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Journal of Affective Disorders Jun 2024Poor mental health among young adults in higher education is a growing concern. In recent years, the visibility of racism has sharply risen. Vicarious discrimination is...
BACKGROUND
Poor mental health among young adults in higher education is a growing concern. In recent years, the visibility of racism has sharply risen. Vicarious discrimination is defined as the secondhand witnessing of racism, and given society's increased accessibility to social media and the Internet, addressing vicarious violence is urgently needed to inform anti-racism and mental health efforts. The current study examined associations between vicarious discrimination and mental health across a large sample of young college students in the United States.
METHODS
We analyzed data from the Healthy Minds Study (HMS; 2020-2021; N = 130,566) and used multivariable logistic regression to examine whether past-year vicarious discrimination was associated with various mental health outcomes, adjusting for age, gender, race/ethnicity, and direct discrimination.
RESULTS
The sample was predominantly white (n = 31,438, 63.66 %) and female-identifying (n = 34,313, 69.49 %) with an average age of 21.1 years. Approximately 35.9 % of the sample endorsed experiencing vicarious discrimination. Vicarious discrimination was associated with greater depression (OR:1.97; 95 % CI: 1.86,2.09, p < 0.001), anxiety (OR:1.82; 95 % CI: 1.72,1.92, p < 0.001), languishing (OR:1.75; 95 % CI: 1.65,1.87, p < 0.001), perceived need for treatment (OR:2.24; 95 % CI: 2.10,2.40, p < 0.001), suicidal ideation (OR:1.86; 95 % CI: 1.73,2.01, p < 0.001), suicide plan (OR:1.91; 95 % CI: 1.71,2.14, p < 0.001), suicide attempt (OR:1.89; 95 % CI: 1.51,2.36, p < 0.001), self-injurious behavior (OR:2.0; 95 % CI: 1.88,2.12, p < 0.001), and loneliness (OR:1.67; 95 % CI: 1.58,1.77, p < 0.001).
DISCUSSION
Consistent with growing literature, vicarious discrimination was associated with poorer mental health among young college students. Additional research could investigate moderators, mediators, and interventions to support those who may be impacted indirectly by discrimination.
PubMed: 38925312
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.06.082 -
Cancer Medicine Jun 2024Patients diagnosed with advanced stage cancer face an elevated risk of suicide. We aimed to develop a suicidal ideation (SI) risk prediction model in patients with...
BACKGROUND
Patients diagnosed with advanced stage cancer face an elevated risk of suicide. We aimed to develop a suicidal ideation (SI) risk prediction model in patients with advanced cancer for early warning of their SI and facilitate suicide prevention in this population.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
We consecutively enrolled patients with multiple types of advanced cancers from 10 cancer institutes in China from August 2019 to December 2020. Demographic characteristics, clinicopathological data, and clinical treatment history were extracted from medical records. Symptom burden, psychological status, and SI were assessed using the MD Anderson Symptom Inventory (MDASI), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), respectively. A multivariable logistic regression model was employed to establish the model structure.
RESULTS
In total, 2814 participants were included in the final analysis. Nine predictors including age, sex, number of household members, history of previous chemotherapy, history of previous surgery, MDASI score, HADS-A score, HADS-D score, and life satisfaction were retained in the final SI prediction model. The model achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.85 (95% confidential interval: 0.82-0.87), with AUCs ranging from 0.75 to 0.95 across 10 hospitals and higher than 0.83 for all cancer types.
CONCLUSION
This study built an easy-to-use, good-performance predictive model for SI. Implementation of this model could facilitate the incorporation of psychosocial support for suicide prevention into the standard care of patients with advanced cancer.
Topics: Humans; Suicidal Ideation; Male; Female; Neoplasms; China; Middle Aged; Aged; Risk Assessment; Adult; Risk Factors
PubMed: 38924382
DOI: 10.1002/cam4.7439 -
Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica Jun 2024Anticipating diagnostic change from major depressive (MDD) to bipolar disorder (BD) can support better prognosis and treatment, especially of depression but is...
BACKGROUND
Anticipating diagnostic change from major depressive (MDD) to bipolar disorder (BD) can support better prognosis and treatment, especially of depression but is challenging and reported research results are inconsistent. We therefore assessed clinical characteristics associated with diagnostic change from MDD to BD with antidepressant treatments.
METHODS
We compared characteristics of 3212 initially MDD patients who became (hypo)manic during antidepressant treatment to those with stable MDD diagnoses as well as with cases of stable, spontaneous BD, using standard bivariate and multivariate statistics.
RESULTS
Among MDD patients, 6.69% [CI: 5.85-7.61] changed to BD, mostly type II (BD2, 76.7%). BD-converters had higher rates of familial mood disorders (74.1% vs. 57.1%) or BD (33.7% vs. 21.0%) and 2.8-years younger onset than stable MDD patients. They also had more prior depressive recurrences/year, years-of-illness, mood-stabilizer treatment, divorces, fewer children, more suicide attempts and drug-abuse, and higher intake cyclothymia, YMRS and MDQ scores. Predictors independently associated with diagnostic conversion were: more familial BD, depressions/year, unemployment, cyclothymic temperament, suicidal ideation or acts, and fewer children. BD-converters vs. spontaneous BD cases had significantly more suicide attempts, BD2 diagnoses, and affected relatives. Converting to vs. spontaneous BD1 was associated with more ADHD, more suicidal ideation or behavior, MDI course, and younger onset; converting to vs. spontaneous BD2 had more episodes/year, unemployment, ADHD, substance abuse, suicidal ideation or attempts, and more relatives with BD.
CONCLUSIONS
Few (6.69%) initially MDD subjects converted to BD, most (76.7%) to BD2. Independent predictive associations with diagnostic change included: familial BD, more depressions/year, unemployment, cyclothymic temperament, suicidal behavior and fewer children. Notably, several characteristics were stronger among those changing to BD during antidepressant treatment vs. others with spontaneous BD.
PubMed: 38922810
DOI: 10.1111/acps.13721 -
Journal of Adolescence Jun 2024The current study aimed to examine the longitudinal associations among basic psychological need satisfaction at school (BPNSS), self-esteem, and suicidal ideation (SI),...
Longitudinal associations among basic psychological need satisfaction at school, self-esteem, and suicidal ideation from middle childhood to early adolescence: Disentangling between‑ and within‑person associations.
INTRODUCTION
The current study aimed to examine the longitudinal associations among basic psychological need satisfaction at school (BPNSS), self-esteem, and suicidal ideation (SI), including whether self-esteem functioned as a mediator of the relations between BPNSS and SI at the within-person level after disentangling between- and within-person associations encompassing middle childhood to early adolescence.
METHODS
A total of 650 Chinese students (53.54% boys, M = 9.95, SD = 0.75 at Time 1) completed measures on four occasions across 1.5 years, using 6-month intervals. Random intercept cross-lagged panel models were applied to disaggregate between- and within-person effects, thus providing greater confidence in elucidating the causal relations among study variables.
RESULTS
The results showed that at the within-person level: (a) BPNSS negatively predicted SI; (b) BPNSS positively predicted self-esteem; (c) Self-esteem negatively predicted SI; and (d) BPNSS indirectly predicted SI via self-esteem.
CONCLUSION
These findings advanced the literature by demonstrating longitudinal associations among BPNSS, self-esteem, and SI at the within-person level, and highlighting the significance of distinguishing between- and within-person effects in developing prevention and intervention programs aimed at reducing SI over time from middle childhood to early adolescence.
PubMed: 38922699
DOI: 10.1002/jad.12366 -
Behavioral Sciences (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024Stressful life events (SLEs) and suicidal ideation (SI) are prevalent in persons with major depression disorder (MDD). Less is known about the underlying role of...
Stressful life events (SLEs) and suicidal ideation (SI) are prevalent in persons with major depression disorder (MDD). Less is known about the underlying role of insomnia symptoms in the association between SLEs and SI. This three-wave prospective cohort study sought to investigate the longitudinal association among SLEs, insomnia symptoms, and SI in persons with MDD. The study population included 511 persons with MDD (mean [SD] age, 28.7 [6.7] years; 67.1% were females). Generalized estimated equations (GEEs) were utilized to explore prospective association among exposure of SLEs, insomnia symptoms, and SI. Additionally, a structural equation model (SEM) was employed to estimate the longitudinal mediating effect of insomnia symptoms in the relationship between SLEs and SI. Our study demonstrated that cumulative SLEs were determined to be longitudinally associated with SI in persons with MDD. We further observed that the association between SLEs and SI was significantly mediated by insomnia symptoms. Clinicians assessing persons with MDD, especially those with the history of SLE, could carefully evaluate and promptly treat insomnia symptoms as part of personalized assessment of their depressive illness, thereby achieving early prevention and intervention for suicidal behaviors in persons with MDD.
PubMed: 38920799
DOI: 10.3390/bs14060467 -
Journal of Affective Disorders Jun 2024Poor sleep is prevalent in adolescents with bipolar disorder, precedes illness onset, and is associated with worse mood symptoms. We examined interrelationships between...
BACKGROUND
Poor sleep is prevalent in adolescents with bipolar disorder, precedes illness onset, and is associated with worse mood symptoms. We examined interrelationships between sleep quality and mood symptoms in adolescents with bipolar disorder, particularly effects of sleep quality on emergent mood symptoms.
METHODS
Adolescents with bipolar disorder participated in a two-year longitudinal treatment study. Sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSQI) was assessed quarterly during treatment (baseline, 3-, 6-, 9-, 12-month visits) and twice during follow-up (18-, 24-month visits). Mood symptoms (ALIFE Psychiatric Status Ratings) were retrospectively rated weekly by an independent clinician. Lag models tested whether sleep quality predicted next month's mood symptoms and whether mood symptoms predicted future sleep quality.
RESULTS
Adolescents with bipolar disorder had poor sleep quality. Sleep quality initially improved but remained stable thereafter. Worse sleep quality at 6-months predicted worse depression, hypomania, and suicidal ideation the following month. Sleep quality was worse for adolescents who had a suicide attempt during the study compared to those who did not and was worse preceding months with a suicide attempt compared to months without attempts. Alternatively, worse depression predicted worse future sleep quality at baseline, 3-, and 18-months and worse suicidal ideation predicted worse future sleep quality at baseline, 12-, and 18-months.
LIMITATIONS
Mood symptoms were rated retrospectively and the PSQI may not capture all dimensions of sleep important for mood symptoms.
CONCLUSIONS
Targeted evidence-based sleep treatment in adolescents with bipolar disorder may alleviate sleep problems and have additional benefits on mood symptoms and suicidality risk.
PubMed: 38917889
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.06.069 -
Journal of Psychiatric Research Jun 2024Autoimmune skin diseases (ASDs) such as psoriasis and vitiligo, in addition to causing visible skin symptoms, are closely associated with psychological health issues.... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Autoimmune skin diseases (ASDs) such as psoriasis and vitiligo, in addition to causing visible skin symptoms, are closely associated with psychological health issues. However, a comprehensive understanding of the prevalence of these psychological comorbidities in affected individuals is lacking. This study aims to identify the prevalence of anxiety, depression, sleeping problems, cognitive impairment, and suicidal ideation in people with ASDs.
METHOD
PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library searches were conducted from 1993 to May 2024. Observational studies reporting prevalence data for anxiety, depression, sleeping problems, cognitive impairment, and suicidal ideation among people with ASDs were included in the analysis. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to evaluate the quality of studies.
RESULTS
The study included 114 studies from 37 countries including 823,975 participants. The estimated pooled prevalence of anxiety in patients with ASDs was 33.3% (95% CI: 27.3-29.3%). The estimated pooled prevalence of depression was 33.7% (95% CI: 29.2-38.1%). The estimated pooled prevalence of sleeping problems was 45.0% (95% CI:31.6-58.4%). The estimated pooled prevalence of cognitive impairment and suicidal ideation was 30.8% (95% CI:15.0-46.7%) and 21.6% (95% CI:13.4-29.8%), respectively. The most common mental disorder in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and psoriasis was sleeping problems at 55.9% (95% CI: 35.6-76.1%, I = 97%) and 39.0% (95% CI: 21.1-56.9%, I = 99%).
CONCLUSION
Among patients with ASDs, anxiety, depression, sleeping problems, cognitive impairment, and suicidal ideation were common. The most prevalent mental disorder among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and psoriasis was sleeping problems. Those with ASDs may experience considerable psychological burdens, and integrated mental health support is necessary for their treatment.
PubMed: 38917722
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.06.024 -
Medwave Jun 2024Suicide deaths in young people have been increasing in recent decades and are considered a major public health problem worldwide, being a partially preventable event....
INTRODUCTION
Suicide deaths in young people have been increasing in recent decades and are considered a major public health problem worldwide, being a partially preventable event. The prevalence of suicidal ideation is high among university students, especially in health careers. The objective of this study was to measure the prevalence of high suicidal risk in this specific group and to identify associated factors, aiming to provide empirical evidence for the construction of effective suicide prevention strategies.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted based on an online survey directed to healthcare students near the end of the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic to learn about the frequency of suicidal risk and its associated factors. The sample consisted of 477 students (70.8% female, mean age 21.7 ± 2.5 years) from eight healthcare majors. The data were collected in January 2021.
RESULTS
22.6% of the young people reported a high suicide risk on the Okasha scale, and 3.4% made a suicide attempt in the previous year. Factors associated with high suicidal risk were having a non-heterosexual orientation, an irregular academic trajectory, experiences of physical and/or psychological violence, higher levels of depressive and anxious symptomatology, as well as lower levels of social support from friends and family.
CONCLUSIONS
Suicide risk and attempt levels are high in this group of students, and there is a group of factors that could guide more effective actions, such as support for higher-risk groups and screening to identify and provide support to young people at high suicidal risk and with mental health conditions.
Topics: Humans; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Male; Young Adult; COVID-19; Suicidal Ideation; Suicide, Attempted; Risk Factors; Surveys and Questionnaires; Students, Health Occupations; Prevalence; Adolescent; Adult; Suicide; Social Support; Depression
PubMed: 38917390
DOI: 10.5867/medwave.2024.05.2756 -
JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting Jun 2024The pandemic brought unprecedented challenges for child and youth mental health. There was a rise in depression, anxiety, and symptoms of suicidal ideation. (Review)
Review
Digital and Hybrid Pediatric and Youth Mental Health Program Implementation Challenges During the Pandemic: Literature Review With a Knowledge Translation and Theoretical Lens Analysis.
BACKGROUND
The pandemic brought unprecedented challenges for child and youth mental health. There was a rise in depression, anxiety, and symptoms of suicidal ideation.
OBJECTIVE
The aims of this knowledge synthesis were to gain a deeper understanding of what types of mental health knowledge translation (KT) programs, mental health first aid training, and positive psychology interventions were developed and evaluated for youth mental health.
METHODS
We undertook a literature review of PubMed and MEDLINE for relevant studies on youth mental health including digital and hybrid programs undertaken during the pandemic (2020-2022).
RESULTS
A total of 60 studies were included in this review. A few KT programs were identified that engaged with a wide range of stakeholders during the pandemic, and a few were informed by KT theories. Key challenges during the implementation of mental health programs for youth included lack of access to technology and privacy concerns. Hybrid web-based and face-to-face KT and mental health care were recommended. Providers required adequate training in using telehealth and space.
CONCLUSIONS
There is an opportunity to reduce the barriers to implementing tele-mental health in youth by providing adequate technological access, Wi-Fi and stationary internet connectivity, and privacy protection. Staff gained new knowledge and training from the pandemic experience of using telehealth, which will serve as a useful foundation for the future. Future research should aim to maximize the benefits of hybrid models of tele-mental health and face-to-face sessions while working on minimizing the potential barriers that were identified. In addition, future programs could consider combining mental health first aid training with hybrid digital and face-to-face mental health program delivery along with mindfulness and resilience building in a unified model of care, knowledge dissemination, and implementation.
PubMed: 38916946
DOI: 10.2196/55100 -
JMIR Public Health and Surveillance Jun 2024Mental health disparities have been documented among lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) adults in the United States. Substance use disorders and suicidal ideation have... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
Investigating the Interrelationships Among Mental Health, Substance Use Disorders, and Suicidal Ideation Among Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Adults in the United States: Population-Based Statewide Survey Study.
BACKGROUND
Mental health disparities have been documented among lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) adults in the United States. Substance use disorders and suicidal ideation have been identified as important health concerns for this population. However, the interrelationships among these factors are not well understood.
OBJECTIVE
This study aims to investigate the interrelationships among mental health, substance use disorders, and suicidal ideation among LGB adults in the United States using a population-based statewide survey.
METHODS
Our study was an observational cross-sectional analysis, and the data for this study were collected from a sample of LGB adults who participated in the statewide survey. The survey collected information on mental health, substance use disorders, and suicidal ideation using validated measures. Descriptive statistics and inferential data analysis were conducted to explore the interrelationships among these factors.
RESULTS
The results showed that LGB adults who reported higher levels of depression and drug abuse and dependence also reported higher levels of suicidal tendency and mental illness. Inferential data analysis using χ tests revealed significant differences in depression score (χ=458.241; P<.001), drug abuse and dependence score (χ=226.946; P<.001), suicidal tendency score (χ=67.795; P<.001), and mental illness score (χ=363.722; P<.001) among the 3 sexual identity groups. Inferential data analysis showed significant associations between sexual identity and mental health outcomes, with bisexual individuals reporting the highest levels of depression, drug abuse and dependence, suicidal tendency, and mental illness.
CONCLUSIONS
This study provides important insights into the interrelationships among mental health, substance use disorders, and suicidal ideation among LGB adults in the United States. The findings underscore the need for targeted interventions and research aimed at addressing the mental health needs of sexual minority populations. Future research should aim to better understand the underlying mechanisms driving these disparities and develop culturally sensitive and tailored interventions that meet the unique needs of LGB individuals. Reducing stigma and discrimination against sexual minority populations is also crucial to improving their mental health outcomes.
Topics: Humans; Suicidal Ideation; Adult; Substance-Related Disorders; Male; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; United States; Sexual and Gender Minorities; Middle Aged; Young Adult; Adolescent; Mental Disorders; Surveys and Questionnaires; Mental Health; Bisexuality; Aged
PubMed: 38916938
DOI: 10.2196/48776