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Revue Medicale Suisse Jun 2024
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Self Concept; Gender Identity; Anxiety Disorders
PubMed: 38938142
DOI: 10.53738/REVMED.2024.20.880.1279 -
Behavior Therapy Jul 2024Sexual orientation and gender identity/expression change efforts (SOGIECEs) are discredited practices that are associated with serious negative effects and incompatible... (Review)
Review
Reckoning With Our Past and Righting Our Future: Report From the Behavior Therapy Task Force on Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity/Expression Change Efforts (SOGIECEs).
Sexual orientation and gender identity/expression change efforts (SOGIECEs) are discredited practices that are associated with serious negative effects and incompatible with modern standards for clinical practice. Despite evidence linking SOGIECEs with serious iatrogenic effects, and despite support for LGBTQ+-affirmative care alternatives, SOGIECE practices persist. In the 1970s and 1980s, Behavior Therapy published articles testing and/or endorsing SOGIECEs, thereby contributing to their overall development, acceptance, and use. The Behavior Therapy Task Force on SOGIECEs was assembled to conduct a rigorous review of the SOGIECE articles published in Behavior Therapy and to decide whether, and what, formal action(s) should be taken on these articles. This report provides a detailed review of the historic SOGIECE literature published in Behavior Therapy and outlines the Task Force's deliberative and democratic processes resulting in actions to: (1) add prominent advisory information to k = 24 SOGIECE papers in the form of digital "black box" disclaimers that caution readers that the SOGIECE practices tested or described in these papers are inconsistent with modern standards, (2) offset organizational financial benefits from the publication of these papers, and (3) promote LGBTQ+-affirmative practices. SOGIECEs are not the only concerning practices across the field's history, and the pages of today's scientific journals include practices that will be at odds with tomorrow's moral standards and ethical guidelines. This report calls for precautionary measures and editorial safeguards to minimize the future likelihood and impact of problematic published scholarship, including the need to fully include those with relevant lived experiences in all aspects of clinical science and peer review.
Topics: Humans; Sexual Behavior; Sexual and Gender Minorities; Gender Identity; Behavior Therapy; Advisory Committees; Female
PubMed: 38937042
DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2024.05.006 -
Military Medicine Jun 2024This article uses recent survey data from a study on gender integration at recruit training across the U.S. Armed Forces to examine service, gender, and training...
INTRODUCTION
This article uses recent survey data from a study on gender integration at recruit training across the U.S. Armed Forces to examine service, gender, and training differences in recruit's gender attitudes, beliefs, and cohesion metrics. In addition to providing a descriptive understanding of our recruit sample, this article examines factors germane to gender integration at recruit training such as gender attitudes, sexist beliefs, and unit cohesion.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This article uses data from a survey of U.S. Marine Corps (USMC), U.S. Army, U.S. Air Force, U.S. Navy, and U.S. Coast Guard recruits as part of a USMC-commissioned study to develop alternate models and recommendations for increasing gender integration in USMC recruit training. At all sites but the USMC, recruits completed the survey 1 to 2 weeks before graduation. At the Marine Corps Recruit Depots, recruits participated in the survey at the beginning (week 2) and end (week 11) of their 13-week training cycle. A 19-question survey captured sociodemographic information, perspectives and experiences during recruit training, and gender attitudes and beliefs. Analyses were conducted on the sample with complete data on the measures reported, including those USMC recruits observed at both week 2 and week 11 (n = 629). Descriptive statistics (percentage) were calculated for all categorical outcome variables. Outcome variables (cohesion, gender, and sexism attitudes) were compared between groups using chi-squared tests or Fisher's exact tests, as appropriate.
RESULTS
Recruits differed significantly across services in perceptions of unit cohesion on 3 of the 4 indicators: Platoon members are cooperative, know they can depend on each other, and really respect each other (P < .05). These differences appear to be driven by female recruit difference across service. They reported significant differences in gender role attitudes across the services, with USMC recruits being most likely to endorse traditional gender roles compared to other service recruits. Male USMC recruits were significantly more likely than their female peers to agree that men should achieve outside the home and women should take care of the home and family (21.3% versus 6.3%, P < .05). The only statistical differences in attitudes about equality of treatment and opportunity among recruits were between male and female USMC recruits. All items capturing sexist attitudes elicited statistically significant differences between male USMC recruits and male recruits in other services (P < .05). There were significant differences in all sexism measures between male and female USMC recruits (P < .05). There is a significant decline in some sexist attitudes between weeks 2 and 11 of training among male USMC recruits (P < .05). Nearly one-half to three-fourths of male USMC recruits hold sexist attitudes, even near the end of recruit training.
CONCLUSIONS
The disparate gender and sexism attitudes of male USMC recruits compared with their peers in other services, and their fellow female USMC recruits suggest efforts to increase gender integration at entry-level training are needed, but also may be challenging since male USMC recruits report the highest levels of sexist attitudes among all recruits.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Military Personnel; United States; Surveys and Questionnaires; Adult; Personnel Selection; Gender Identity
PubMed: 38920032
DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usae254 -
JAMA Network Open Jun 2024Transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) communities experience disproportionate levels of violence, yet due to limitations in measuring TGD identity, few...
IMPORTANCE
Transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) communities experience disproportionate levels of violence, yet due to limitations in measuring TGD identity, few state-representative estimates are available.
OBJECTIVE
To assess gender identity differences in experiences of violence among adults.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
Cross-sectional data from the 2023 California Violence Experiences (CalVEX) survey, weighted to provide state-representative estimates, was used to assess associations between gender identity and past-year experiences of violence among adults 18 years and older. Data were analyzed from June to December 2023.
EXPOSURE
Gender identity (cisgender women, cisgender men, transgender women, transgender men, and nonbinary individuals).
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
Experience of physical violence (including physical abuse and threat or use of a weapon), sexual violence (verbal sexual harassment, homophobic or transphobic slurs, cyber and physically aggressive sexual harassment, and forced sex), and intimate partner violence (IPV; emotional, physical, or sexual violence) using age-adjusted logistic regression.
RESULTS
In total 3560 individuals (weighted cumulative response rate, 5%) completed the 2023 CalVEX survey, with 1978 cisgender women, 1431 cisgender men, 35 transgender women, 52 transgender men, and 64 nonbinary respondents (mean [SD] age, 47.1 [17.5] years; 635 [17%] were Asian, 839 [37%] were Hispanic, and 1159 [37%] were White). Past-year physical violence was reported by 22 transgender men (43%), 9 transgender women (24%), and 9 nonbinary respondents (14%). Past-year sexual violence was reported by 23 transgender men (42%), 11 transgender women (14%), and 31 nonbinary respondents (56%). Compared with cisgender women, transgender women and transgender men had greater risk of past-year physical violence (any form) (transgender women adjusted incidence rate ratio [AIRR], 6.7; 95% CI, 2.5-18.2; transgender men AIRR, 9.7; 95% CI, 5.3-17.7), as well as past-year IPV (any form) (transgender women AIRR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.3-8.0; transgender men AIRR, 6.7; 95% CI, 4.0-11.3). Relative to cisgender women, transgender men (AIRR, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.7-5.1) and nonbinary respondents (AIRR, 3.3; 95% CI, 2.1-5.2) had greater risk of past-year sexual violence (any form).
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
In this survey study of adults in California, results showed that TGD individuals, especially transgender men, are at higher risk of experiencing all forms of violence relative to cisgender women. Results highlight the need for gender-affirming violence prevention and intervention services as well as policies that protect TGD individuals from discriminatory violence.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Intimate Partner Violence; Adult; Transgender Persons; Cross-Sectional Studies; Middle Aged; California; Sex Offenses; Young Adult; Physical Abuse; Adolescent; Surveys and Questionnaires; Gender Identity
PubMed: 38916887
DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.19137 -
PloS One 2024Recent research in economics and sociology demonstrates the existence of significant occupational segregation by sexual orientation and gender identity and differences...
Recent research in economics and sociology demonstrates the existence of significant occupational segregation by sexual orientation and gender identity and differences in a range of labor market outcomes, such as hiring chances, earnings, and leadership positions. In this paper, we examine one possible cause of these differences that is associated with the disadvantaged position of sexual and gender minorities in the labor market: LGBTQ* individuals' choices aimed at avoiding possible discrimination. This paper examines LGBTQ* people's relative importance of income, time, promotion prospects, an LGBTQ*-friendly work environment, and diversity management in the decision for or against a job. Based on a discrete choice experiment conducted in a large online sample recruited through social media in Germany (N = 4,507), an LGBTQ*-friendly work climate accounted, on average, for 33.8 percent of respondents' decisions which is comparable with the relative importance of income. Overtime, a diversity management on company level and promotion prospects are less important in the job decision process of LGBTQ* people. While the results show only small differences by sexual orientation, they show group-specific preferences by gender identity. An LGBTQ*-friendly work climate is more important for cisgender women of the LGBTQ* community and gender minorities than for cisgender men of the LGBTQ* community. In contrast, income is less important for gender minorities and cisgender women of the LGBTQ* community than for cisgender men of the LGBTQ* community.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Sexual and Gender Minorities; Adult; Workplace; Germany; Career Choice; Middle Aged; Employment; Choice Behavior; Gender Identity; Young Adult; Working Conditions
PubMed: 38913684
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296419 -
Rivista Di Psichiatria 2024The Standards of Care (SOC-8) by the World Professional Association for Trans Health provide guidelines for the care of transgender and gender diverse individuals...
AIM
The Standards of Care (SOC-8) by the World Professional Association for Trans Health provide guidelines for the care of transgender and gender diverse individuals through safe and effective multi-professional interventions for physical and mental well-being. The aim of this work is to summarize the SOC-8 recommendations for childhood and adolescence, highlighting the importance of psychosocial assessment and available medical and surgical therapeutic options, and emphasizing the need for healthcare provider training.
METHODS
The SOC-8 recommendations are based on scientific evidence and professional consensus from experts in transgender health, developing classification criteria and access to therapies, based on systematic literature reviews (PubMed and Embase).
RESULTS
The SOC-8 underscores the importance of assessing and preserving gender identity, supporting prepubescent individuals from a psychosocial perspective, and ensuring adolescents access to medically and surgically conforming treatments according to local legislation. It is the responsibility of healthcare providers to understand and adapt international guidelines for an inclusive clinical practice of gender diversity.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS
Gender affirmation therapies in minors require comprehensive evaluation, parental involvement, and consideration of their cognitive and emotional maturity. Treatments should also focus on preserving fertility and accessing medicalized treatments which are beneficial to the well-being of transgender and gender diverse individuals.
Topics: Humans; Transgender Persons; Adolescent; Male; Female; Mental Health; Child; Minors; Gender Identity; Health Services Accessibility; Standard of Care; Sex Reassignment Procedures
PubMed: 38912756
DOI: 10.1708/4288.42695 -
The British Journal of General Practice... Jun 2024GP confidence and competence in relation to gender diversity and the discussion of related matters remains relatively unknown. Despite increasing demand on primary care...
BACKGROUND
GP confidence and competence in relation to gender diversity and the discussion of related matters remains relatively unknown. Despite increasing demand on primary care in dealing with matters of gender identity; contention and confusion are unfortunately widely reported amongst doctors.
AIM
We sought to formally evaluate the level of GP training and gauge desire for further training in relation to the discussion of pronouns with patients.
METHOD
We used a structured questionnaire that was sent out to GPs in Oxfordshire, facilitated by a mailing list used by the Primary Care Undergraduate Teaching Department at the University of Oxford. Additionally, we performed structured individual interviews with GPs in Oxford, who provided their contact details and expressed interest when completing the questionnaire.
RESULTS
Fourty-four GPs responded and completed the questionnaire, five of whom agreed to participate in a structured interview. Most GPs (61%) had not received any formal training. Despite this, 68% of GPs did not want more formal training in the field of gender incongruence and pronoun usage. Only one GP routinely asked patients their pronouns (2%).
CONCLUSION
Our findings highlight that a significant proportion of GPs have no formal training in relation to discussing pronouns and gender incongruence. We believe GPs should have the skills necessary to appreciate, understand and provide structured support to those with concerns in relation to their gender identity. With waiting times for gender clinics frequently exceeding 2 years, our findings emphasise the increasing importance of GP specific training in the field of gender identity.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Primary Health Care; Surveys and Questionnaires; Physician-Patient Relations; Gender Identity; Attitude of Health Personnel; General Practitioners; General Practice; Clinical Competence
PubMed: 38902059
DOI: 10.3399/bjgp24X738009 -
Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry Jun 2024Qualitative research has explored how some testicular cancer survivors (TCS) experience the psychological impacts of diagnosis and treatment. More research into the...
BACKGROUND
Qualitative research has explored how some testicular cancer survivors (TCS) experience the psychological impacts of diagnosis and treatment. More research into the impacts of testicular cancer (TC) on adolescent and young adults (AYA) is needed due to the critical period of identity development. The present study aimed to explore how AYA with TC appraise and make sense of their experience and to develop a greater understanding of psychosexual identity development in AYA TCS.
METHOD
Eight AYA TCS were interviewed. The results were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. The questions explored the experiences relating to diagnosis and treatment, how it affected their psychosexual identity development (e.g., sexual relationships and self-image) and the meanings attached to the experiences.
ANALYSIS
Four Group Experiential Themes were developed from the data; 'Dealing with the shock', 'Fear and weight of responsibility', 'those closest to me' and 'sense of change'.
DISCUSSION
The AYA TCS experiences may result in adoption of traditional masculine traits (e.g., stoicism) or abandonment of traditionally masculine traits (E.g. violence and aggression). AYA TCS also described feelings of insecurity when compared to other men. Psychology input could help manage stoicism and feelings of inferiority when compared to men with two testicles.
PubMed: 38865494
DOI: 10.1177/13591045241259920 -
Nature Jun 2024
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Gender Identity; Research; Terminology as Topic; Transgender Persons
PubMed: 38858484
DOI: 10.1038/d41586-024-01719-9 -
The Psychoanalytic Quarterly 2024The aim of this article is twofold: firstly, to describe the seven-year analytic treatment of a TG adolescent (F "April" to M "Tran") and, secondly, based on the...
The aim of this article is twofold: firstly, to describe the seven-year analytic treatment of a TG adolescent (F "April" to M "Tran") and, secondly, based on the clinical observations, to propose a reflection on the intrapsychic events linked to gender transition. We could witness during this analysis that the dissonant anatomical sex, which is at the heart of the gender dysphoria, resists mentalization and consequently its psychological integration. The psychic events of transition, understood here on the model of a mourning process, could denote the various strategies necessary to the TG individual to negotiate the obstacle of mentalization.
Topics: Humans; Adolescent; Transgender Persons; Male; Female; Gender Dysphoria; Psychoanalytic Therapy; Gender Identity
PubMed: 38847749
DOI: 10.1080/00332828.2024.2345804