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Infection and Immunity Oct 2022Root caries in geriatric patients is a growing problem as more people are maintaining their natural teeth into advanced age. We determined the levels of various...
Root caries in geriatric patients is a growing problem as more people are maintaining their natural teeth into advanced age. We determined the levels of various bacterial species previously implicated in root caries disease or health using quantitative real-time PCR in a pilot study of 7 patients with 1 to 4 root caries lesions per person. Levels of 12 different species on diseased roots compared to healthy (contralateral control) roots were measured. Four species were found at significantly higher levels on diseased roots (Streptococcus mutans, Veillonella parvula/dispar, Actinomyces naeslundii/viscosus, and Capnocytophaga granulosa) compared across all plaque samples. The level of colonization by these species varied dramatically (up to 1,000-fold) between patients, indicating different patients have different bacteria contributing to root caries disease. Neither of the two species previously reported to correlate with healthy roots (C. granulosa and Delftia acidovorans) showed statistically significant protective roles in our population, although D. acidovorans showed a trend toward higher levels on healthy teeth (0.08). There was a significant positive correlation between higher levels of S. mutans and V. parvula/dispar on the same diseased teeth. mixed biofilm studies demonstrated that co-culturing S. mutans and V. parvula leads to a 50 to 150% increase in sucrose-dependent biofilm mass compared to S. mutans alone, depending on the growth conditions, while V. parvula alone did not form biofilms. The presence of V. parvula also decreased the acidification of S. mutans biofilms when grown in artificial saliva and enhanced the health of mixed biofilms.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Streptococcus mutans; Root Caries; Saliva, Artificial; Pilot Projects; Veillonella; Biofilms; Sucrose; Dental Caries
PubMed: 36129298
DOI: 10.1128/iai.00355-22 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022There are two main types of echinococcosis, namely alveolar echinococcosis (AE) and cystic echinococcosis (CE). They are zoonotic parasitic diseases caused by the...
There are two main types of echinococcosis, namely alveolar echinococcosis (AE) and cystic echinococcosis (CE). They are zoonotic parasitic diseases caused by the metacestodes of and . In order to explore the gut microbiome composition of patients with echinococcosis, we analyzed fecal samples of seven patients with AE, six patients with CE, and 13 healthy individuals from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China. Using metagenomic next-generation sequencing, we identified fecal bacteria in the patients with AE and CE. The gut microbiota was analyzed by next-generation metagenomic sequencing (mNGS) to compare patients with either AE or CE against healthy individuals. We found there were some differences between them in abundant bacteria. Our results led to five findings: (1) Between patients with echinococcosis and healthy individuals, the differential bacteria were from four phyla: Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria. (2) , , , , and were abundant in the feces of patients with AE. (3) sp_E4742, and were abundant in the feces of the patients with CE. (4) At the phylum and class level, compared to the AE group, the healthy group was characterized by higher numbers of Actinobacteria. (5) At the family level, Lachnospiraceae and Eubacteriaceae were more abundant in the feces of healthy individuals than in AE patients. The genera , , and were more abundant in the healthy group, while the genus was more abundant in the AE group. The results of this study enrich our understanding of the gut microbiome composition of patients with AE and CE in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.
PubMed: 35615499
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.860909 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022Dental caries remains the most common chronic disease in children, and the respective etiology is not fully understood. Though is an important factor in the initiation...
Dental caries remains the most common chronic disease in children, and the respective etiology is not fully understood. Though is an important factor in the initiation and progression of caries, its presence is not always associated with the disease. The existence of caries discordant populations, in which counts do not correlate with caries experience, poses a challenging problem. This study explored the possible correlation of S. and other microorganism levels on caries-associated ecology of caries-concordant and discordant populations. A total of forty-seven children were analyzed in this study and stratified into four clinical groups based on their levels in saliva (HS/LS: High/low ) and caries experience. levels were determined by culture-based selective plating. The salivary microbiome of caries concordant and discordant populations was investigated by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and downstream bioinformatics analysis. The salivary microbial communities significantly clustered based on levels and independent of their caries experience. In addition to levels, significant differences in the abundance of other species were observed between HS and LS groups. Interestingly, disease-associated species such as spp., and spp. were significantly increased in HS groups and may contribute, in combination with , to the caries progression. Furthermore, health-associated species exhibited higher abundance in the LS groups, such as sp., and spp. but their possible contribution to the caries process remains to be elucidated. This study provides evidence that may play a role in shaping the salivary microbial community. Our results highlight that future caries research should consider additional species as health/disease microbial markers in conjunction with to improve diagnosis and caries management of the caries-discordant population.
PubMed: 35250921
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.782825 -
Indian Journal of Pathology &... 2022Adenocarcinoma is a more common type of Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Lung cancer showed a statistically significant increment in the Kamrup Urban district of...
BACKGROUND
Adenocarcinoma is a more common type of Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Lung cancer showed a statistically significant increment in the Kamrup Urban district of Assam, Tripura, Sikkim, and Manipur of India. The goal of our pilot study is to identify non-invasive microbial biomarkers to detect lung adenocarcinoma (LAC).
MATERIAL AND METHODS
DNA extraction from saliva samples of five LAC patients and five healthy controls was performed by Qiagen DNeasy blood and tissue kit using Lysozyme (3mg/ml) treatment. 16S rRNA genes of distinct regions (V3-V4) were amplified from saliva DNA by PCR. Paired-end sequencing targeting the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene has been performed on the Illumina MiSeq platform. Raw sequences were analyzed using the QIIME(Quantitative Insights Into Microbial Ecology) software package.
RESULTS
Our preliminary results showed that Rothia mucilaginosa, Veillonella dispar, Prevotella melaninogenica, Prevotella pallens, Prevotella copri, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Neisseria bacilliformis and Aggregatibacter segnis were significantly elevated in saliva of LAC which may serve as potential non-invasive biomarkers for LAC detection. Functional prediction analysis showed that bacterial genes involved in glycosyltransferase, peptidases, amino sugar, and nucleotide sugar metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism were significantly enriched in LAC.
CONCLUSION
These salivary bacteria may contribute to the development of LAC by increasing expression of glycosyltransferase and peptidases. However to understand their role in pathobiology, studies are required to perform in large cohort.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma of Lung; Bacteria; Biomarkers, Tumor; DNA, Bacterial; Dysbiosis; Female; Humans; India; Male; Microbiota; Middle Aged; Pilot Projects; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Saliva
PubMed: 35074976
DOI: 10.4103/IJPM.IJPM_1111_20 -
Relationship of the lung microbiome with PD-L1 expression and immunotherapy response in lung cancer.Respiratory Research Dec 2021Lung cancer is the primary cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The human lung serves as a niche to a unique and dynamic bacterial community that is related to the...
BACKGROUND
Lung cancer is the primary cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The human lung serves as a niche to a unique and dynamic bacterial community that is related to the development of multiple diseases. Here, we investigated the differences in the lung microbiomes of patients with lung cancer.
METHODS
16S rRNA sequencing was performed to evaluate the respiratory tract microbiome present in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Patients were stratified based on programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression levels and immunotherapy responses.
RESULTS
In total, 84 patients were prospectively analyzed, of which 59 showed low (< 10%), and 25 showed high (≥ 10%) PD-L1 expression levels. The alpha and beta diversities did not significantly differ between the two groups. Veillonella dispar was dominant in the high-PD-L1 group; the population of Neisseria was significantly higher in the low-PD-L1 group than in the high-PD-L1 group. In the immunotherapy responder group, V. dispar was dominant, while Haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria perflava were dominant in the non-responder group.
CONCLUSION
The abundances of Neisseria and V. dispar differed significantly in relation to PD-L1 expression levels and immunotherapy responses.
Topics: Aged; Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological; B7-H1 Antigen; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; Immunotherapy; Lung; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Microbiota; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies
PubMed: 34963470
DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01919-1 -
Lupus Science & Medicine Oct 2021The risk factors associated with urinary tract infections (UTIs) in patients with SLE remain uncertain. We evaluated the vaginal microbiota pattern and its potential...
OBJECTIVE
The risk factors associated with urinary tract infections (UTIs) in patients with SLE remain uncertain. We evaluated the vaginal microbiota pattern and its potential UTI-associated risk factors.
METHODS
A pilot cross-sectional study of patients with SLE was conducted at Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand, during 2019-2020. Patients' demographic data and relevant information were collected. Vaginal microbiota was assessed in all patients and in 10 healthy volunteers.
RESULTS
Fifty-two patients were enrolled (mean age: 46.1 years). All patients had SLE that was in low disease activity. As per the Simpson_e index, the within-group alpha diversity of the vaginal microbiota was low in the SLE with UTI and SLE receiving trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) prophylaxis groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that TMP-SMX prophylaxis (adjusted OR (AOR), 30.96; 95% CI 3.63 to 264.11; p=0.002), elevated C3 levels (AOR, 35.33; 95% CI 1.33 to 936.67; p=0.033) and presence of in the vaginal microbiota (AOR, 6.68; 95% CI 1.27 to 35.07; p=0.025) were associated with UTI.
CONCLUSIONS
The vaginal microbiota diversity differed between patients with lupus with and without UTI, and unnecessary administration of TMP-SMX prophylaxis may affect the alpha diversity of the vaginal microbiota.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Microbiota; Middle Aged; Thailand; Urinary Tract Infections; Veillonella
PubMed: 34706864
DOI: 10.1136/lupus-2021-000551 -
Cureus Sep 2021We present the case of a 50-year-old man presenting with fever, back pain, persistent bacteremia with , echocardiographic evidence of a tricuspid valve vegetation...
We present the case of a 50-year-old man presenting with fever, back pain, persistent bacteremia with , echocardiographic evidence of a tricuspid valve vegetation increasing in size, and magnetic resonance imaging suggesting new vertebral osteomyelitis. He was successfully treated with intravenous ceftriaxone for six weeks. Deep-seated infections secondary to species are rare, but cases of endocarditis, osteomyelitis, and meningitis have been reported in the literature. Given species are normal human commensals present in the oropharyngeal flora, we suspect our patient developed native tricuspid valve endocarditis and vertebral osteomyelitis as a complication of either poor dentition or contaminated injection drug use paraphernalia and subsequent hematogenous seeding.
PubMed: 34667667
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.17989 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2021The self-produced matrix of biofilms, consisting of extracellular polymeric substances, plays an important role in biofilm adhesion to surfaces and the structural...
The self-produced matrix of biofilms, consisting of extracellular polymeric substances, plays an important role in biofilm adhesion to surfaces and the structural integrity of biofilms. In dentistry, biofilms cause multiple diseases such as caries, periodontitis, and pulpitis. Disruption of these biofilms adhering to dental hard tissues may pose a major challenge since biofilms show higher tolerance to antimicrobials and antibiotics than planktonic cells. In this study, the effect of low concentrations of chlorhexidine (CHX) on enzyme-treated multispecies oral biofilm was investigated in an model. Six-species biofilms were enzymatically treated by anaerobic growth in a medium containing DNase I and proteinase K. Biofilms were exposed to a low concentration of CHX at defined time points. After 64h, biofilms were either harvested and quantified by cultural analyses or stained for confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) analyses using either Live/Dead kit or different fluorescent dyes. A mixture of YoPro1 and SYTOX Green, Fluorescent Brightener 28 (Calcofluor), and SYPRO Ruby Protein Gel Stain was used to stain total DNA, exopolysaccharides, and extracellular proteins, respectively. Extracellular DNA (eDNA) was visualized an indirect immunofluorescence assay (Mouse anti-DNA IgG, Goat anti-Mouse IgG, Streptavidin-Cy3). Overall, the total colony-forming units significantly decreased after combined treatment with a low concentration of CHX and enzymes compared to the group treated with CHX alone (<0.001). These findings also apply to five species individually ( and ) occurring in the biofilms, with being the only exception. Furthermore, CLSM images showed less dense biofilms and a reduction in cell numbers after combined treatment compared to the group without enzymes. The combination of enzymes capable of disturbing the matrix integrity with antimicrobial agents thus appears to be a promising approach for biofilm disruption and killing.
PubMed: 34650542
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.741863 -
BMC Oral Health Jun 2021Supragingival plaque and saliva are commonly used for microbiome analysis. Many epidemiological studies have identified deciduous teeth caries as a risk factor for...
BACKGROUND
Supragingival plaque and saliva are commonly used for microbiome analysis. Many epidemiological studies have identified deciduous teeth caries as a risk factor for caries development in first permanent molar (FPM); nevertheless, to the best of our knowledge, there are no reports on the effects of deciduous teeth caries on the microbiome of healthy FPM. Additionally, it remains unclear whether saliva can be used instead of supragingival plaque for caries microbial studies. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate this issue, and to characterize and compare the oral microbiome of healthy FPMs in children with different caries statuses and that from children with and without caries in a similar microhabitat, by PacBio sequencing. Currently, few studies have investigated the oral microbiome of children using this technique.
METHODS
Thirty children (aged 7-9 years) with mixed dentition were enrolled; 15 had dental caries, and 15 did not. Supragingival plaques of deciduous molars and maxillary FPMs, and non-stimulating saliva samples were collected. DNA was extracted and the v1-v9 regions of 16S rRNA were amplified. Subsequently, PacBio sequencing and bioinformatic analyses were performed for microbiome identification.
RESULTS
The microbial alpha diversity of the saliva samples was lower than that of the supragingival plaque (p < 0.05); however, no differences were detected between deciduous teeth and FPMs (p > 0.05). In addition, the alpha and beta diversity of children with and without caries was also similar (p > 0.05). Nonmetric multidimensional scaling and Adonis analyses indicated that the microbial structure of salivary and supragingival plaque samples differ (p < 0.05). Further analysis of deciduous teeth plaque showed that Streptococcus mutans, Propionibacterium acidifaciens, and Veillonella dispar were more abundant in children with caries than in those without (p < 0.05); while in FPMs plaque, Selenomonas noxia was more abundant in healthy children (p < 0.05). No differences in microorganisms abundance were found in the saliva subgroups (p > 0.05).
CONCLUSION
We have determined that supragingival plaque was the best candidate for studying carious microbiome. Furthermore, S. mutans, V. dispar, and P. acidifaciens were highly associated with deciduous teeth caries. S. noxia may be associated with the abiding health of FPM; however, this requires additional studies.
Topics: Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dental Caries; Dental Caries Susceptibility; Dentition, Mixed; Humans; Microbiota; Propionibacterium; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Saliva; Selenomonas; Veillonella
PubMed: 34172026
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01683-0 -
Archives of Oral Biology Sep 2021This study aimed to investigate that these bacteria counts in the oral cavity were modulated by the recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) status according to age and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Quantitative changes of Veillonella, Streptococcus, and Neisseria in the oral cavity of patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to investigate that these bacteria counts in the oral cavity were modulated by the recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) status according to age and ethnicity with a systematic review and meta-analysis.
DESIGN
The relevant case-control studies were searched in the literature database in English, Korean, and Chinese until June 2020 using keywords, and the literature was screened and collated for Review Manager analysis. Sensitivity analysis and quality check of the included literature were conducted.
RESULTS
From the selection process, oral bacteria counts were measured by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 8 studies and next-generation sequencing in 4 studies. Healthy control, ulcerative phases of RAS (UC-RAS), non-ulcerative phases of RAS (Non-UC-RAS) groups included 442, 473, and 386 participants in a total of 12 studies. For PCR detection, mean differences (95 % confidence intervals) of Veillonella and Streptococcus counts between the healthy-control and RAS groups were -1.91 (-2.41 ∼ -1.41) and -1.34 (-1.85 ∼ -0.83)(P < 0.0001). The bacteria count results by "Next-generation" sequencing (NGS) and PCR methods were similar. Significantly lower Veillonella and Streptococcus counts were observed in the UC-RAS group than in the non-UC-RAS group (P < 0.0001). Veillonella and Streptococcus count differences between RAS and controls aged ≥30 years were greater than those aged <30 years. At the species level, the prevalence of RAS had a negative relation with Veillonella dispar count.
CONCLUSIONS
Counts of Veillonella and Streptococcus are strongly correlated with the recovery and progression of RAS, especially in middle-aged patients. Adjustment of oral microbiota should be considered in the treatment of RAS.
Topics: Humans; Middle Aged; Neisseria; Stomatitis, Aphthous; Streptococcus; Veillonella
PubMed: 34167010
DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105198