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Food Chemistry Jun 2024Lipids are key aroma contributors in meat products. However, the role of different lipids in the presence of aroma compounds in roasted pigeons has not been studied. The...
Lipids are key aroma contributors in meat products. However, the role of different lipids in the presence of aroma compounds in roasted pigeons has not been studied. The formation of aroma compounds and lipids during the circulating non-fried roasting of pigeons was investigated. The results presented that 18 aroma compounds, including 5-methy-2,3-diethylpyrazine, were identified as key aroma compounds. A total of 6324 lipids were classed into 47 categories, such as phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and triglyceride (TG). Nine lipids, containing PA(P-20:0/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)) and LPC 16:0-SN1, showed promise as potential biomarkers for discriminating differential pigeons using OPLS-DA. PC (13.76%), TG (13.58%), and their products were major lipids, among which TG 16:0 16:0 18:2, LPC 18:2-SN1, and PC 18:1_18:1 played a crucial role in the presence of aroma compounds. Interestingly, the linoleic acid, an important aroma contributor, was predominantly bonded to the sn-2 position of phospholipid and sn-3 position of neutral lipids.
PubMed: 38870809
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139960 -
The Journal of Chemical Physics Jun 2024The correlation discrete variable representation (CDVR) enables multi-layer multi-configurational time-dependent Hartree (MCTDH) quantum dynamics simulations on general...
The correlation discrete variable representation (CDVR) enables multi-layer multi-configurational time-dependent Hartree (MCTDH) quantum dynamics simulations on general potential energy surfaces. In a recent study [R. Ellerbrock and U. Manthe, J. Chem. Phys. 156, 134107 (2022)], an improved CDVR that can account for the symmetry properties of a tree-shaped wavefunction representation has been introduced. This non-hierarchical CDVR drastically reduces the number of grid points required in the time-dependent quadrature used to evaluate all potential energy matrix elements. While the first studies on the non-hierarchical CDVR approach have been restricted to single-layer calculations, here the complete theory required for the implementation of the non-hierarchical CDVR approach in the multi-layer MCTDH context will be presented. Detailed equations facilitating the efficient recursive computation of all matrix elements are derived, and a new notation adapted to the symmetry properties of the tree-shaped representation is introduced. Calculations studying the non-adiabatic quantum dynamics of photoexcited pyrazine in 24 dimensions illustrate the properties of the non-hierarchical multi-layer CDVR.
PubMed: 38869316
DOI: 10.1063/5.0216977 -
Clinical Laboratory Jun 2024Both humoral and cell-mediated immunity of the patient affected by multiple myeloma (MM) are impaired; thus, infection is the main cause of the onset of symptoms and... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Both humoral and cell-mediated immunity of the patient affected by multiple myeloma (MM) are impaired; thus, infection is the main cause of the onset of symptoms and death caused by MM. Bortezomib is a first-line drug approved for patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and has significantly increased their overall survival. However, bortezomib-induced peripheral neuropathy (PN) remains a significant side effect that has led to its discontinuation in some patients. Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is thought to be related to immune damage, and most patients have cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), or mycoplasma infection before onset. Cases of GBS secondary to MM are rare.
METHODS
We provide a case of GBS caused by cytomegalovirus infection after MM treatment, and briefly review the existing literature.
RESULTS
Secondary GBS after MM. This patient received active treatment. The clinical symptoms are gradually improving.
CONCLUSIONS
The use of bortezomib has the risk of reactivating the virus. It is more about the reactivation of hep-atitis B virus. Nonetheless, cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus shall have our attention. Patients with MM need to monitor CMV, regularly, especially during the treatment of bortezomib. At the same time, they also need to closely monitor the symptoms and signs of the nervous system to guard against the occurrence of GBS.
Topics: Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Antineoplastic Agents; Bortezomib; Cytomegalovirus; Cytomegalovirus Infections; Guillain-Barre Syndrome; Multiple Myeloma
PubMed: 38868867
DOI: 10.7754/Clin.Lab.2024.231224 -
Meat Science Jun 2024This study examined the effects of constant current electrical stimulation (CCES) compared to constant voltage electrical stimulation (CVES), when applied within the...
This study examined the effects of constant current electrical stimulation (CCES) compared to constant voltage electrical stimulation (CVES), when applied within the same beef carcass (n = 79), on longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) quality and palatability. There was a stimulation method × time interaction for pH, with CCES reducing the 3 h post-mortem pH, but increasing the 72 h post-mortem pH compared to CVES (P < 0.001). The CCES decreased the meat subjective Japanese Meat Grading Agency (JMGA) colour scores (P < 0.05) and increased the objective L (P < 0.01), a (P < 0.05) and b (P < 0.05) colour values at 3 d post-mortem and L and b values (P < 0.05) during retail display compared to CVES, although the objective values from both stimulation methods were above established consumer acceptability thresholds. Additionally, CCES reduced the purge (P < 0.05) and drip (P < 0.01) losses, and tended to reduce shear force values (P = 0.089) compared to CVES, although these did not translate into differences in juiciness or tenderness evaluated by trained panelists (P > 0.1). Regarding flavour, the CCES meat had greater bloody/serumy flavour (P < 0.05) and corn aroma (P < 0.05), less unidentified aroma (P < 0.05), and tended to have greater corn flavour (P = 0.077) and less barnyard aroma (P = 0.079) than CVES meat. There were also increased concentrations of flavour-related volatile compounds including 2-methyl-butanal, 3-methyl-butanal and 2-5-dimethyl pyrazine levels (P < 0.05) with CCES. Overall, the CCES system slightly improved meat quality and flavour compared to CVES when applied to the same beef carcasses. Further consumer studies would be warranted to determine whether these differences translate into more acceptable meat.
PubMed: 38865792
DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2024.109567 -
Journal of Infection and Public Health Jul 2024Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (NMabs) are recognized for their efficacy against non-severe COVID-19. However, spike protein mutations may confer resistance. This... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Unveiling therapeutic dynamics: An in-depth comparative analysis of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies and favipiravir in alleviating COVID-19 outpatients impacts among middle-aged and special populations (MA-FAST).
BACKGROUND
Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (NMabs) are recognized for their efficacy against non-severe COVID-19. However, spike protein mutations may confer resistance. This study evaluates the effectiveness of favipiravir (FPV) versus NMabs in preventing severe COVID-19 in special populations.
METHODS
A retrospective cohort was conducted on middle-aged, elderly, diabetic, or obese patients with COVID-19 treated with either FPV or NMabs. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used for analysis.
RESULTS
The study included 1410 patients, resulting in four cohorts: middle-aged (36), elderly (48), diabetic (46), and obese (28) post-PSM. No significant differences were noted in 28-day emergency department (ED) visits across all groups between NMabs and FPV treatments, despite lower immunity in the FPV group. However, the diabetic group treated with FPV had higher 28-day hospitalization and oxygen supplemental, with no differences in the other groups. Intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, invasive mechanical ventilation, and mortality rates were similar between the two treatments.
CONCLUSIONS
Early dose-adjusted FPV showed no difference from NMabs in preventing ED visits, ICU admissions, ventilator needs, or mortality among patients with major comorbidities. Diabetic patients on FPV experienced higher hospitalizations and oxygen needs, with no observed differences in other groups. FPV may be a viable alternative, especially in settings with limited resources.
Topics: Humans; Amides; Pyrazines; Middle Aged; Male; Female; Retrospective Studies; Aged; Antibodies, Neutralizing; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; SARS-CoV-2; Antiviral Agents; Antibodies, Monoclonal; COVID-19; Hospitalization; Obesity; Outpatients; Diabetes Mellitus; Adult
PubMed: 38865775
DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102471 -
Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao. Yi Xue Ban =... Jun 2024To assess the safety of sitagliptin added to metformin on cardiovascular adverse events in real world patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
OBJECTIVE
To assess the safety of sitagliptin added to metformin on cardiovascular adverse events in real world patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
METHODS
Real world data from Yinzhou Regional Health Care Database were used to select T2DM patients with diagnosis and treatment records in the platform from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2022. According to drug prescription records, the patients were divided into metformin plus sitagliptin group (combination group) and metformin monotherapy group(monotherapy group). A series of retrospective cohorts were constructed according to the index date.Finally, full retrospective cohorts were constructed according to propensity score model, including baseline covariates that might be related to outcomes, to match the subjects in the combination group and monotherapy group for the purpose of increasing the comparability of baseline characteristics. The participants were followed up from the index date until the first occurrence of the following events: Diagnosis of outcomes, death, or the end of the study period (December 31, 2022). Cox proportional risk model was used to estimate the hazard ratio()and 95% confidence interval () of sitagliptin added to metformin on 3-point major adverse cardiovascular events (3P-MACE) combination outcome and secondary cardiovascular outcomes.
RESULTS
Before propensity score matching, the proportion of the patients in combination group using insulin, α glucosidase inhibitors, sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2I) and glienides at baseline was higher than that in monotherapy group, and the baseline fasting blood glucose (FBG) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels in combination group were higher than those in monotherapy group. After propensity score matching, 5 416 subjects were included in the combination group and the monotherapy group, and baseline characteristics were effectively balanced between the groups. The incidence densities of 3P-MACE were 6.41/100 person years and 6.35/100 person years, respectively. Sitagliptin added to metformin did not increase or decrease the risk of 3P-MACE compared with the metformin monotherapy (=1.00, 95% : 0.91-1.10). In secondary outcomes analysis, the incidence of cardiovascular death was lower in the combination group than in the monotherapy group (=0.59, 95% : 0.41-0.85), and no association was found between sitagliptin and the risk of myocardial infarction and stroke (=1.12, 95% : 0.89-1.41; =0.99, 95% : 0.91-1.12).
CONCLUSION
In T2DM patients in Yinzhou district of Ningbo, compared with metformin alone, sitagliptin added to metformin may reduce the risk of cardiovascular death, and do not increase the incidence of overall cardiovascular events. The results of this study can provide real-world evidence for post-marketing cardiovascular safety evaluation of sitagliptin.
Topics: Humans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Sitagliptin Phosphate; Metformin; Retrospective Studies; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Female; Drug Therapy, Combination; Cardiovascular Diseases; Middle Aged; Propensity Score; Proportional Hazards Models; Aged
PubMed: 38864127
DOI: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2024.03.008 -
BMC Endocrine Disorders Jun 2024Activating mutation in Ubiquitin-specific peptidase (USP8) is identified to enhance cell proliferation and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretion from corticotroph...
OBJECTIVE
Activating mutation in Ubiquitin-specific peptidase (USP8) is identified to enhance cell proliferation and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretion from corticotroph pituitary adenoma. We investigated the USP8 variant status in a population of Iranian people with functional corticotroph pituitary adenoma (FCPA). Moreover, a systematic review was conducted to thoroughly explore the role of USP8 variants and the related pathways in corticotroph adenomas, genotype-phenotype correlation in USP8-mutated individuals with FCPA, and the potential role of USP8 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) as targeted therapies in PFCAs.
METHODS
Genetic analysis of 20 tissue samples from 19 patients with PFCAs was performed using Sanger sequencing. Moreover, a systematic literature review was performed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. PubMed, Scopus, web of Sciences, and Cochrane databases were searched. The last search was performed on 20 September 2023 for all databases.
RESULTS
In our series, we found two somatic mutations including a 7-bp deletion variant: c.2151_2157delCTCCTCC, p. Ser718GlnfsTer3, and a missense variant: c.2159 C > G, p. Pro720Arg (rs672601311) in exon 14. The Systematic review indicated USP8 variant in 35% of corticotroph adenomas, with the highest frequency (25%) in 720 code regions, p. Pro720Arg. Data regarding the impact of USP8 mutational status on clinical characteristics and outcomes in FCPAs are inconsistent. Moreover, Pasireotide as well as inhibitors of EGFR such as Gefitinib and Lapatinib, as well as USP8 inhibitors including -ehtyloxyimino9H-indeno (1, 2-b) pyrazine-2, 3-dicarbonitrile, DUBs-IN-2, and RA-9 indicated promising results in treatment of corticotroph adenomas.
CONCLUSION
Although the USP8-EGFR system has been identified as the main trigger and target of corticotroph tumorigenesis, more precise multicenter studies are required to yield more consistent information regarding the phenotype-genotype correlation and to develop effective targeted therapies.
Topics: Humans; Ubiquitin Thiolesterase; Iran; Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport; Pituitary ACTH Hypersecretion; Adult; Female; Male; Endopeptidases; Mutation; Middle Aged; ACTH-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma; Middle Eastern People
PubMed: 38862897
DOI: 10.1186/s12902-024-01619-z -
Analytical Chemistry Jun 2024Low-field (LF) MRI promises soft-tissue imaging without the expensive, immobile magnets of clinical scanners but generally suffers from limited detection sensitivity and...
Low-field (LF) MRI promises soft-tissue imaging without the expensive, immobile magnets of clinical scanners but generally suffers from limited detection sensitivity and contrast. The sensitivity boost provided by hyperpolarization can thus be highly synergistic with LF MRI. Initial efforts to integrate a continuous-bubbling SABRE (signal amplification by reversible exchange) hyperpolarization setup with a portable, point-of-care 64 mT clinical MRI scanner are reported. Results from H SABRE MRI of pyrazine and nicotinamide are compared with those of benchtop NMR spectroscopy. Comparison with MRI signals from samples with known HO/DO ratios allowed quantification of the SABRE enhancements of imaged samples with various substrate concentrations (down to 3 mM). Respective limits of detection and quantification of 3.3 and 10.1 mM were determined with pyrazine H polarization () enhancements of ∼1900 ( ∼0.04%), supporting ongoing and envisioned efforts to realize SABRE-enabled MRI-based molecular imaging.
Topics: Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Point-of-Care Systems; Niacinamide; Molecular Imaging; Pyrazines; Humans
PubMed: 38857182
DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01299 -
Acta Crystallographica Section B,... Jun 2024A new Zn coordination polymer (CP) based on 2,3-pyrazine dicarboxylic acid (Hpzdc) and 4,4'-bipyridine (bpy) (ZCP) was synthesized using a facile slow evaporation...
A new Zn coordination polymer (CP) based on 2,3-pyrazine dicarboxylic acid (Hpzdc) and 4,4'-bipyridine (bpy) (ZCP) was synthesized using a facile slow evaporation method. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction revealed that ZCP is a two-dimensional porous CP, [Zn(pzdc)(bpy)(HO)], with van der Waals forces as the dominant interaction within its layers forming a 6 network. Employing energetic ultrasound irradiation, nanoscale ZCP (nZCP) was successfully synthesized and Eu ions were incorporated within its host lattice (Eu@nZCP). The resulting platform exhibits superior fluorescence characteristics and demonstrates notable optical durability. Therefore, it was used as a dual detection fluorescent sensing platform for the detection of mercury and L-cysteine (L-Cys) in aqueous media through a turn-off/on strategy. In the turn-off process, the fluorescence emission of Eu@nZCP progressively quenches by the addition of Hg via a photo-induced electron transfer (PET) mechanism. The fluorescence of Eu@nZCP is quenched to establish a low fluorescence background through the incorporation of Hg. This devised turn-on fluorescent system is suitable for the recognition of L-Cys (based on the strong affinity of L-Cys to the Hg ion) through a quencher detachment mechanism. This method attained a relatively wide linear range, spanning from 0.001 to 25 µM, with the low detection limit of 5 nM for the sensing of Hg. Also, the corresponding limit of detection (LOD) for L-Cys is 8 nM in a relatively wide linear range, spanning from 0.001 to 40 µM.
PubMed: 38856649
DOI: 10.1107/S2052520624003019 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2024The European brittle star Amphiura filiformis emits blue light, via a Renilla-like luciferase, which depends on the dietary acquisition of coelenterazine. Questions...
The European brittle star Amphiura filiformis emits blue light, via a Renilla-like luciferase, which depends on the dietary acquisition of coelenterazine. Questions remain regarding luciferin availability across seasons and the persistence of luminous capabilities after a single boost of coelenterazine. To date, no study has explored the seasonal, long-term monitoring of these luminous capabilities or the tracking of luciferase expression in photogenic tissues. Through multidisciplinary analysis, we demonstrate that luminous capabilities evolve according to the exogenous acquisition of coelenterazine throughout adult life. Moreover, no coelenterazine storage forms are detected within the arms tissues. Luciferase expression persists throughout the seasons, and coelenterazine's presence in the brittle star diet is the only limiting factor for the bioluminescent reaction. No seasonal variation is observed, involving a continuous presence of prey containing coelenterazine. The ultrastructure description provides a morphological context to investigate the green autofluorescence signal attributed to coelenterazine during luciferin acquisition. Finally, histological analyses support the hypothesis of a pigmented sheath leading light to the tip of the spine. These insights improve our understanding of the bioluminescence phenomenon in this burrowing brittle star.
Topics: Animals; Seasons; Pyrazines; Imidazoles; Echinodermata; Luminescence; Luciferases; Luminescent Measurements; Light
PubMed: 38853171
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64010-x