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Cureus Apr 2024Periodontitis is a prevalent condition significantly affecting oral health. Comorbid conditions, such as diabetes, can heighten the severity of periodontal disease and...
INTRODUCTION
Periodontitis is a prevalent condition significantly affecting oral health. Comorbid conditions, such as diabetes, can heighten the severity of periodontal disease and overall oral health. Therefore, to enhance oral health and manage comorbid conditions, comprehensive periodontal care is essential. This approach could involve using toothpaste containing antimicrobial ingredients in routine oral care. This paper presents the results of an in vitro study analysing the antimicrobial properties of the test formulation containing zinc citrate, alum, sodium fluoride, and xylitol-based toothpaste (Stolin-R). These ingredients work together to help in providing comprehensive oral care by controlling growth of bacteria majorly responsible for periodontal disease and thus maintaining optimal oral hygiene.
AIM
To determine the antimicrobial properties of zinc citrate, alum, sodium fluoride, and xylitol-based toothpaste formulation against key periodontal pathogens through in vitro analyses.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The antimicrobial efficacy of test formulation is evaluated through minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and time-dependent antibacterial assessment against key periodontal pathogens, including , and .
RESULTS
The test formulation demonstrated potent antimicrobial effectiveness against , and , by exhibiting low MIC and MBC. Additionally, significant bacterial reduction, exceeding 99.99%, was observed within five minutes, emphasising its potential as an effective adjunct in combating periodontal infection.
CONCLUSION
Zinc citrate, alum, sodium fluoride, and xylitol-based toothpaste formulation demonstrates significant antimicrobial activity against key periodontal pathogens, suggesting its potential as an effective agent for maintaining oral health and combating gingival infection.
PubMed: 38826609
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59413 -
Journal of Musculoskeletal & Neuronal... Jun 2024Increasingly Charcot neuroarthropathy (CN) is being recognized in patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease. In this report, we describe a case of CN in a CMT...
Increasingly Charcot neuroarthropathy (CN) is being recognized in patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease. In this report, we describe a case of CN in a CMT patient, adding to the very scarce literature describing this association. We additionally report his unique evaluation with fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and sodium fluoride (NaF) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scanning, the study of which is limited in CN despite its promising role. A 54-year-old known case of CMT, presented with left foot pain, and swelling for 4 months. Weakness and sensory deficits as a result of CMT were evident in both lower and upper limbs. His x-ray was suggestive of CN. Both FDG and NaF PET/CT scanning demonstrated increased tracer uptake in the first tarsometatarsal joint (TMTJ), in keeping with CN. Recognition of the association of CMT with CN is of vital importance as early diagnosis relies on high clinical suspicion. Characterizing risk factors of CN in CMT patients is still under study. Moreover, there is lack of data evaluating the role of PET/CT in CN and specifically in the context of CMT.
Topics: Humans; Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease; Middle Aged; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Male; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Sodium Fluoride; Arthropathy, Neurogenic; Radiopharmaceuticals
PubMed: 38826006
DOI: No ID Found -
Carbohydrate Polymers Sep 2024A new zirconium and cerium-modified polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC) film (PVA/CMC-Zr-Ce) was synthesized thru a high-speed shear-assisted...
A new zirconium and cerium-modified polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC) film (PVA/CMC-Zr-Ce) was synthesized thru a high-speed shear-assisted method and its adsorption for the removal of fluoride was studied, in which the NaCMC provided -COONa for ion exchange between Na and Zr-Ce, thus the loading amount of Zr-Ce on films was accordingly increased. The morphology and structure of PVA/CMC-Zr-Ce were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Besides, the mechanical properties, water contact angle, and swelling ratio of film were also evaluated. The addition of high-speed shear improved the dispersion of the emulsion system, and PVA/CMC-Zr-Ce film with good adsorption performance and film stability was prepared. While, it was found that the adsorption capacity could reach 67.25 mg/g and equilibrium time could reach 20 min. The adsorption mechanism of PVA/CMC-Zr-Ce revealed that ion exchange between hydroxide and fluoride, electrostatic interactions and complexation were the dominating influencing factors. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that PVA/CMC-Zr-Ce film- synthesized with high-speed shear assistance technique is a promising adsorbent for fluoride removal from water.
PubMed: 38823909
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122239 -
Evidence-based Dentistry Jun 2024An in vitro study to determine the immediate and sustained effect of fluoride varnish and its combination with fluoride toothpastes in preventing the development of root...
DESIGN
An in vitro study to determine the immediate and sustained effect of fluoride varnish and its combination with fluoride toothpastes in preventing the development of root caries.
CASE SELECTION
Human root dentine samples (150) were randomly divided into five experimental protocols of 30 specimens each: 1) fluoride varnish (22,600 ppm fluoride and 1-5% CPP-ACP); 2) fluoride varnish followed by Paste One (1100 ppm sodium fluoride and CPP-ACP); 3) fluoride varnish followed by Paste Plus (900 ppm sodium fluoride and CPP-ACP); 4) fluoride varnish followed by Paste One and Paste Plus; and 5) no treatment (control). A layer of varnish was applied to specimens except the control group and was left in situ for 18 h. The varnish layer was removed, and the various toothpaste treatments were initiated. Half of the specimens in each group were assigned to a short-term incubation model in which they were immediately subjected to a 7-day cariogenic challenge consisting of a combination of human saliva and artificial saliva containing 2% sucrose. The other half of the specimens in each group were assigned to the long-term incubation model in which the experimental protocol was continued for 8 weeks before initiating the seven-day cariogenic challenge. The protocols were evaluated by assessing dentine porosity (rhodamine intensity), mineral density, biofilm biomass, and viability assays.
DATA ANALYSIS
Confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to determine dentine porosity and Levene's test was used to verify the assumption of equality of variances and normal distribution of errors before two-way ANOVA and the Games-Howell test were carried out at a significance level of 0.05 for both incubation models. Microcomputed tomography was used to determine mineral density with statistical analysis involving Levene's test, two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test at a significance level of 0.05 for both incubation models. Biomass was evaluated using a biofilm biomass assay with analysis of optical density data using Levene's test, ANOVA and Scheffe's test at a significance level of 0.05.
RESULTS
For both the short- and long-term incubation models, all the experimental regimes resulted in a statistically significant decrease in dentine porosity and an increase in mineral density when compared to the control group. Fluoride varnish followed by both pastes and fluoride varnish followed by Paste One resulted in a statistically significant decrease in dentine porosity for some depths in both models when compared to fluoride varnish alone. Changes in dentine porosity and mineral density were observed within groups over time. All the experimental regimes demonstrated anti-biofilm effects. Immediate and sustained anti-caries effects were observed for all preventive protocols, with the combination of fluoride varnish and Paste One resulting in superior additional anti-caries effects.
CONCLUSIONS
The authors concluded that all protocols demonstrated immediate and sustained anti-caries effects against the development of root caries despite variations in effects over time. The combination of fluoride varnish and Paste One resulted in additional anti-caries effects that were consistently superior, with no additional effects being observed when Paste Plus was added in combination. The authors suggest that, within the study's limitations, topical fluoride varnish seems to have a protective effect on root surfaces for up to eight weeks and that fluoride varnish should be considered as an important adjunct strategy in the prevention of root caries in older adults.
Topics: Humans; Root Caries; Toothpastes; Fluorides, Topical; Sodium Fluoride; In Vitro Techniques; Cariostatic Agents; Dentin; Biofilms; Caseins; Clinical Relevance
PubMed: 38822162
DOI: 10.1038/s41432-024-01023-5 -
Scientific Reports May 2024This study investigated whether K-Patlak derived from a shortened scan time for dynamic F-NaF PET/CT in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients undergoing hemodialysis can...
This study investigated whether K-Patlak derived from a shortened scan time for dynamic F-NaF PET/CT in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients undergoing hemodialysis can provide predictive accuracy comparable to that obtained from a longer scan. Twenty-seven patients on chronic hemodialysis, involving a total of 42 scans between December 2021 and August 2023 were recruited. Dynamic F-NaF PET/CT scans, lasting 60-90 min, were immediately acquired post-injection, covering the mid-twelfth thoracic vertebra to the pelvis region. K-Patlak analysis was performed on bone time-activity curves at 15, 30, 45, 60, and 90 min in the lumbar spine (L1-L4) and both anterior iliac crests. Spearman's rank correlation (r) and interclass correlation coefficient were used to assess the correlation and agreement of K-Patlak between shortened and standard scan times. Bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BsAP) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase isoform 5b (TRAP5b) were tested for their correlation with individual K-Patlak. Strong correlations and good agreement were observed between K-Patlak values from shortened 30-min scans and longer 60-90-min scans in both lumbar spine (r = 0.858, p < 0.001) and anterior iliac crest regions (r = 0.850, p < 0.001). The correlation between BsAP and K-Patlak in the anterior iliac crests was weak and statistically insignificant. This finding suggests that a proposed shortened dynamic F-NaF PET/CT scan is effective in assessing bone metabolic flux in CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis, offering a non-invasive alternative approach for bone turnover prediction.
Topics: Humans; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Male; Female; Renal Dialysis; Middle Aged; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Aged; Sodium Fluoride; Fluorine Radioisotopes; Bone Remodeling; Lumbar Vertebrae; Adult; Alkaline Phosphatase; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; Ilium
PubMed: 38822011
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63476-z -
Toxicology May 2024The individual toxicity of sodium fluoride (NaF) and microplastics (MPs) has been extensively documented. Owing to their high specific surface area, widespread presence...
The individual toxicity of sodium fluoride (NaF) and microplastics (MPs) has been extensively documented. Owing to their high specific surface area, widespread presence and durability, MPs can adsorb a broad spectrum of environmental contaminants into the organism. However, the combined toxicity of NaF and MPs has not been investigated. This study aimed to assess the effects of combined exposure to NaF and MPs on the function of testicular Sertoli cells (SCs) in male mice, and to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms. The study revealed that combined exposure to NaF and MPs resulted in a decrease in the negative surface charge of MPs, along with an increase in the number of MPs entering the SCs. Through in vivo observation of the testicular pathological structure, spermatogenesis, and cell apoptosis in 180-day-old male mice, we discovered that combined exposure to NaF (80 mg/L) and MPs (10 mg/L) heightened reproductive toxicity compared to the individual exposure groups. This was evidenced by testicular structural defects, impaired spermatogenesis, and increased testicular cell apoptosis. Our in vitro studies showed that NaF (21 μg/mL) and MPs (100 μg/mL) synergistically induced SCs apoptosis and ferroptosis, leading to a reduction in SCs number and dysfunction. This ultimately resulted in structural and functional damage to the testes. Our findings demonstrate, for the first time, the synergistic effects of NaF and MPs on reproductive toxicity in mammals. These insights may provide valuable contributions to co-toxicity studies involving MPs and other environmental pollutants.
PubMed: 38821197
DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2024.153849 -
Journal of the American College of... Jun 2024Total coronary atherosclerotic plaque activity across the entire coronary arterial tree is associated with patient-level clinical outcomes.
BACKGROUND
Total coronary atherosclerotic plaque activity across the entire coronary arterial tree is associated with patient-level clinical outcomes.
OBJECTIVES
We aimed to investigate whether vessel-level coronary atherosclerotic plaque activity is associated with vessel-level myocardial infarction.
METHODS
In this secondary analysis of an international multicenter study of patients with recent myocardial infarction and multivessel coronary artery disease, we assessed vessel-level coronary atherosclerotic plaque activity using coronary F-sodium fluoride positron emission tomography to identify vessel-level myocardial infarction.
RESULTS
Increased F-sodium fluoride uptake was found in 679 of 2,094 coronary arteries and 414 of 691 patients. Myocardial infarction occurred in 24 (4%) vessels with increased coronary atherosclerotic plaque activity and in 25 (2%) vessels without increased coronary atherosclerotic plaque activity (HR: 2.08; 95% CI: 1.16-3.72; P = 0.013). This association was not demonstrable in those treated with coronary revascularization (HR: 1.02; 95% CI: 0.47-2.25) but was notable in untreated vessels (HR: 3.86; 95% CI: 1.63-9.10; P = 0.024). Increased coronary atherosclerotic plaque activity in multiple coronary arteries was associated with heightened patient-level risk of cardiac death or myocardial infarction (HR: 2.43; 95% CI: 1.37-4.30; P = 0.002) as well as first (HR: 2.19; 95% CI: 1.18-4.06; P = 0.013) and total (HR: 2.50; 95% CI: 1.42-4.39; P = 0.002) myocardial infarctions.
CONCLUSIONS
In patients with recent myocardial infarction and multivessel coronary artery disease, coronary atherosclerotic plaque activity prognosticates individual coronary arteries and patients at risk for myocardial infarction.
Topics: Humans; Plaque, Atherosclerotic; Myocardial Infarction; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Coronary Artery Disease; Aged; Positron-Emission Tomography; Coronary Vessels; Risk Factors
PubMed: 38811091
DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2024.03.419 -
Journal of Dentistry May 2024This study aims to evaluate antibacterial effects of silver diamine fluoride (SDF), SDF/potassium iodide (KI), and nanosilver fluoride (NSF).
OBJECTIVES
This study aims to evaluate antibacterial effects of silver diamine fluoride (SDF), SDF/potassium iodide (KI), and nanosilver fluoride (NSF).
METHODS
Antimicrobial activity of sterile saline, 5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 2% chlorhexidine (CHX), SDF, SDF/KI, NSF, and KI solutions against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus casei was assessed through disc diffusion tests. A dual-species biofilm of S. mutans-L. casei was formed on 48 enamel samples, divided into six groups (n = 8). Group 1 was treated with sterile saline, Group 2 with 5% NaOCl, Group 3 with 2% CHX, Group 4 with SDF, Group 5 with SDF/KI, and Group 6 with NSF. The samples were analysed using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Statistical analysis utilized Shapiro-Wilk and Kruskal-Wallis tests and multiple comparisons were conducted using Dunn test.
RESULTS
SDF, SDF/KI, and NaOCl displayed significantly higher antibacterial activity against dual-species biofilm compared to NSF and CHX (p < 0.050).
CONCLUSIONS
In conclusion, SDF and SDF/KI demonstrated greater antibacterial activity than NSF. SDF's antibacterial activity was unaffected by KI. Further research is needed to determine the appropriate content and concentration for achieving effective antibacterial activity with NSF.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
The use of silver-containing materials is increasing in popularity within pediatric dentistry. In this study, an endeavor has been made to assist pediatric dentists in determining which solution might be more advantageous for preventing caries.
PubMed: 38810833
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105097 -
Proceedings of the National Academy of... Jun 2024Rechargeable sodium-oxygen (Na-O) battery is deemed as a promising high-energy storage device due to the abundant sodium resources and high theoretical energy density...
Rechargeable sodium-oxygen (Na-O) battery is deemed as a promising high-energy storage device due to the abundant sodium resources and high theoretical energy density (1,108 Wh kg). A series of quasisolid electrolytes are constantly being designed to restrain the dendrites growth, the volatile and leaking risks of liquid electrolytes due to the open system of Na-O batteries. However, the ticklish problem about low operating current density for quasisolid electrolytes still hasn't been conquered. Herein, we report a rechargeable Na-O battery with polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene recombination Nafion (PVDF-HFP@Nafion) based quasisolid polymer electrolyte (QPE) and MXene-based Na anode with gradient sodiophilic structure (M-GSS/Na). QPE displays good flame resistance, locking liquid and hydrophobic properties. The introduction of Nafion can lead to a high Na migration number ( = 0.68) by blocking the motion of anion and promote the formation of NaF-rich solid electrolyte interphase, resulting in excellent cycling stability at relatively high current density under quasisolid environment. In the meantime, the M-GSS/Na anode exhibits excellent dendrite inhibition ability and cycling stability. Therefore, with the synergistic effect of QPE and M-GSS/Na, constructed Na-O batteries run more stably and exhibit a low potential gap (0.166 V) after an initial 80 cycles at 1,000 mA g and 1,000 mAh g. This work provides the reference basis for building quasisolid state Na-O batteries with long-term cycling stability.
PubMed: 38809713
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2320012121 -
Journal of Dental Research May 2024Due to the multiple factors contributing to dentin demineralization and hypersensitivity among individuals, the effectiveness of the available treatments in the long...
Due to the multiple factors contributing to dentin demineralization and hypersensitivity among individuals, the effectiveness of the available treatments in the long term remains unclear. A recent study reported a simple strategy to potentially mimic natural remineralization with increased crystallization on the enamel caries using fluoride iontophoresis. Such an effect is also ideal for accomplishing dentin biomineralization and structural strength. This study aimed to investigate structural and compositional characteristics and permeability changes after fluoride iontophoresis with different polarities, cathodal iontophoresis (CIP), anodal iontophoresis (AIP), and the control without iontophoresis for the treatment of etched dentin under simulated pulpal pressure. The 24 premolars were divided into 3 groups: CIP, AIP, and topical application of 5% sodium fluoride (NaF) for 40 s. Relative to before treatment, iontophoresis with both polarities significantly decreased the permeability with a visible increase in occluding tubules containing crystal formation and growth throughout the dentin structure and depth. The CIP not only restored the etched dentin surface into a sound condition but also reinforced the dentin across the structure and depth by the synergistic effects of remineralization, increasing crystal formation and transformation toward the more crystalline structure of fluorohydroxyapatite. Following topical treatment, X-ray diffraction analysis and Raman spectra revealed a significant reduction in the crystal size and crystallinity associated with the raised B-type carbonate substitution into the hydroxyapatite compared with that in the sound dentin. The result was the first to reveal the ideal strategy to rapidly restore the etched dentin surface into a sound condition, including reinforcing the dentin across the structure and depth by the synergistic effects of decreasing permeability, increasing crystal formation, and transformation toward the more crystalline structure of fluorohydroxyapatite using the 5% NaF applied with the DC cathode iontophoresis. The technique is noninvasive and simple and deserves further development for clinical application.
PubMed: 38808538
DOI: 10.1177/00220345241254017