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Journal of Basic Microbiology Nov 2017Mitochondrial gene NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nad1), β-tubulin gene, and elongation factor 1-alpha (tef) were used to characterize and to identify 42 Lecanicillum...
Mitochondrial gene NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nad1), β-tubulin gene, and elongation factor 1-alpha (tef) were used to characterize and to identify 42 Lecanicillum spp. isolates (former complex species Verticillium lecanii Zimm. Viegas) and to study the phylogenetic relationships in this group. Within the isolates under investigation, Lecanicillium muscarium was the most common species (about 70% of all isolates, collected on the different hosts, predominantly on the insects from the order Hemiptera). Based on nad1 sequencing four main molecular haplotypes were revealed. All four haplotypes have Holarctic origin. Most of them were isolated in the Central part of Russia. One haplotype showed a specific association with the certain geographical area, limited to southwest Georgia and the Krasnodar Territory. For most strains their affiliation to species L. muscarium, L. longisporum, L. psalliotae, L. pissodes were confirmed by the phylogenetic tree, based on the combined sequences of nad1, β-tub, and tef genes. Only five strains of haplotype C and strain F-2643 could not be identified to any present Lecanicillium species and their position remains ambiguous. Thus, the use of multilocus molecular approach based on these genes was useful to identify the Lecanicillium species. Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) study evaluated a high diversity among the L. muscarium strains. The topology of the NJ-tree based on the ISSR-PCR markers has shown the genetic relationships with the support values 62-91% between L. muscarium isolates.
Topics: Animals; Genes, Fungal; Genotype; Genotyping Techniques; Haplotypes; Hemiptera; Hypocreales; Insecta; Multilocus Sequence Typing; NADH Dehydrogenase; Peptide Elongation Factor 1; Phylogeny; Russia; Tubulin; Verticillium
PubMed: 28787109
DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201700092 -
Scientific Reports Sep 2016Chinese Cordyceps, known in Chinese as "DongChong XiaCao", is a parasitic complex of a fungus (Ophiocordyceps sinensis) and a caterpillar. The current study explored the...
Chinese Cordyceps, known in Chinese as "DongChong XiaCao", is a parasitic complex of a fungus (Ophiocordyceps sinensis) and a caterpillar. The current study explored the endogenetic fungal communities inhabiting Chinese Cordyceps. Samples were collected from five different geographical regions of Qinghai and Tibet, and the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer-1 sequences from each sample were obtained using Illumina high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that Ascomycota was the dominant fungal phylum in Chinese Cordyceps and its soil microhabitat from different sampling regions. Among the Ascomycota, 65 genera were identified, and the abundant operational taxonomic units showed the strongest sequence similarity to Ophiocordyceps, Verticillium, Pseudallescheria, Candida and Ilyonectria Not surprisingly, the genus Ophiocordyceps was the largest among the fungal communities identified in the fruiting bodies and external mycelial cortices of Chinese Cordyceps. In addition, fungal communities in the soil microhabitats were clustered separately from the external mycelial cortices and fruiting bodies of Chinese Cordyceps from different sampling regions. There was no significant structural difference in the fungal communities between the fruiting bodies and external mycelial cortices of Chinese Cordyceps. This study revealed an unexpectedly high diversity of fungal communities inhabiting the Chinese Cordyceps and its microhabitats.
Topics: Base Sequence; Cluster Analysis; Cordyceps; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer; Ecosystem; Fruiting Bodies, Fungal; Genetic Variation; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Hypocreales; Mycelium; Principal Component Analysis
PubMed: 27625176
DOI: 10.1038/srep33437 -
Journal of Agricultural and Food... Apr 2016Verticillium wilt caused by Verticillium dahliae is a major limiting factor for tomato production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of...
Verticillium wilt caused by Verticillium dahliae is a major limiting factor for tomato production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of ligand 2,5-bis(pyridin-2-yl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole (L) and its complex bis[μ-2,5-bis(pyridin-2-yl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole-κ(4)N(2),N(3):N(4),N(5)]bis[dihydrato-κO)nickel(II)] as activators of plant defenses in controlling Verticillium wilt. In the greenhouse, they protected tomato plants against V. dahliae when they were applied twice as foliar sprays at 100 μg mL(-1). A synergistic effect was observed between the ligand L and the transition metal Ni, with disease incidence reduced by 38% with L and 57% with Ni2L2. Verticillium wilt foliar symptoms and vascular browning index were reduced by 82% for L and 95% for Ni2L2. This protection ability was associated with the induction of an oxidative burst and the activation of the total phenolic content as well as potentiation of the activity of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase. These results demonstrated that L and Ni2L2 can be considered as new activators of plant defense responses.
Topics: Arabidopsis; Disease Resistance; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Hypocreales; Ligands; Solanum lycopersicum; Mitosporic Fungi; Nickel; Plant Diseases; Plant Proteins; Plants, Genetically Modified; Pyridines; Thiadiazoles; Verticillium
PubMed: 26991972
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b00151 -
Persoonia Jun 2015Stromata of Trichoderma species having green ascospores were collected in various regions of China. Based on morphology of the sexual and asexual morph, culture...
Stromata of Trichoderma species having green ascospores were collected in various regions of China. Based on morphology of the sexual and asexual morph, culture characteristics, and sequence analyses of rpb2 and tef1 genes, 17 species with green ascospores were identified. Among them, Trichoderma rosulatum, T. rufobrunneum and T. stipitatum are described as new species, and seven other species are reported for the first time from China. Trichoderma rosulatum produces small bright yellow or pale greenish stromata with dense dark green ostioles and gliocladium-like conidiophores, shows a close relationship to T. thelephoricola, and belongs to the Chlorospora clade. Trichoderma rufobrunneum, which typically forms reddish brown stromata, is recognised as a member of the Harzianum clade. Trichoderma stipitatum is characterised by turbinate, pale yellow to nearly orange stromata and verticillium-like conidiophores; it forms a distinct, independent lineage with strong bootstrap support in the phylogenetic trees. The distinctions between the new species and their close relatives are discussed, and their phylogenetic positions are explored.
PubMed: 26240449
DOI: 10.3767/003158515X686732 -
Parasitology Research Jul 2015Baylisascaris procyonis is a soil-transmitted helminth mainly found in raccoons (Procyon lotor) which can also affect other domestic and sylvatic animals, as well as...
Baylisascaris procyonis is a soil-transmitted helminth mainly found in raccoons (Procyon lotor) which can also affect other domestic and sylvatic animals, as well as humans, when the eggs released in the feces of parasitized raccoons are accidentally ingested. Three assays have been conducted to assess the effect of three saprophytic fungi, Mucor circinelloides, Paecilomyces lilacinus, and Verticillium sp., on the eggs of B. procyonis. Firstly, their ovicidal effect was in vitro ascertained by placing 1 mL with 2 × 10(6) spores of each fungus in Petri plates with water-agar (2 %) and simultaneously adding 200 eggs of Baylisascaris/plate. Two in vivo probes were carried out, by spraying the fungal spores (3 mL containing about 2 × 10(6) spores/mL) on the feces of raccoons and coatis (Nasua narica) passing eggs of B. procyonis in a zoological park; the other assay consisted of evaluating the activity of the fungi after adding sand to fecal samples from raccoons. An ovicidal type 3 activity characterized by morphological damage of the eggshell with hyphal penetration, internal egg colonization, and embryo alteration was observed for all the tested fungi. In the plate assays, viability of Baylisascaris eggs reduced significantly by 53-69 % with Mucor, 45-62 % with Paecilomyces, and 52-67 % with Verticillium. A similar ovicidal effect was detected in the feces with sand. These results demonstrate the usefulness of spraying spores of M. circinelloides, Pa. lilacinus, or Verticillium sp. on the feces of animals infected by Baylisascaris to decrease the numbers of viable eggs and, thus, the risk of infection.
Topics: Animals; Antibiosis; Ascaridoidea; Feces; Hypocreales; Mucor; Ovum; Paecilomyces; Pest Control, Biological; Raccoons; Soil Microbiology
PubMed: 25828813
DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4440-0 -
Mycologia 2015Collections of Trichoderma having hyaline ascospores from different areas of China were examined. Using combined analyses of morphological data, culture characters and...
Collections of Trichoderma having hyaline ascospores from different areas of China were examined. Using combined analyses of morphological data, culture characters and phylogenetic information based on rDNA sequences of partial nuc translation elongation factor 1-α encoding gene (TEF1-α) and the gene encoding the second largest nuc RNA polymerase subunit (RPB2), three new species, Trichoderma applanatum, T. oligosporum and T. sinoluteum, were discovered and are described. Trichoderma applanatum produces continuous flat to pulvinate, white to cream stromata with dense orange or pale brown ostioles, and simple acremonium-like to verticillium-like conidiophores, belongs to the Hypocreanum clade and is closely related to T. decipiens. Trichoderma oligosporum forms reddish brown stromata with a downy surface, hyaline conidia and gliocladium-like conidiophores, and is closely related to but distinct from T. crystalligenum in the Psychrophila clade. Trichoderma sinoluteum, as a member of the Polysporum clade, is characterized by pale yellow stromata, white pustulate conidiomata, pachybasium-like conidiophores, and hyaline conidia. Differences between the new species and their close relatives are discussed.
Topics: China; DNA, Fungal; DNA, Ribosomal; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases; Fungal Proteins; Molecular Sequence Data; Peptide Elongation Factor 1; Phylogeny; Spores, Fungal; Trichoderma
PubMed: 25572101
DOI: 10.3852/14-141 -
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Jan 2015Headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to analyse microbial volatile organic compounds...
Headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to analyse microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs) of mushroom disease-related microorganisms. Mycogone perniciosa, Lecanicillum fungicola var. fungicola, and Trichoderma aggressivum f. europaeum species, which are typically harmful in mushroom cultivation, were examined, and Agaricus bisporus (bisporic button mushroom) was also examined as a control. For internal standard, a mixture of alkanes was used; these were introduced as the memory effect of primed septa in the vial seal. Several different marker compounds were found in each sample, which enabled us to distinguish the different moulds and the mushroom mycelium from each other. Monitoring of marker compounds enabled us to investigate the behaviour of moulds. The records of the temporal pattern changes were used to produce partial least squares regression (PLS-R) models that enabled determination of the exact time of contamination (the infection time of the media). Using these evaluation techniques, the presence of mushroom disease-related fungi can be easily detected and monitored via their emitted MVOCs.
Topics: Agaricales; Alkanes; Biomarkers; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Hypocreales; Least-Squares Analysis; Plant Diseases; Solid Phase Microextraction; Species Specificity; Trichoderma; Verticillium; Volatile Organic Compounds
PubMed: 25416229
DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8302-x