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Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia... 2023In vitro excystation of cysts of microscopically identified Chilomastix mesnili and Retortamonas sp. isolated from Japanese macaques and Retortamonas sp. isolated from...
In vitro excystation of cysts of microscopically identified Chilomastix mesnili and Retortamonas sp. isolated from Japanese macaques and Retortamonas sp. isolated from small Indian mongooses could be induced using an established protocol for Giardia intestinalis and subsequently by culturing with H2S-rich Robinson's medium supplemented with Desulfovibrio desulfuricans. Excystation usually began 2 h after incubation in Robinson's medium. DNA was isolated from excysted flagellates after 4 h of incubation or from cultured excysted flagellates. Phylogenetic analysis based on their 18S rRNA genes revealed that two isolates of C. mesnili from Japanese macaques belonged to the same cluster as a C. mesnili isolate from humans, whereas a mammalian Retortamonas sp. isolate from a small Indian mongoose belonged to the same cluster as that of an amphibian Retortamonas spp. isolate from a 'poison arrow frog' [sequence identity to AF439347 (94.9%)]. These results suggest that the sequence homology of the 18S rRNA gene of the two C. mesnili isolates from Japanese macaques was similar to that of humans, in addition to the morphological similarity, and Retortamonas sp. infection of the amphibian type in the small Indian mongoose highlighted the possibility of the effect of host feeding habitats.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Phylogeny; Retortamonadidae; Herpestidae; Macaca fuscata; Parasites; RNA, Ribosomal, 18S
PubMed: 38055438
DOI: 10.1590/S1984-29612023070 -
Journal of Water and Health Apr 2019To determine the role of soils in dissemination of enteric protozoan cysts and intestinal eggs and/or larvae of helminths, a study was carried out on muddy soils around...
To determine the role of soils in dissemination of enteric protozoan cysts and intestinal eggs and/or larvae of helminths, a study was carried out on muddy soils around springs and wells of six districts in Yaounde, Cameroon from February to July 2015. Protozoan cysts and helminth eggs and larvae were observed microscopically after concentration by standard scientific methods. Flagellated enteric protozoa cysts were detected at an average density of 245 ± 145 cysts/L for Giardia intestinalis, 308 ±190 cysts/L for Chilomastix mesnili, 105 ± 106 cysts/L for Enteromonas hominis and 96 ± 118 cysts/L for Retortamonas intestinalis. Cyst densities were higher during the short rainy season (277 ± 119 cysts/L) than in the short dry season (147 ± 60 cysts/L). The helminths identified were Ascaris sp., Enterobius sp., Necator americanus and/or Ancylostoma duodenale, Strongyloides sp., Taenia sp., Hymenolepis sp., Diphyllobothrium sp. and Fasciola sp. Size varied between 40 μm and 200 μm for eggs and between 100 μm and 600 μm for the larvae assessed. Densities of environmental forms of the helminths were also higher during the short rainy season (176 ± 77 agents/L) than during the short dry season (117 ± 49 agents/L). These results show that muddy soils could contribute to the contamination of wells and springs and should be considered in epidemiological studies of intestinal parasites.
Topics: Animals; Cameroon; Feces; Parasites; Parasitic Diseases; Soil; Water; Water Supply
PubMed: 30942781
DOI: 10.2166/wh.2018.159 -
Parasitology International Apr 2019Retortamonas spp. has been reported as an intestinal parasite among various host organisms, including humans; however, its intra-genus molecular diversity has not yet...
Retortamonas spp. has been reported as an intestinal parasite among various host organisms, including humans; however, its intra-genus molecular diversity has not yet been elucidated. Haplotypes of the 18S small subunit ribosomal RNA locus (1836-1899 bp) of Retortamonas spp. from humans (n = 8), pigs (n = 6), dogs (n = 1), goats (n = 16), water buffalos (n = 23), cattle (n = 7), rats (n = 3), and chickens (n = 5) were analyzed with references isolated from non-human mammals, amphibians, and insects. Phylogenetic and network analyses revealed a statistically supported three cluster formation among the vertebrate-isolated haplotypes, while insect-isolated haplotypes were independently clustered with Chilomastix. In the clade of vertebrate isolates, assemblage A (amphibian genotype), which included the amphibian references, was addressed as an out-group of the other clusters. Assemblage B (mammalian and chicken genotype) included most haplotypes from various mammals including humans with the haplotypes isolated from a chicken. Human isolates were all classified into this assemblage, thus assemblage B might correspond to R. intestinalis. Assemblage C (bovine genotype), which included specific haplotypes from water buffalos and cattle, was addressed as a sister lineage of assemblage B. Among the diversified haplotypes of assemblage B, a specific haplotype, which was identified from multiple host mammals (humans, dogs, pigs, cattle, water buffalos, elks, goats, and rats), indicates the potential zoonotic transmission of the Retortamonas among them. The genotyping classification of retortamonads could contribute to a better understanding of its molecular epidemiology, especially among humans and related host organisms.
Topics: Animals; Buffaloes; Cattle; Chickens; DNA, Protozoan; Dogs; Feces; Gene Regulatory Networks; Genotype; Goats; Haplotypes; Humans; Insecta; Intestines; Phylogeny; Protozoan Proteins; RNA, Ribosomal; Rats; Retortamonadidae; Swine; Zoonoses
PubMed: 30550977
DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2018.12.004