and 73.1 % support teaching the delivery of bad news by simulation sessions.
CONCLUSION
This survey illustrates the significance of announcing a fetal pathology for fetal medicine professionals. Many of them report not being properly trained to cope with this situation and would like to improve with a more practical way of teaching. Simulation would be the ideal educational tool to meet this demand.
Topics: Adult; Attitude of Health Personnel; Fetus; France; Gynecology; Health Care Surveys; Humans; Middle Aged; Obstetrics; Perinatology; Radiology; Role Playing; Simulation Training; Truth Disclosure; Ultrasonography, Prenatal
PubMed: 33346160
DOI: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2020.102044 -
Psychotherapy Research : Journal of the... Sep 2021Recent years have seen a significant and rapid increase in the provision of tele-therapies. Chairwork methods such as empty-chair dialogues and role-play represent a...
Recent years have seen a significant and rapid increase in the provision of tele-therapies. Chairwork methods such as empty-chair dialogues and role-play represent a "common" category of therapeutic interventions which are utilized in many psychotherapeutic approaches. However, guidelines for facilitating chairwork in tele-therapy are currently lacking. The aim of this study was to survey expert providers regarding how chairwork is best provided in internet-delivered psychotherapy. Forty one experts were recruited from a range of therapeutic backgrounds including cognitive behaviour therapy, compassion focused therapy, emotion focused therapy, psychodrama, schema therapy, and voice dialogue. Participants completed a brief questionnaire survey exploring the delivery of tele-chairwork. Responses were analysed using thematic analysis. Five themes were identified: (i) divided opinion; (ii) convergence between therapy and home; (iii) disconnection and depth; (iv) practical impediments and benefits; and (v) revising and re-visioning chairwork. Overall, results indicate that chairwork can be successfully incorporated into tele-therapy, but requires adaption and special considerations. Despite challenges, tele-chairwork appears to be a feasible method of psychotherapeutic intervention. Preliminary guidelines for initiating, facilitating, and concluding tele-chairwork are presented, alongside future directions for research.
Topics: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Humans; Psychotherapy; Research Design; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 33315529
DOI: 10.1080/10503307.2020.1854486 -
Journal of Evaluation in Clinical... Aug 2021Empathic attitudes and behaviours of midwives directly affect obstetric outcomes. The study aims to examine the effect of empathy training on the empathic communication...
The effect of empathy training given to midwives on the empathic communication skills of midwives and the birth satisfaction of mothers giving birth with the help of these midwives: A quasi-experimental study.
RATIONALE, AIMS, AND OBJECTIVES
Empathic attitudes and behaviours of midwives directly affect obstetric outcomes. The study aims to examine the effect of empathy training on the empathic communication skills of midwives and the childbirth satisfaction of primiparous mothers.
METHODS
This quasi-experimental study has two sample groups including midwives working in the delivery unit (n = 15) and mothers giving birth with the help of these midwives (n = 134). Empathy training was given to the midwives through a 32-hour program involving didactic narrative, creative drama, and psychodrama techniques. A "Descriptive Information Form," and the "Empathic Communication Skills" and "Empathic Tendencies" scales were used to collect data from the midwives, and another "Descriptive Information Form" and the "Scale for Measuring Maternal Satisfaction in Normal Birth" were used for the maternal data.
RESULTS
Empathic communication skills and empathic tendencies of the midwives were found to be higher right after and 8 weeks after the training than before the training (P = .001, P = .040, respectively). The total score and sub-dimensions of the maternal satisfaction scale (ie, midwifery care, respect for privacy, meeting expectations, postpartum care) were found to be higher in mothers giving birth after the midwives' empathy training than those giving birth before (P < .001). A higher level of maternal birth satisfaction was seen in mothers giving birth right after the training (94%) than those giving birth before training (3%).
CONCLUSION
The empathy training improved both the empathy skills of midwives, and translated to improved maternal satisfaction with birth among their mothers. It is recommended to increase the number of follow-ups to evaluate the long-term effect of empathy training.
Topics: Communication; Empathy; Female; Humans; Midwifery; Mothers; Personal Satisfaction; Pregnancy
PubMed: 33283424
DOI: 10.1111/jep.13523 -
Journal of Forensic Sciences May 2021It is important to provide treatment for juvenile and young adult violent offenders, since no or (too) late treatment increases the risk of recidivism and persistent...
It is important to provide treatment for juvenile and young adult violent offenders, since no or (too) late treatment increases the risk of recidivism and persistent aggressive behavior in adulthood. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of the intervention Responsive Aggression Regulation Therapy (Re-ART) Outpatient, which has been developed for adolescents and young adults between 16 and 24 years old with severe aggression problems. This quasi-experimental (pilot) study compared the effects of Re-ART Outpatient (n = 47) with a control group (n = 29) receiving treatment as usual on measures regarding risk of violent recidivism, impulsivity, emotional/personal functioning, family functioning, motivation, handling anger, self-reported problem behavior, coping skills, and cognitive distortions. Re-ART showed significantly better results than the control group on risk of violent recidivism, impulsivity, emotional/personal functioning, motivation, handling anger, certain coping skills, and certain cognitive distortions. Family functioning and self-reported rule-breaking behavior did not differ significantly between the groups. The results implicate that Re-ART is a promising outpatient intervention for young adults with severe aggressive behavior. The results can be explained by the fact that Re-ART treats both systemically and individually and pays specific attention to stress reduction and the improvement of executive functions.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Adolescent; Aggression; Ambulatory Care; Case-Control Studies; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Humans; Impulsive Behavior; Pilot Projects; Problem Solving; Recidivism; Role Playing; Young Adult
PubMed: 33275795
DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.14648 -
BMC Medical Education Nov 2020Simulation-based education (SBE) has many benefits for learners, but costs can limit embedding SBE in health professional curricula. Peer simulation involves students... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND
Simulation-based education (SBE) has many benefits for learners, but costs can limit embedding SBE in health professional curricula. Peer simulation involves students portraying patient roles, and may reduce costs while still providing the benefits of other SBE experiences. However, the quality of the SBE may be impacted if students cannot portray authentic and realistic patient roles. The aim of this study was to investigate whether targeted education was associated with observable changes to physiotherapy students' abilities to portray patient roles in SBE.
METHODS
Second year pre-registration physiotherapy students (n = 40) participated. Students completed online and face-to-face education about SBE, patient portrayal skills, and how to portray a specific patient role. Students were video-recorded portraying patient roles in practical exams before and after the program. Three blinded independent assessors rated the overall quality of portrayals using a purpose-developed assessment instrument.
RESULTS
Twenty-three sets of pre- and post-program videos were analysed. Correlations between assessor scores spanned 0.62 to 0.82 for analyses of interest, which justified using average assessor ratings in analysis. Statistically significant higher scores were seen for post-program assessments for overall portrayal scores (mean difference 6.5, 95%CI [1.51-11.45], p = 0.013), accuracy (mean difference 3.4, 95%CI [0.69-6.13], p = 0.016) and quality (mean difference 3.1, 95%CI [0.64-5.49], p = 0.016).
CONCLUSIONS
Physiotherapy students appear capable of playing realistic patient roles. Peer simulation can be embedded into health professional programs, and education in patient role portrayal appears to be associated with improvements in portrayal quality and realism. Given these findings, further investigation, including testing program effects in a randomised study, is warranted.
Topics: Clinical Competence; Humans; Patient Simulation; Peer Group; Physical Therapy Modalities; Role Playing; Students
PubMed: 33243213
DOI: 10.1186/s12909-020-02382-0 -
Schizophrenia Research Apr 2021
Topics: Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry); Humans; Mental Disorders; Psychodrama; Substance-Related Disorders
PubMed: 33191082
DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.11.008