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Journal of Clinical Psychology Jun 2024Personality disorders (PD) are based not just on maladaptive ideas about self and others, they also are grounded on embodied patterns of behaviors and reactions to...
Personality disorders (PD) are based not just on maladaptive ideas about self and others, they also are grounded on embodied patterns of behaviors and reactions to interpersonal stressors. There is growing interest in working with the body and through the body so to address automatisms that lead to suffering and dysfunctional social action. In this issue of the Journal of Clinical Psychology: In-Session the use of art and psychomotor therapies for these patients was explored by seven different clinical perspectives. Patients described presented with different PD and associated symptoms. The arts and psychomotor therapies deployed in personality disorder treatment are: (visual) art therapy, music therapy, drama therapy, dance (movement) therapy, and psychomotor therapy making psychotherapeutic use of the different modalities: art, music, play, role-play, performance, improvisation, dance, body awareness and movement. Interventions provide kinesthetic, sensory, perceptual, and symbolic opportunities to invite alternative modes of meaning-making, accessing own needs and wishes, and communicating them to others. In this commentary we summarize some of the different topics covered by the clinical-based papers, including working mechanisms of arts and psychomotor therapies, the importance of bottom-up emotion regulation processes, how to treat trauma in the presence of a PD, how to integrate art and psychomotor therapies in a fine-grained formulation and how to understand the process of change. Although there is a need for more empirical research, we hope this issue makes a solid case that clinicians can effectively include art and psychomotor therapies when treating the full range of PD.
PubMed: 38941072
DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23730 -
Journal of Integrative Neuroscience May 2024In this study, we used electroencephalogram (EEG) to investigate the activity pattern of the cerebral cortex related to visual pursuit and saccade strategies to predict...
BACKGROUND
In this study, we used electroencephalogram (EEG) to investigate the activity pattern of the cerebral cortex related to visual pursuit and saccade strategies to predict the arrival position of a visual target. In addition, we clarified the differences in the EEG of those who could predict the arrival position well using the saccade strategy compared to those who were not proficient.
METHODS
Sixteen participants performed two tasks: the "Pursuit Strategy Task (PST)" and the "Saccade Strategy Task (SST)" while undergoing EEG. For the PST, the participants were instructed to follow the target with their eyes throughout its trajectory and indicate when it reached the final point. For the SST, the participants were instructed to shift their gaze to the end point of arrival once they had predicted it.
RESULTS
Low beta EEG activity at the Oz, Cz, and CP2 electrodes was significantly higher during the SST than during the PST. In addition, low beta EEG activity at P7 electrode was significantly higher in the group showing a small position error (PE) than in the group showing a large PE at response.
CONCLUSIONS
EEG activity at the Oz, Cz, and CP2 electrodes during the SST may reflect visuospatial attention to the moving target, the tracking of moving targets, and the focus on the final destination position. In addition, EEG activity at P7 electrode may more accurately detect the speed and direction of the moving target by the small PE group at response.
Topics: Humans; Saccades; Male; Female; Young Adult; Electroencephalography; Adult; Cerebral Cortex; Attention; Pursuit, Smooth; Visual Perception; Psychomotor Performance; Space Perception
PubMed: 38940093
DOI: 10.31083/j.jin2306108 -
PeerJ 2024The associations of fundamental motor skills (FMS), health-related physical fitness (., cardiorespiratory fitness, CRF), and moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA)...
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
The associations of fundamental motor skills (FMS), health-related physical fitness (., cardiorespiratory fitness, CRF), and moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) have been demonstrated in Western children, but these associations have not yet been validated in a sample of Chinese children. The aims of this study, therefore, were to examine the association between FMS subdomains and MVPA in a sample of Chinese children and to evaluate whether this association is mediated by CRF.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study consisting of 311 children aged 8-12 years (49.2% girls; mean age = 9.9 years) from Shanghai was conducted. FMS, CRF and MVPA were assessed using the Test of Gross Motor Development-3rd Edition, Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run and ActiGraph GT3X accelerometers. Preacher & Hayes's bootstrap method was used to test the mediating effects of CRF on the association between FMS and MVPA.
RESULTS
CRF fully mediated the association between total FMS and MVPA in girls (indirect effects, = 0.21, 95% CI [0.07-0.37]), while the mediation was only partial in boys (indirect effects, = 0.12, 95% CI [0.01-0.26]). CRF fully mediated the association between locomotor skills and MVPA in girls (indirect effects, = 0.27, 95% CI [0.09- 0.51]), whereas CRF partially mediated the association between object control skills and MVPA in boys (indirect effects, = 0.15, 95% CI [0.18-0.35]).
CONCLUSION
In order to better design and implement sex-specific interventions aiming to increase MVPA, it is essential to consider FMS subdomains and CRF alongside the sex differences in the association between them.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Child; Cardiorespiratory Fitness; Cross-Sectional Studies; Exercise; China; Accelerometry; Motor Skills; Sex Factors; East Asian People
PubMed: 38938618
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17564 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2024Research to improve and expand treatment options for motor impairment after stroke remains an important issue in rehabilitation as the reduced ability to move affected...
Research to improve and expand treatment options for motor impairment after stroke remains an important issue in rehabilitation as the reduced ability to move affected limbs is still a limiting factor in the selection of training content for stroke patients. The combination of action observation and peripheral nerve stimulation is a promising method for inducing increased excitability and plasticity in the primary motor cortex of healthy subjects. In addition, as reported in the literature, the use of action observation and motor imagery in conjunction has an advantage over the use of one or the other alone in terms of the activation of motor-related brain regions. The aim of the pilot study was thus to combine these findings into a multimodal approach and to evaluate the potential impact of the concurrent application of the three methods on dexterity in stroke patients. The paradigm developed accordingly was tested with 10 subacute patients, in whom hand dexterity, thumb-index pinch force and thumb tapping speed were measured for a baseline assessment and directly before and after the single intervention. During the 10-min session, patients were instructed to watch a repetitive thumb-index finger tapping movement displayed on a monitor and to imagine the sensations that would arise from physically performing the same motion. They were also repeatedly electrically stimulated at the wrist on the motorically more affected body side and asked to place their hand behind the monitor for the duration of the session to support integration of the displayed hand into their own body schema. The data provide a first indication of a possible immediate effect of a single application of this procedure on the dexterity in patients after stroke.
Topics: Humans; Pilot Projects; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Aged; Stroke; Stroke Rehabilitation; Motor Cortex; Peripheral Nerves; Imagery, Psychotherapy; Adult; Motor Skills; Electric Stimulation
PubMed: 38937566
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65911-7 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2024Spontaneous rhythmic movements are part of everyday life, e.g., in walking, clapping or music making. Humans perform such spontaneous motor actions at different rates...
Spontaneous rhythmic movements are part of everyday life, e.g., in walking, clapping or music making. Humans perform such spontaneous motor actions at different rates that reflect specific biomechanical constraints of the effector system in use. However, there is some evidence for intra-individual consistency of specific spontaneous rates arguably resulting from common underlying processes. Additionally, individual and contextual factors such as musicianship and circadian rhythms have been suggested to influence spontaneous rates. This study investigated the relative contributions of these factors and provides a comprehensive picture of rates among different spontaneous motor behaviors, i.e., melody production, walking, clapping, tapping with and without sound production, the latter measured online before and in the lab. Participants (n = 60) exhibited high intra-individual stability across tasks. Task-related influences included faster tempi for spontaneous production rates of music and wider ranges of spontaneous motor tempi (SMT) and clapping rates compared to walking and music making rates. Moreover, musicians exhibited slower spontaneous rates across tasks, yet we found no influence of time of day on SMT as measured online in pre-lab sessions. Tapping behavior was similar in pre-lab and in-lab sessions, validating the use of online SMT assessments. Together, the prominent role of individual factors and high stability across domains support the idea that different spontaneous motor behaviors are influenced by common underlying processes.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Biomechanical Phenomena; Adult; Music; Movement; Cognition; Young Adult; Walking; Psychomotor Performance
PubMed: 38937553
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65788-6 -
Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology &... Jun 2024
Corrigendum to "Separate and combined effects of alcohol and cannabis on mood, subjective experience, cognition and psychomotor performance: A randomized trial" [Progress in Neuropsychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry 118 (2022) 110570].
PubMed: 38937224
DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111074 -
Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni... 2024To examine the influence of sleep quality on psychophysiological testing results and autonomic state in university students of both sexes with different habitual...
OBJECTIVE
To examine the influence of sleep quality on psychophysiological testing results and autonomic state in university students of both sexes with different habitual physical activity level.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
One hundred and twenty-four 6 year medical students (88 women and 36 men) and 80 sport science students (42 women and 38 men) underwent a comprehensive psychophysiological study, including 7 tests: simple motor reaction, choice reaction, reaction under conditions of interference, reaction to a moving object, critical fusion frequency, as well as static and dynamic (by profile) dexterity tests. Autonomic status was assessed using heart rate variability, sleep quality and alertness were assessed based on self-report, and in athletes, using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Questionnaire (PSQI).
RESULTS
In the male athletes' group with morning chronotype the sleep quality was better than in medical students. Only female medical students demonstrated a deterioration in praxis with an increase in the severity of evening features in the chronotype and a decrease in self-assessment of sleep quality. Increased sleepiness in the first half hour after awakening significantly reduced the quality of performance of psychometric tests in all subjects. The most informative was critical fusion frequency, which was lower in girls with «poor» sleep, as well as the reaction to a moving object. In addition, sympathetic drive was increased in female medical students with poor self-rated sleep quality.
CONCLUSION
A decrease in the quality of sleep in students causes fine motor impairment, mediated by sex, the level of habitual physical activity and circadian chronotype.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Young Adult; Motor Skills; Exercise; Students, Medical; Adult; Sleep; Sex Factors; Sleep Quality; Surveys and Questionnaires; Students
PubMed: 38934664
DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202412405233 -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the implementation of an experimental program with combined plyometric and coordination exercises for a time...
The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the implementation of an experimental program with combined plyometric and coordination exercises for a time interval of 6 months aimed at improving the jump shots of U12 junior players through the use of information technologies. One hundred seventeen female basketball players, aged between 10 and 12 years (U12), participated in this study. The study subjects were divided into two groups: the experimental group (EG), with 60 (51.3%) subjects, and the control group (CG), with 57 subjects (48.7%). The 6-month experiment program implemented in the experimental group included exercises that combined coordination exercises with plyometric exercises in the execution of throwing skills and skills specific to the basketball game by using the MyVert portable smart sensor. This study included an initial test and a final test, in which three motor tests adapted to the specifics of the basketball game were applied in order to evaluate jump shots: a throw-after-step test, a standing shot test and a shot-after-dribbling test. Only the results of the experimental group showed statistically significant progress ( < 0.05) between the final and initial testing in all three motor tests for the following parameters: maximum jump height (cm), average jump height (cm), power (watts/kg) and successful shots (no). The gains of the control group were not statistically significant in any test. It should be noted that the number of throws scored in the basket of the experimental group increased significantly, a fact highlighted by the very large size of Cohen's value > 3 in all the tests of this study. The results of the experimental group as a result of the implementation of the experimental training program using MyVert technology were superior to the results of the control group. The practical implications of the present study will contribute to the optimization of the athletes' training methodology in order to improve the physical and technical levels in relation to the peculiarities of age and training level.
Topics: Humans; Basketball; Female; Child; Athletic Performance; Plyometric Exercise; Athletes; Motor Skills
PubMed: 38931782
DOI: 10.3390/s24123993 -
Science Robotics Jun 2024Sense of joint agency (SoJA) is the sense of control experienced by humans when acting with others to bring about changes in the shared environment. SoJA is proposed to...
Sense of joint agency (SoJA) is the sense of control experienced by humans when acting with others to bring about changes in the shared environment. SoJA is proposed to arise from the sensorimotor predictive processes underlying action control and monitoring. Because SoJA is a ubiquitous phenomenon occurring when we perform actions with other humans, it is of great interest and importance to understand whether-and under what conditions-SoJA occurs in collaborative tasks with humanoid robots. In this study, using behavioral measures and neural responses measured by electroencephalography (EEG), we aimed to evaluate whether SoJA occurs in joint action with the humanoid robot iCub and whether its emergence is influenced by the perceived intentionality of the robot. Behavioral results show that participants experienced SoJA with the robot partner when it was presented as an intentional agent but not when it was presented as a mechanical artifact. EEG results show that the mechanism that influences the emergence of SoJA in the condition when the robot is presented as an intentional agent is the ability to form similarly accurate predictions about the sensory consequences of our own and others' actions, leading to similar modulatory activity over sensory processing. Together, our results shed light on the joint sensorimotor processing mechanisms underlying the emergence of SoJA in human-robot interaction and underscore the importance of attribution of intentionality to the robot in human-robot collaboration.
Topics: Humans; Robotics; Electroencephalography; Male; Female; Intention; Adult; Young Adult; Cooperative Behavior; Psychomotor Performance
PubMed: 38924424
DOI: 10.1126/scirobotics.adj3665 -
Journal of Neurochemistry Jun 2024Stagnation in the development of novel therapeutic strategies for treatment-resistant depression has encouraged continued interest in improving preclinical methods. One...
Chronic ecologically relevant stress effects on reverse-translated touchscreen assays of reward responsivity and attentional processes in male rats: Implications for depression.
Stagnation in the development of novel therapeutic strategies for treatment-resistant depression has encouraged continued interest in improving preclinical methods. One tactic prioritizes the reverse translation of behavioral tasks developed to objectively quantify depressive phenotypes in patient populations for their use in laboratory animals via touchscreen technology. After cross-species concordance in task outcomes under healthy conditions is confirmed, construct validity can be further enhanced by identifying environmental stressors that reliably produce deficits in task performance that resemble those in depressive participants. The present studies characterized in male rats the ability of two chronic ecologically relevant stressors, inescapable ice water or isolated restraint, to produce depressive-like behavioral phenotypes in the Probabilistic Reward Task (PRT) and Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT). These tasks previously have been reverse-translated using touchscreen technology for rodents and nonhuman primates to objectively quantify, respectively, reward responsivity (anhedonia) and attentional processes (impaired cognitive function), each of which are core features of major depressive disorder. In the PRT, both inescapable ice water and isolated restraint produced persistent anhedonic phenotypes compared to non-stressed control performance (i.e., significantly blunted response bias for the richly rewarded stimulus). In the PVT, both chronic stressors impaired attentional processing, revealed by increases in titrated reaction times; however, these deficits largely subsided by the end of the chronic condition. Taken together, these findings confirm the ability of reverse-translated touchscreen tasks to effectively generate behavioral phenotypes that exhibit expected deficits in performance outcomes following exposure to chronic ecologically relevant stress. In turn, this approach is well positioned to appraise the ability of candidate therapeutics to attenuate or reverse such behavioral deficits and, thereby, contribute to preclinical medications development for treatment-resistant depression.
PubMed: 38922872
DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16157