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African Health Sciences Mar 2024Cervical cancer is a disease of major public health significance which can be prevented by adequate screening.
BACKGROUND
Cervical cancer is a disease of major public health significance which can be prevented by adequate screening.
OBJECTIVE
This study assessed the level of cervical cancer knowledge, attitude to screening and human papillomavirus testing experience in women who self-sampled for cervical cancer screening.
METHODS
A descriptive cross-sectional study involving 790 women that had human papilloma virus (HPV) testing at the gynae-oncology unit of the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital. Participants were assessed of their cervical cancer screening knowledge, attitude and HPV testing experience. High risk HPV (hr-HPV) nucleic acid testing was funded by the Clinton Health Access Initiative.
RESULTS
Majority (76.71%) of the respondents exhibited a high level of knowledge of cervical cancer, its causes, risk factors and prevention; and a positive experience with HPV self-sampling reported in 98.1%. hr-HPV positive rate was 13.4%. The most common reason (43%) for not having a cervical screening done was lack of a doctor's request. The most commonly known method of cervical screening by the respondents was Pap Smear test (55.31%).
CONCLUSION
There is need for more education to improve the level of awareness and uptake of hr-HPV testing for cervical cancer in Lagos. Health care providers are not offering cervical cancer screening enough and this needs to be explored more in future studies.
Topics: Humans; Female; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Cross-Sectional Studies; Papillomavirus Infections; Adult; Early Detection of Cancer; Middle Aged; Nigeria; Papanicolaou Test; Papillomaviridae; Vaginal Smears; Mass Screening; Young Adult; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Aged; Surveys and Questionnaires; Socioeconomic Factors; Human Papillomavirus Viruses
PubMed: 38962325
DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v24i1.16 -
F1000Research 2023In the 21 century, impact of social media, particularly Social Networking Sites (SNSs) has been linked to a wide range of human beliefs and expectations. Growing body...
In the 21 century, impact of social media, particularly Social Networking Sites (SNSs) has been linked to a wide range of human beliefs and expectations. Growing body of research has indicated that body image concerns along with exercise motivation and social comparison are on the rise among young adults. The present study aimed to examine the sex difference in body image, exercise motivation and social comparison among people who use Instagram in the age group 20-30. A total of 212 participants (men=106, women=106) aged 20-30 years, who are users of Instagram completed Body Self Image Questionnaire Short Form as a measure of Body image, Exercise Motivation Inventory - 2 as a measure of Exercise Motivation and Instagram as a Tool for Social Comparison as a measure of Social Comparison. Results showed that a significant difference in body image exist across gender with body image issues higher among females and significant difference in exercise motivation across gender with exercise motivation higher among males. No sex differences were seen in social comparison. It was concluded that body image concerns are higher among females and the drive for exercise is higher among males who used Instagram. It was found that body image concerns were higher among people who exercised regularly as well as among those who followed fitness related pages on Instagram as compared to those who did not. These results provide an insight into the sex differences between the variables and future directions can be aimed at conducting an in-depth analysis using body image, exercise motivation and social comparison.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Motivation; Body Image; Exercise; Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Social Media; Young Adult; Sex Characteristics; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 38962298
DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.134799.2 -
Frontiers in Psychology 2024Deep learning from collaboration occurs if the learner enacts interactive activities in the sense of leveraging the knowledge externalized by co-learners as resource for...
Deep learning from collaboration occurs if the learner enacts interactive activities in the sense of leveraging the knowledge externalized by co-learners as resource for own inferencing processes and if these interactive activities in turn promote the learner's deep comprehension outcomes. This experimental study investigates whether inducing dyad members to enact constructive preparation activities can promote deep learning from subsequent collaboration while examining prior knowledge as moderator. In a digital collaborative learning environment, 122 non-expert university students assigned to 61 dyads studied a text about the human circulatory system and then prepared individually for collaboration according to their experimental conditions: the preparation tasks varied across dyads with respect to their generativity, that is, the degree to which they required the learners to enact constructive activities (note-taking, compare-contrast, or explanation). After externalizing their answer to the task, learners in all conditions inspected their partner's externalization and then jointly discussed their text understanding via chat. Results showed that more rather than less generative tasks fostered constructive preparation but not interactive collaboration activities or deep comprehension outcomes. Moderated mediation analyses considering actor and partner effects indicated the indirect effects of constructive preparation activities on deep comprehension outcomes via interactive activities to depend on prior knowledge: when own prior knowledge was relatively low, self-performed but not partner-performed constructive preparation activities were beneficial. When own prior knowledge was relatively high, partner-performed constructive preparation activities were conducive while one's own were ineffective or even detrimental. Given these differential effects, suggestions are made for optimizing the instructional design around generative preparation tasks to streamline the effectiveness of constructive preparation activities for deep learning from digital collaboration.
PubMed: 38962237
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1335682 -
Frontiers in Psychology 2024The value of music lies in its ability to evoke emotions. People can gain emotional experiences in music and can also regulate their own emotions through music. Music...
BACKGROUND
The value of music lies in its ability to evoke emotions. People can gain emotional experiences in music and can also regulate their own emotions through music. Music has its own structural rules, and exploring the relationship between musical structure and emotions is an important approach to understanding the mechanism of music-induced emotions. Musical mode refers to the arrangement of intervals around the tonic, presenting different musical modes based on the central tone and the arrangement of intervals, including Chinese pentatonic modes and Western major and minor modes. Musical morphology indicates significant differences in the construction intensity of traditional Chinese pentatonic modes and major and minor modes, affecting their mode forms and thus determining their adaptability to external influences.
AIMS
Exploring the modalities of music and the effects of individual music training experiences on emotion induction; validating whether musical modes exhibit cross-cultural universality in the process of emotion induction.
METHOD
This study recruited 65 university students as participants (34 with music training experience, 31 without music training experience). Through a passive listening paradigm using the GEMS and combined with a biofeedback equipment, it explored the differences in behavioral and physiological indicators (skin conductance, temperature, heart rate) of emotional experiences (basic and aesthetic emotions) influenced by the modal forms of Chinese traditional pentatonic modes and Western major and minor modes.
RESULTS
Firstly, the arousal level of music emotion is a primary factor influencing individuals' aesthetic emotional experiences in music, which is related to the intensity of modal construction in music; Secondly, the emotional pleasure and skin temperature change induced by pentatonic music are greater than those induced by major and minor modes; Thirdly, the arousal level, electrodermal change, and heart rate variability of major and minor modes are greater than those of pentatonic music; Finally, music training experience enhances college students' familiarity and preference for pentatonic music, thereby strengthening the electrodermal physiological indicators of emotional experiences.
CONCLUSION
The different modal forms of music express different levels of emotional arousal, leading to differences in individuals' emotional dimensions and physiological indicators in music. Additionally, individuals' music training experiences and cultural backgrounds also influence their experience of music emotions.
PubMed: 38962236
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1414014 -
Frontiers in Psychology 2024The provision of audio recordings of their own medical encounters to patients, termed consultation recordings, has demonstrated promising benefits, particularly in...
BACKGROUND
The provision of audio recordings of their own medical encounters to patients, termed consultation recordings, has demonstrated promising benefits, particularly in addressing information needs of cancer patients. While this intervention has been explored globally, there is limited research specific to Germany. This study investigates the attitudes and experiences of cancer patients in Germany toward consultation recordings.
METHODS
We conducted a nationwide cross-sectional quantitative online survey, informed by semi-structured interviews with cancer patients. The survey assessed participants' attitudes, experiences and desire for consultation recordings in the future. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and subgroup analyses.
RESULTS
A total of 287 adult cancer patients participated. An overwhelming majority (92%) expressed a (very) positive attitude. Overall, participants strongly endorsed the anticipated benefits of the intervention, such as improved recall and enhanced understanding. Some participants expressed concerns that physicians might feel pressured and could become more reserved in their interactions with the use of such recordings. While a small proportion (5%) had prior experience with audio recording medical encounters, the majority (92%) expressed interest in having consultation recordings in the future.
DISCUSSION
We observed positive attitudes of cancer patients in Germany toward consultation recordings, paralleling international research findings. Despite limited experiences, participants acknowledged the potential benefits of the intervention, particularly related to recalling and comprehending information from medical encounters. Our findings suggest that the potential of the intervention is currently underutilized in German cancer care. While acknowledging the possibility of a positive bias in our results, we conclude that this study represents an initial exploration of the intervention's potential within the German cancer care context, laying the groundwork for its further evaluation.
PubMed: 38962233
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1378854 -
Frontiers in Psychology 2024The health crisis associated with COVID-19 led to a period of increased demand on the operational and social organization of healthcare centers, which often had a...
The effect of a collective competence intervention on collective efficacy, psychological wellbeing, and social wellbeing: a quasi-experimental study of a sample of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 crisis.
BACKGROUND
The health crisis associated with COVID-19 led to a period of increased demand on the operational and social organization of healthcare centers, which often had a negative impact on the psychological and social wellbeing of healthcare workers. In order to tackle this issue, an intervention plan was designed to develop collective competences through various participatory strategies. This study sought to determine the effect of this intervention on the variables collective efficacy, psychological wellbeing, and social wellbeing in healthcare workers by performing a pretest and posttest comparison with a control group.
METHOD
The variables were evaluated using a non-probability, purposive sample of 80 healthcare workers from three Family Healthcare Centers (CESFAM) located in the Coquimbo Region, Chile, within health crisis context. The intervention group was composed of voluntary participants, while the control group only completed the evaluations. The intervention consisted in 6 training workshops focused on improving collective management, group synergy, collaborative problem-solving, communicative strategies, and overall team care.
RESULTS
The analysis shows that the collective competence intervention had a positive effect on the collective efficacy, psychological wellbeing, and social wellbeing of the participating healthcare workers during the COVID-19 crisis. Only specific factors of these variables did not undergo a significant impact.
CONCLUSION
The results of this study suggest that interventions aimed at improving collective organizational competences, apart from increasing collective efficacy, can have a positive impact on healthcare workers' psychological and social wellbeing in a context of occupational adversity.
PubMed: 38962231
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1369251 -
Frontiers in Psychology 2024Positive schizotypy can uniquely predict the development of psychosis with suspiciousness/paranoia having emerged as a key risk factor, pointing to significant worth in...
Positive schizotypy can uniquely predict the development of psychosis with suspiciousness/paranoia having emerged as a key risk factor, pointing to significant worth in reducing this aspect in individuals with high positive schizotypy. Reduced paranoia in the general population following brief online mindfulness training has been previously reported. This study investigated the feasibility of a 40-day online mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) ( = 12) in the individuals with high positive schizotypy characterized by high suspiciousness/paranoia and to estimate its effect on paranoia as compared with an active control condition using reflective journaling ( = 12). The outcome measures were self-reported trait and VR-induced state paranoia, completed at baseline, after 10 days and post-intervention. The feasibility criteria included retention, adherence, engagement, and acceptability. There was 100% retention, excellent adherence to content and engagement, with an average MBI session completion rate of 91%. Acceptability, indexed by a self-rated motivation to continue practice post-intervention, was also high. No MBI effect on trait paranoia was observed; however, the MBI group showed a reduction in the VR-induced state paranoia with a medium-to-large effect (63). The findings support conducting larger-scale randomized controlled trials to evaluate the effects of online MBIs on reducing suspiciousness/paranoia to mitigate psychosis risk in individuals with high positive schizotypy. https://www.isrctn.com/, identifier ISRCTN78697391.
PubMed: 38962229
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1380077 -
Frontiers in Psychology 2024
PubMed: 38962228
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1414064 -
Frontiers in Psychology 2024Psychotherapy may have many benefits for patients with mental health problems, but patients may also have negative experiences related to the therapy. Not much is known...
OBJECTIVE
Psychotherapy may have many benefits for patients with mental health problems, but patients may also have negative experiences related to the therapy. Not much is known about these negative psychotherapy experiences and their impact on treatment outcome. The aim of this study was to examine the association between positive and negative psychotherapy experiences and treatment outcome.
METHODS
A total of 130 patients participated in the study. They received treatment as usual and were assessed for positive and negative psychotherapy experiences at mid-treatment and post-treatment using the Positive and Negative Experiences of Psychotherapy Questionnaire (PNEP). Treatment outcome was measured by the Outcome Questionnaire - 45 (OQ-45). Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the data.
RESULTS
All patients reported positive psychotherapy experiences at mid-treatment. At least one negative experience was reported by 69% of participants. After correction for baseline severity (i.e., OQ-45 at baseline) and relevant demographic variables, positive psychotherapy experiences at mid-treatment emerged as a predictor for treatment outcome. In contrast, negative psychotherapy experiences did not predict treatment outcome. However, reporting more negative experiences was associated with reporting fewer positive experiences at mid- and end of treatment.
CONCLUSION
Both positive and negative psychotherapy experiences commonly occur. Although in this study negative psychotherapy experiences did not predict treatment outcome in terms of symptom reduction, the findings do suggest that negative experiences may influence the way in which patients evaluate their treatment. Although positive experiences outweigh negative experiences, patients should be informed that negative experiences may also occur.
PubMed: 38962226
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1378456 -
Frontiers in Psychology 2024In this PRISMA-compliant systematic review, we identify and synthesize the findings of research in which neuroimaging and assessments of achievement have been used to...
INTRODUCTION AND METHODS
In this PRISMA-compliant systematic review, we identify and synthesize the findings of research in which neuroimaging and assessments of achievement have been used to examine the relationships among aspects of developmental programming, neurodevelopment, and achievement in reading and mathematics.
RESULTS
Forty-seven studies met inclusion criteria. The majority examined the impact of prematurity ( = 32) and prenatal alcohol exposure ( = 13). Several prematurity studies reported a positive correlation between white-matter integrity of callosal fibers and executive functioning and/or achievement, and white matter properties were consistently associated with cognitive and academic performance in preterm and full-term children. Volumetric studies reported positive associations between academic and cognitive abilities and white and gray matter volume in regions such as the insula, putamen, and prefrontal lobes. Functional MRI studies demonstrated increased right-hemispheric language processing among preterm children. Altered activation of the frontoparietal network related to numerical abilities was also reported. Prenatal alcohol exposure studies reported alterations in white matter microstructure linked to deficits in cognitive functioning and academic achievement, including mathematics, reading, and vocabulary skills. Volumetric studies reported reductions in cerebral, cerebellar, and subcortical gray matter volumes associated with decreased scores on measures of executive functioning, attention, working memory, and academic performance. Functional MRI studies demonstrated broad, diffuse activation, reduced activation in canonical regions, and increased activation in non-canonical regions during numeric tasks.
DISCUSSION
A preponderance of studies linked prematurity and prenatal alcohol exposure to altered neurodevelopmental processes and suboptimal academic achievement. Limitations and recommendations for future research are discussed.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
Identifier: DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/ZAN67.
PubMed: 38962224
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1352241