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Marine Environmental Research Jan 2024Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) inoculation is a crucial strategy for maintaining the sustainability of agriculture and presents a promising solution for...
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) inoculation is a crucial strategy for maintaining the sustainability of agriculture and presents a promising solution for seagrass ecological restoration in the face of disturbances. However, the possible roles and functions of PGPRs in the seagrass rhizosphere remain unclear. Here, we isolated rhizosphere bacterial strains from both reef and coastal regions and screened two PGPR isolates regarding their in vivo functional traits. Subsequently, we conducted microcosm experiments to elucidate how PGPR inoculation affected seagrass photosynthesis and shape within each rhizosphere microbiome. Both screened PGPR strains, Raoultella terrigena NXT28 and Bacillus aryabhattai XT37, excelled at expressing a specific subset of plant-beneficial functions and increased the photosynthetic rates of the seagrass host. PGPR inoculation not only decreased the abundance of sulfur-cycling bacteria, it also improved the abundance of putative iron-cycling bacteria in the seagrass rhizosphere. Strain XT37 successfully colonized the seagrass rhizosphere and displayed a leading role in microbial network structure. As a nitrogen-fixing bacteria, NXT28 showed potential to change the microbial nitrogen cycle with denitrification in the rhizosphere and alter dissimilatory and assimilatory nitrate reduction in bulk sediment. These findings have implications for the development of eco-friendly strategies aimed at exploiting microbial communities to confer sulfide tolerance in coastal seagrass ecosystem.
Topics: Hydrocharitaceae; Rhizosphere; Bacteria; Photosynthesis; Microbiota; Plant Roots
PubMed: 38061311
DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106260 -
Cureus Oct 2023We present a case of () infection that resulted in community-acquired pneumonia in an immunocompetent patient with an eight-week history of productive cough. This...
We present a case of () infection that resulted in community-acquired pneumonia in an immunocompetent patient with an eight-week history of productive cough. This gram-negative bacterium is typically found in the environment and has the potential to infect humans. infections in humans have been recorded in several case reports from throughout the world in recent years, usually affecting immunocompromised patients. Although is sensitive to most antibiotic groups, recent studies have revealed an increase in the infrequent acquisition of resistance genes in , such as carbapenem resistance, making this pathogen a potential emergent threat. Our patient acquired pneumonia in the absence of any underlying risk factors, making this the first case in the UK of causing community-acquired pneumonia in an immunocompetent person.
PubMed: 38021927
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47188 -
Environmental Science and Pollution... Dec 2023The treatment of cooking oil wastewater is an urgent issue need to be solved. We aimed to screen for efficient oil-degrading bacteria and develop a new microbial agent...
The treatment of cooking oil wastewater is an urgent issue need to be solved. We aimed to screen for efficient oil-degrading bacteria and develop a new microbial agent for degrading waste cooking oil in oily wastewater. Three extremely effective oil-degrading bacteria, known as YZQ-1, YZQ-3, and YZQ-4, were found by the enrichment and acclimation of samples from various sources and separation using oil degradation plates. The 16S rRNA sequencing analysis and phylogenetic tree construction showed that the three strains were Bacillus tropicus, Pseudomonas multiresinivorans, and Raoultella terrigena. Under optimal degradation conditions, the maximal degradation rates were 67.30 ± 3.69%, 89.65 ± 1.08%, and 79.60 ± 5.30%, respectively, for YZQ-1, YZQ-3, and YZQ-4. Lipase activity was highest for YZQ-3, reaching 94.82 ± 12.89 U/L. The best bacterial alliance was obtained by adding equal numbers of microbial cells from the three strains. Moreover, when this bacterial alliance was applied to oily wastewater, the degradation rate of waste cooking oil was 61.13 ± 7.30% (3.67% ± 2.13% in the control group), and COD removal was 62.4% ± 5.65% (55.60% ± 0.71% in the control group) in 72 h. Microbial community analysis results showed YZQ-1 and YZQ-3 were adaptable to wastewater and could coexist with local bacteria, whereas YZQ-4 could not survive in wastewater. Therefore, the combination of YZQ-1 and YZQ-3 can efficiently degrade oil and shows great potential for oily wastewater treatment.
Topics: Wastewater; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Phylogeny; Oils; Bacteria; Biodegradation, Environmental
PubMed: 38001293
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31107-1 -
Veterinary Sciences Oct 2023The spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the environment exacerbates the contamination of these genes; therefore, the role plants play in the transmission of...
The spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the environment exacerbates the contamination of these genes; therefore, the role plants play in the transmission of resistance genes in the food chain requires further research. Giant pandas consume different bamboo parts at different times, which provides the possibility of investigating how a single food source can affect the variation in the spread of ARGs. In this study, metagenomic analysis and the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database (CARD) database were used to annotate ARGs and the differences in gut microbiota ARGs during the consumption of bamboo shoots, leaves, and culms by captive giant pandas. These ARGs were then compared to investigate the impact of bamboo part consumption on the spread of ARGs. The results showed that the number of ARGs in the gut microbiota of the subjects was highest during the consumption of bamboo leaves, while the variety of ARGs was highest during the consumption of shoots. Escherichia coli, which poses a higher risk of ARG dissemination, was significantly higher in the leaf group, while , , and were significantly higher in the shoot group. The ARG risk brought by bamboo shoots and leaves may originate from soil and environmental pollution. It is recommended to handle the feces of giant pandas properly and regularly monitor the antimicrobial and virulence genes in their gut microbiota to mitigate the threat of antibiotic resistance.
PubMed: 37999453
DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10110630 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2023In this study, we determined and identified the bacterial diversity of different types of artisanal and industrially produced cheese. The antibiotic (erythromycin,...
In this study, we determined and identified the bacterial diversity of different types of artisanal and industrially produced cheese. The antibiotic (erythromycin, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, ampicillin, clindamycin, streptomycin, tetracycline, and gentamicin) and biocide (peracetic acid, sodium hypochlorite, and benzalkonium chloride) resistance of clinically relevant bacteria was determined as follows: , , sp., , , , , , , , sp., , , , , and Also, the effect of the sub-inhibitory concentration of three biocides on antibiotic resistance was determined. The microbiota of evaluated dairy products comprise diverse and heterogeneous groups of bacteria with respect to antibiotic and disinfectant tolerance. The results indicated that resistance was common in the case of ampicillin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, and streptomycin. sp. SCSSZT2/3, SRGT/1, SAT/1, MTT/5, and SIJ/2 showed resistance to most antibiotics. The tested bacteria showed sensitivity to peracetic acid and a different level of tolerance to benzalkonium chloride and sodium hypochlorite. The inhibition zone diameter of antibiotics against SZT/2, JS11, CSKO2, and GRT/10 was affected only by the sub-inhibitory concentration of peracetic acid.
PubMed: 37959056
DOI: 10.3390/foods12213937 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023Rapid industrialization and urbanization have led to widespread metal contamination in aquatic ecosystems. This study explores the metal tolerance and biosorption...
Rapid industrialization and urbanization have led to widespread metal contamination in aquatic ecosystems. This study explores the metal tolerance and biosorption characteristics of four bacterial strains ( sp. L2, sp. L30, sp. R3, and sp. R19) isolated from Saint Clair River sediments. These strains effectively removed various metal cations (As, Pb, Cu, Mn, Zn, Cd, Cr, and Ni) in single and multi-metal solutions. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays revealed strain-specific variations in metal tolerance, with L2 and L30 exhibiting higher tolerance. Surprisingly, R3 and R19, despite lower tolerance, demonstrated superior metal removal efficiency, challenging the notion that tolerance dictates removal efficacy. In single-metal solutions, R3 and R19 excelled at extracting various metal ions, while competitive binding in multi-metal solutions hindered removal. However, R3 and R19 retained higher removal efficiencies, possibly due to enhanced flocculation activities facilitating metal-ion contact. Comprehensive Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis highlighted the strains' metal-binding capabilities, with novel peaks emerging after metal exposure, indicative of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) production. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) confirmed metal accumulation on bacterial surfaces and within cytoplasmic regions and revealed morphological changes and metal adsorption patterns, emphasizing the strains' ability to adapt to metal stress. Scanning transmission microscopy (STEM) and EDX analysis uncovered metal accumulation within bacterial cells, underscoring the complexity of microbial-metal interactions. This study also confirms that the simultaneous presence of an aqueous solution may cause a mutual inhibition in the adsorption of each metal to the EPS resulting in reduced metal uptake, which emphasizes the need to select specific bacterial strains for a given metal-containing effluent. The differences in metal distribution patterns between sp. R19 and sp. L30 suggest species-specific metal accumulation strategies driven by environmental conditions and metal availability. The heavy metal-removing capabilities and the ability to grow over a wide range of metal concentrations of the strains used in this study may offer an advantage to employ these organisms for metal remediation in bioreactors or .
PubMed: 37942073
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1278886 -
Annals of Clinical Microbiology and... Nov 2023Globally, surgical site infections (SSI) are the most commonly reported healthcare-associated infections.
BACKGROUND
Globally, surgical site infections (SSI) are the most commonly reported healthcare-associated infections.
METHODS
A multicentre study was conducted among patients who underwent surgical procedures at four hospitals located in Northern (Debre Tabor), Southern (Hawassa), Southwest (Jimma), and Central (Tikur Anbessa) parts of Ethiopia. A total of 752 patients clinically studied for surgical site infection were enrolled. The number of patients from Debre Tabor, Hawassa, Jimma, and Tikur Anbessa, hospitals was 172, 184, 193, and 203, respectively. At each study site, SSI discharge culture was performed from all patients, and positive cultures were characterized by colony characteristics, Gram stain, and conventional biochemical tests. Each bacterial species was confirmed using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI TOF). An antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST) was done on Mueller-Hinton agar using the disk diffusion method. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess associations of dependent and independent variables. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Data were analysed using STATA 16 software.
RESULTS
Among 752 wound discharge cultures performed, 65.5% yielded growth. Among these, 57.9% and 42.1% were Gram-negative and Gram-positive isolates, respectively. In this study, a total of 494 bacteria were isolated; Staphylococcus aureus (31%), Escherichia coli (20.7%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (9.8%) were the most common. Rare isolates (0.8% each) included Raoultella ornithinolytica, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Alcalignes faecalis, Pantoea ecurina, Bacillus flexus, and Paenibacillus tylopili. Enterobacteriaceae showed high levels of resistance to most of the tested antibiotics but lower levels of ertapenem (32.9%), amikacin (24.3%), imipenem (20.3%), and meropenem (17.6%) resistance. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) frequency of Enterobacteriaceae at Debre Tabor, Hawassa, Jimma, and Tikur Anbessa hospitals was 84.5%, 96.5%, 97.3%, and 94%, respectively. Ages ≥ 61 years (AOR = 2.83, 95% CI: 1.02-7.99; P 0.046), prolonged duration of hospital stay (AOR = 4.15, 95% CI: 2.87-6.01; P 0.000), history of previous antibiotics use (AOR = 2.83, 95% CI: 1.06-2.80; P 0.028), history of smoking (AOR = 2.35, 95% CI: 1.44-3.83; P 0.001), emergency surgery (AOR = 2.65, 95% CI: 1.92-3.66; P 0.000), and duration of operation (AOR = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.181-0.392; P 0.000) were significant risk factors.
CONCLUSION
The most prevalent isolates from Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria across all hospitals were S. aureus and E. coli, respectively. Many newly emerging Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria were identified. Variation between hospitals was found for both SSI etiology type and MDR frequencies. Hence, to prevent the emergence and spread of MDR bacteria, standard bacteriological tests and their AST are indispensable for effective antimicrobial stewardship.
Topics: Humans; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Surgical Wound Infection; Cross-Sectional Studies; Staphylococcus aureus; Escherichia coli; Ethiopia; Prospective Studies; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Bacteria; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial
PubMed: 37936207
DOI: 10.1186/s12941-023-00643-6 -
Microbiology Spectrum Dec 2023Plasmid-mediated mobile colistin-resistance genes have been recognized as a global threat because they jeopardize the efficacy of colistin in therapeutic practice. Here,...
Plasmid-mediated mobile colistin-resistance genes have been recognized as a global threat because they jeopardize the efficacy of colistin in therapeutic practice. Here, we described the genetic features of two -carrying Gram-negative bacteria with a colistin-resistant phenotype derived from vegetables in Japan. The colistin-resistant , which has never been detected in vegetables, was located on a large plasmid in CST17-2 and CST129-1, suggesting a high chance of horizontal gene transfer. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of in . This study indicates that fresh vegetables might be a potential source for the transmission of genes encoding resistance to frontline (colistin) and clinically relevant antimicrobials. The study also provides additional consideration for colistin use and the relevance of routine surveillance in epidemiological perspective to curb the continuous spread of alleles.
Topics: Colistin; Enterobacter cloacae; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Vegetables; Japan; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Plasmids; Transferases; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 37909761
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01063-23 -
Microorganisms Oct 2023is an bacterium that can infect both humans and animals, while luteolin-7-O-glucoside (IOG) is a flavonoid that has broad effects on the intestinal microbiota of...
Effects of Luteolin-7-O-Glucoside on Intestinal Microbiota Dysbiosis and Drug Resistance Transmission Caused by B1645-1: Modulating the Composition of Intestinal Microbiota and Promoting the Transfer of Gene from Genus to in Mice.
is an bacterium that can infect both humans and animals, while luteolin-7-O-glucoside (IOG) is a flavonoid that has broad effects on the intestinal microbiota of healthy animals. However, current studies lack sufficient data on intestinal microbiota dysbiosis and drug resistance transmission caused by and the possible role of IOG. In this study, BALB/c mice were infected with carrying gene and treated with IOG (3 mg/kg·d and 6 mg/kg·d) to analyze the diversity of intestinal microbiota and the transfer of between bacteria. The findings indicated that B1645-1 exhibited a significant ability to enhance the / ratio and increase the relative abundance of and after 48 h, where as 6 mg/kg·d IOG had an opposite effect. Moreover, B1645-1 facilitated the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria and promoted gene transfer in , , , , , , and . was the predominant genus at 48 h. Surprisingly, 6 mg/kg·d IOG significantly inhibited the production of drug-resistant bacteria and promoted gene transfer from to at 144 h. However, the role of as a recipient for drug-resistant genes should be of more concern.
PubMed: 37894135
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102477 -
Chemistry & Biodiversity Dec 2023Lichens are symbiotic organisms made up of alga/cyanobacterium and fungus. We investigated antioxidant, antibacterial and anticancer properties of two lichen compounds,...
Lichens are symbiotic organisms made up of alga/cyanobacterium and fungus. We investigated antioxidant, antibacterial and anticancer properties of two lichen compounds, atranorin and salazinic acid, and five lichen species: Heterodermia boryi, Heterodermia diademata, Heterodermia hypocaesia, Parmotrema reticulatum, and Stereocaulon foliolosum. Free radical scavenging, Ferric reducing potential, Nitric oxide scavenging, and Trolox equivalent capacity were used to measure antioxidant activity. Strong radical scavenging action was demonstrated by atranorin and salazinic acid, with IC values of 39.31 μM and 12.14 μM, respectively. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) assay based on resazurin, was used to measure antibacterial activity. Parmotrema reticulatum demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against Raoultella planticola with MIC of 7.8 μg/mL. Cytotoxicity assay on breast cancer cell line was used to assess anticancer activity. To further understand the binding locations on the target proteins Er (Estrogen Receptor alpha), EGFR (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor), mTOR (Mammalian Target of Rapamycin), and PgR (Progesterone Receptor), molecular docking experiments were conducted. Docking study showed that the binding energies of atranorin and salazinic acid with mTOR were -5.31 kcal/mol and -3.43 kcal/mol, respectively. The results suggest that atranorin has the potential to be a multitargeted molecule with natural antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer properties.
Topics: Humans; Antioxidants; Lichens; Molecular Docking Simulation; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
PubMed: 37888876
DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301229