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MSystems Jun 2024The gastric microbial community plays a fundamental role in gastric cancer (GC), and the two main anatomical subtypes of GC, non-cardia and cardia GC, are associated...
UNLABELLED
The gastric microbial community plays a fundamental role in gastric cancer (GC), and the two main anatomical subtypes of GC, non-cardia and cardia GC, are associated with different risk factors ( for non-cardia GC). To decipher the different microbial spatial communities of GC, we performed a multicenter retrospective analysis to characterize the gastric microbiota in 223 GC patients, including -positive or -negative patients, with tumors and paired adjacent normal tissues, using third-generation sequencing. In the independent validation cohort, both dental plaque and GC tumoral tissue samples were collected and sequenced. The prevalence of and oral-associated bacteria was verified using fluorescence hybridization (FISH) assays in GC tumoral tissues and matched nontumoral tissues. We found that the vertical distribution of the gastric microbiota, at the upper, middle, and lower third sites of GC, was likely an important factor causing microbial diversity in GC tumor tissues. The oral-associated microbiota cluster, which included , , and , was more abundant in the upper third of the GC. However, was more abundant in the lower third of the GC and exhibited a significantly high degree of microbial correlation. The oral-associated microbiota module was co-exclusive with in the lower third site of the GC tumoral tissue. Importantly, -negative GC patients with oral-associated gastric microbiota showed worse overall survival, while the increase in microbial abundance in -positive GC patients showed no difference in overall survival. The prevalence of in both the dental plaque and GC tissue samples was concordant in the independent validation phase. We showed that the oral-associated species and were correlated with overall survival. Our study highlights the roles of the oral-associated microbiota in the upper third of the GC. In addition, oral-associated species may serve as noninvasive screening tools for the management of GC and an independent prognostic factor for -negative GCs.
IMPORTANCE
Our study highlights the roles of the oral-associated microbiota in the upper third of gastric cancer (GC).We showed that the oral-associated species and were correlated with overall survival. In addition, oral-associated species may serve as noninvasive screening tools for the management of GC and an independent prognostic factor for -negative GCs.
PubMed: 38940519
DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00089-24 -
Microorganisms May 2024The use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) has increased considerably in many Western countries, and there is concern that numerous conditions and diseases associated with... (Review)
Review
The use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) has increased considerably in many Western countries, and there is concern that numerous conditions and diseases associated with PPI use may be adverse events. The main function of gastric acid is to defend the organism against orally ingested microorganisms, and there is also concern that alterations not only in the gastric microbiome but also the downstream intestinal microbiome may increase the risk of disease or alter the course of preexisting disease. The current study is a systematic review of the available evidence from experimental trials investigating the effects of PPIs on the gastrointestinal microbiota by next-generation sequencing. Thirteen studies were identified. The effects of PPIs were seen on alterations in diversity and richness in some of the studies, while a larger proportion of the studies detected alterations at various taxonomic levels. The general finding was that PPI use caused an increase in bacteria normally found in the oral microbiota in both the upper and lower GI tract. The most consistent taxonomic alterations seemed to be increases in oral flora along the axis Streptococcaceae and at genus level and various spp., as well as Veillonellaceae, and .
PubMed: 38930492
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061110 -
EBioMedicine Jun 2024This study aimed to characterise the infant penile (coronal sulcus) microbiome and the effects of early infant male circumcision (EIMC), following a standard surgical...
BACKGROUND
This study aimed to characterise the infant penile (coronal sulcus) microbiome and the effects of early infant male circumcision (EIMC), following a standard surgical method (Mogen Clamp) and a non-surgical alternative (ShangRing).
METHODS
We collected coronal sulcus swabs at baseline and on days 7 and 14 post-circumcision from infants assigned to receive EIMC by Mogen Clamp (n = 15) or ShangRing (n = 15), in a randomised trial in Rakai and Kakuuto, Uganda. We used 16S rRNA gene-based sequencing and broad-coverage qPCR to characterise the infant penile microbiome and assess the effects of EIMC in both study arms.
FINDINGS
Prior to EIMC, the infant penile microbiome had a mixture of facultative and strict anaerobes. In both study arms, EIMC caused penile microbiome proportional abundance changes characterised by decreases in penile anaerobes [ShangRing Prevotella: -15.0%, (SD = 19.1); Mogen clamp Prevotella: -3.6% (11.2); ShangRing Veillonella: -11.3% (17.2); Mogen clamp Veillonella: -2.6% (11.8)] and increases in skin-associated facultative anaerobes [ShangRing Corynebacterium: 24.9%, (22.4); Mogen clamp Corynebacterium: 4.7% (21.3); ShangRing Staphylococcus: 21.1% (20.5); Mogen clamp Staphylococcus: 18.1% (20.1)]. Clostridium tetani was not detected during the study.
INTERPRETATION
Mogen Clamp and ShangRing EIMC both changed the composition of the infant penile microbiome by reducing the proportional abundances of anaerobes and uropathogens, which is consistent with medical male circumcision findings in adults. C. tetani was not increased by either EIMC method.
FUNDING
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.
PubMed: 38924841
DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105216 -
Journal of Periodontology Jun 2024The present cross-sectional study was undertaken to evaluate the periodontal and microbiological parameters in patients with surgically repaired unilateral cleft lip and...
BACKGROUND
The present cross-sectional study was undertaken to evaluate the periodontal and microbiological parameters in patients with surgically repaired unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) undergoing orthodontic correction in comparison to patients without any cleft or orthodontic treatment.
METHODS
A total of 120 patients, out of initial 148 patients, between the age group 6 and 18 years were enrolled and divided into four groups with 30 patients each: non-cleft patients without orthodontic treatment in Group 1, non-cleft patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment in Group 2, patients with UCLP without any orthodontic treatment in Group 3, and patients with UCLP undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment in Group 4. Periodontal parameters including plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), gingival bleeding index (GBI), community periodontal index of treatment needs (CPITN) index, pocket probing depth (PD), and tooth mobility were measured in all the groups. The subgingival plaque samples of all the patients were subjected to microbial evaluation using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) for clinical diagnosis.
RESULTS
The periodontal parameters were significantly raised in Group 4, followed by Group 3 and Group 2 in comparison to Group 1 (p < 0.01), thereby suggesting poor periodontal health in patients with UCLP undergoing orthodontic treatment. Statistically significant differences (p < 0.01) in counts of micro-organisms among the groups were observed for P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, Veillonella, and Capnocytophaga, with the highest proportions in Group 4, indicating a deteriorating oral health in these patients.
CONCLUSION
Poor periodontal and microbial health in patients with UCLP undergoing orthodontic treatment indicates a need for reinforcement of oral hygiene practices among these patients.
PubMed: 38924066
DOI: 10.1002/JPER.24-0085 -
Brazilian Oral Research 2024This review aimed to determine the prevalence of species of yellow, purple and green microbial complexes in root canals (RC) and periodontal pockets (PP) of teeth with...
This review aimed to determine the prevalence of species of yellow, purple and green microbial complexes in root canals (RC) and periodontal pockets (PP) of teeth with endodontic-periodontal lesions. For this purpose, two reviewers searched the literature up to January 2022. Studies reporting the prevalence of species of the yellow, purple and green microbial complexes in teeth diagnosed with endodontic-periodontal lesions were included. The risk of bias of the included studies was assessed using the 14 criteria from the NIH Quality Assessment Tool. Of 1,611 references identified in the initial search, only four studies were eligible and included in the qualitative analysis. The profile and prevalence rates of bacterial species in RC and PP varied among the included studies: levels of Agregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (12% RC, 58% PP), Capnocytophaga granulosa (10% RC, 35% PP), Capnocytophaga sputigena (15-70% RC, 0-30% PP), Streptococcus mitis (30% RC, 35% PP), Streptococcus sanguinis (30% RC, 35% PP), and Veillonella parvula (70% RC, 50% PP) were identified. The high methodological heterogeneity prevented grouping and quantitative analysis of data. The risk of bias was considered 'moderate' for all studies. The included studies identified the presence of seven bacterial species belonging to the yellow, purple, and green microbial complexes in RC and PP, but with different prevalence rates. Future clinical studies are encouraged to investigate the presence and role of these species in the occurrence and development of endodontic-periodontal lesions.
Topics: Humans; Dental Pulp Cavity; Prevalence; Periodontal Pocket
PubMed: 38922208
DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2024.vol38.0048 -
Advances in Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) Jun 2024Microbiota in early life is closely associated with the health of infants, especially premature ones. Probiotics are important drivers of gut microbiota development in... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Microbiota in early life is closely associated with the health of infants, especially premature ones. Probiotics are important drivers of gut microbiota development in preterm infants; however, there is no consensus regarding the characteristics of specific microbiota in preterm infants receiving probiotics. In this study, we performed a meta-analysis of 5 microbiome data sets (1816 stool samples from 706 preterm infants) to compare the gut microbiota of preterm infants exposed to probiotics with that of preterm infants not exposed to probiotics across populations. Despite study-specific variations, we found consistent differences in gut microbial composition and predicted functional pathways between the control and probiotic groups across different cohorts of preterm infants. The enrichment of Acinetobacter, Bifidobacterium, and Lactobacillus spp and the depletion of the potentially pathogenic bacteria Finegoldia, Veillonella, and Klebsiella spp. were the most consistent changes in the gut microbiota of preterm infants supplemented with probiotics. Probiotics drove microbiome transition into multiple preterm gut community types, and notably, preterm gut community type 3 had the highest α-diversity, with enrichment of Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides spp. At the functional level, the major predicted microbial pathways involved in peptidoglycan biosynthesis consistently increased in preterm infants supplemented with probiotics; in contrast, the crucial pathways associated with heme biosynthesis consistently decreased. Interestingly, Bifidobacterium sp. rather than Lactobacillus sp. gradually became dominant in gut microbiota of preterm infants using mixed probiotics, although both probiotic strains were administered at the same dosage. Taken together, our meta-analysis suggests that probiotics contribute to reshaping the microbial ecosystem of preterm infants at both the taxonomic and functional levels of the bacterial community. More standardized and relevant studies may contribute to better understanding the crosstalk among probiotics, the gut microbiota, and subsequent disease risk, which could help to give timely nutritional feeding guidance to preterm infants. This systematic review and meta-analysis was registered at PROSPERO (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/) as CRD42023447901.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Probiotics; Infant, Premature; Infant, Newborn; Bifidobacterium; Feces; Bacteria; Lactobacillus; Female
PubMed: 38908894
DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100233 -
Genomics & Informatics May 2024The goal of the study was to investigate the changes in the gut microbiota during the advancement of gastric cancer (GC) and identify pertinent taxa associated with the...
The goal of the study was to investigate the changes in the gut microbiota during the advancement of gastric cancer (GC) and identify pertinent taxa associated with the disease. We used a public fecal amplicon gastric cancer dataset from the Sequence Retrieval Archive (SRA), of patients with GC, gastritis, and healthy individuals. We did sequence pre-processing, including quality filtering of the sequences. Then, we performed a diversity analysis, evaluating α- and β-diversity. Next, taxonomic composition analysis was performed and the relative abundances of different taxa at the phylum and genus levels were compared between GC, gastritis, and healthy controls. The obtained results were subsequently subjected to statistical validation. To conclude, metagenomic function prediction was carried out, followed by correlation analysis between the microbiota and KEGG pathways. α analysis revealed a significant difference between male and female categories, while β analysis demonstrated significant distinctions between GC, gastritis, and healthy controls, as well as between sexes within the GC and gastritis groups. The statistically confirmed taxonomic composition analysis highlighted the presence of the microbes Bacteroides and Veillonella. Furthermore, through metagenomic prediction analysis and correlation analysis with pathways, three taxa, namely Akkermansia, Gammaproteobacteria, and Veillonella, were identified as potential biomarkers for GC. Additionally, this study reports, for the first time, the presence of two bacteria, Desulfobacteriota and Synergistota, in GC, necessitating further investigation. Overall, this research sheds light on the potential involvement of gut microbiota in GC pathophysiology; however, additional studies are warranted to explore its functional significance.
PubMed: 38907281
DOI: 10.1186/s44342-024-00001-8 -
Anaerobe Jun 2024Veillonella parvula is a non-motile Gram-negative coccus that forms part of the normal microbiota in several locations and which has been rarely isolated as cause of...
Veillonella parvula is a non-motile Gram-negative coccus that forms part of the normal microbiota in several locations and which has been rarely isolated as cause of infections in human population, particularly in bacteremias. We report here two patients with bacteremia due to V. parvula. Two sets of blood cultures of each patient yielded a pure culture of an anaerobic microorganism identified as V. parvula by MALDI-TOF MS, and confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The two patients were male and one of them had risk factors for anaerobic bacteremia. The isolates were susceptible to most antibiotics and the outcome was successful in both patients. Bacteremia due to V. parvula is still rare. MALDI-TOF MS appear to be an excellent tool for the correct identification of these species.
PubMed: 38906317
DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2024.102879 -
Frontiers in Medicine 2024To investigate the causal relationship between gut microbiota (GM) and chalazion through Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.
PURPOSE
To investigate the causal relationship between gut microbiota (GM) and chalazion through Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.
METHODS
GM-related genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were obtained from the International Consortium MiBioGen. Genetic data for chalazion were sourced from the MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) Open GWAS database. Five MR methods, including inverse variance weighted (IVW), were employed to estimate causal relationships. Cochran's Q test was used to detect heterogeneity, the MR-Egger intercept test and MR-PRESSO regression were utilized to detect horizontal pleiotropy, and the leave-one-out method was employed to validate data stability.
RESULTS
We identified 1,509 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across 119 genera as instrumental variables (IVs) ( < 1 × 10). According to the inverse variance weighted (IVW) estimate, the Family XIII AD3011 group (OR = 1.0018, 95% CI 1.0002-1.0035, = 0.030) and Catenibacterium (OR = 1.0013, 95% CI 1.0002-1.0025, = 0.022) were potentially associated with increased risk of chalazion. Conversely, Veillonella (OR = 0.9986, 95% CI 0.9974-0.9999, = 0.036) appeared to provide protection against chalazion. There was no evidence of heterogeneity or pleiotropy.
CONCLUSION
This study uncovered the causal relationship between GM and chalazion, pinpointing Catenibacterium and Family XIII AD3011 group as potential risk contributors, while highlighting Veillonella as a protective factor. In-depth investigation into the potential mechanisms of specific bacteria in chalazion was essential for providing novel therapeutic and preventive strategies in the future.
PubMed: 38895185
DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1411271 -
Journal of Advanced Research Jun 2024The interplay between influential factors and the incidence of subthreshold depression (SD) in young adults remains poorly understood.
INTRODUCTION
The interplay between influential factors and the incidence of subthreshold depression (SD) in young adults remains poorly understood.
OBJECTIVES
This study sought to understand the dietary habits, gut microbiota composition, etc. among individuals with SD in young adults and to investigate their association with SD occurrence.
METHODS
Employing a cross-sectional approach, 178 individuals with SD, aged 18-32 years, were matched with 114 healthy counterparts. SD status was evaluated using the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), Zung Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Beck Depression Inventory 2nd version (BDI-II), the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scales of Depression (HAMD-17), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Metagenomic sequencing was utilized to identify fecal microbial profiles. Dietary patterns were discerned via factor analysis of a 25-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Logistic regression analysis and mediation analysis were performed to explore the potential links between gut microbiota, dietary patterns, and incident SD.
RESULTS
Data on dietary habits were available for 292 participants (mean [SD] age, 22.1 [2.9] years; 216 [73.9 %] female). Logistic regression analysis revealed that dietary patterns Ⅰ (odds ratio [OR], 0.34; 95 % CI, 0.15-0.75) and IV (OR, 0.39; 95 % CI, 0.17-0.86 and OR, 0.39; 95 % CI, 0.18-0.84) were associated with reduced risk of SD. Distinct microbial profiles were observed in young adults with SD, marked by increased microbial diversity and taxonomic alterations. Moreover, mediation analysis suggested Veillonella atypica as a potential mediator linking SDS or BDI-II scores with a healthy dietary pattern rich in bean products, coarse grains, nuts, fruits, mushrooms, and potatoes (β = 0.25, 95 % CI: 0.02-0.78 and β = 0.18, 95 % CI: 0.01-0.54).
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings highlight the complex interplay between dietary patterns, gut microbiota, and the risk of developing SD in young adults, underscoring the potential for dietary interventions and microbiome modulation in mental health promotion.
PubMed: 38879123
DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.05.030