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Fish & Shellfish Immunology Jun 2024Infection with Vibrio mimicus in the Siluriformes has demonstrated a rapid and high infectivity and mortality rate, distinct from other hosts. Our earlier investigations...
Infection with Vibrio mimicus in the Siluriformes has demonstrated a rapid and high infectivity and mortality rate, distinct from other hosts. Our earlier investigations identified necrosis, an inflammatory storm, and tissue remodeling as crucial pathological responses in yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) infected with V. mimicus. The objective of this study was to further elucidate the impact linking these pathological responses within the host during V. mimicus infection. Employing metabolomics and transcriptomics, we uncovered infection-induced dense vacuolization of perimysium; Several genes related to nucleosidase and peptidase activities were significantly upregulated in the skin and muscles of infected fish. Concurrently, the translation processes of host cells were impaired. Further investigation revealed that V. mimicus completes its infection process by enhancing its metabolism, including the utilization of oligopeptides and nucleotides. The high susceptibility of yellow catfish to V. mimicus infection was associated with the composition of its body surface, which provided a microenvironment rich in various nucleotides such as dIMP, dAMP, deoxyguanosine, and ADP, in addition to several amino acids and peptides. Some of these metabolites significantly boost V. mimicus growth and motility, thus influencing its biological functions. Furthermore, we uncovered an elevated expression of gangliosides on the surface of yellow catfish, aiding V. mimicus adhesion and increasing its infection risk. Notably, we observed that the skin and muscles of yellow catfish were deficient in over 25 polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as Eicosapentaenoic acid, 12-oxo-ETE, and 13-Oxo-ODE. These substances play a role in anti-inflammatory mechanisms, possibly contributing to the immune dysregulation observed in yellow catfish. In summary, our study reveals a host immune deviation phenomenon that promotes bacterial colonization by increasing nutrient supply. It underscores the crucial factors rendering yellow catfish highly susceptible to V. mimicus, indicating that host nutritional sources not only enable the establishment and maintenance of infection within the host but also aid bacterial survival under immune pressure, ultimately completing its lifecycle.
PubMed: 38885802
DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109707 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2024[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1295065.].
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1295065.].
PubMed: 38544864
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1381070 -
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences Mar 2024Vibrio species are common inhabitants of aquatic environments and have been described in connection with fish and human diseases. Six Vibrio species were isolated from...
Vibrio species are common inhabitants of aquatic environments and have been described in connection with fish and human diseases. Six Vibrio species were isolated from diseased freshwater and ornamental fish in Poland. The strains were identified based on morphological and biochemical characteristics and confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) as V. albensis (n=3) from Gymnocephalus cernua, Sander lucioperca, Paracheirodon innesi, and Xiphophorus hellerii; V. mimicus (n=1) from Xiphophorus maculatus; and V. vulnificus (n=1) from Nematobrycon palmeri. This is the first time that Vibrio species have been isolated and described from ornamental fish in Poland. The isolates were resistant to ampicillin (83.3%), gentamicin (16.6%), ciprofloxacin (16.6%), sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (16.6%), and chloramphenicol (16.6%). The multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index was 0.00-0.08 for V. albensis, 0.17 for V. mimicus, and 0.33 for V. vulnificus. Our study confirmed the presence of potentially pathogenic Vibrio species in freshwater and ornamental fish. Therefore, further monitoring of the presence of Vibrio species, mainly in ornamental fish, is necessary.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Poland; Vibrio Infections; Vibrio; Fishes; Fresh Water
PubMed: 38511636
DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2024.149341 -
Fish & Shellfish Immunology Apr 2024Vibrio mimicus is a pathogenic bacterium that cause red body disease in Macrobrachium nipponense, leading to high mortality and financial loss. Based on previous...
Vibrio mimicus is a pathogenic bacterium that cause red body disease in Macrobrachium nipponense, leading to high mortality and financial loss. Based on previous studies, rpoS gene contribute to bacterial pathogenicity during infection, but the role of RpoS involved in the immune response of M. nipponense under V. mimicus infection remains unclear. In this study, the pathogen load and the RNA-seq of M. nipponense under wild-type and ΔrpoS strain V. mimicus infection were investigated. Over the entire infection period, the ΔrpoS strain pathogen load was always lower than that of the wild-type strain in the M. nipponense hemolymph, hepatopancreas, gill and muscle. Furthermore, the expression level of rpoS gene in the hepatopancreas was the highest at 24 hours post infection (hpi), then the samples of hepatopancreas tissue infected with the wild type and ΔrpoS strain at 24 hpi were selected for RNA-seq sequencing. The results revealed a significant change in the transcriptomes of the hepatopancreases infected with ΔrpoS strain. In contrast to the wild-type infected group, the ΔrpoS strain infected group exhibited differentially expressed genes (DEGs) enriched in 181 KEGG pathways at 24 hpi. Among these pathways, 8 immune system-related pathways were enriched, including ECM-receptor interaction, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, Rap1 signaling pathway, Gap junction, and Focal adhesion, etc. Among these pathways, up-regulated genes related to Kazal-type serine protease inhibitors, S-antigen protein, copper zinc superoxide dismutase, tight junction protein, etc. were enriched. This study elucidates that rpoS can affect tissue bacterial load and immune-related pathways, thereby impacting the survival rate of M. nipponense under V. mimicus infection. These findings validate the potential of rpoS as a promising target for the development of a live attenuated vaccine against V. mimicus.
Topics: Animals; Palaemonidae; Vibrio mimicus; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Transcriptome; Vibrio Infections; Immunity
PubMed: 38342414
DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109440 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Jan 2024is a serious pathogen in aquatic animals, resulting in significant economic losses. The cAMP receptor protein (CRP) often acts as a central regulator in highly...
is a serious pathogen in aquatic animals, resulting in significant economic losses. The cAMP receptor protein (CRP) often acts as a central regulator in highly pathogenic pathogens. SCCF01 is a highly pathogenic strain isolated from yellow catfish; the gene deletion strain (Δ) was constructed by natural transformation to determine whether this deletion affects the virulence phenotypes. Their potential molecular connections were revealed by qRT-PCR analysis. Our results showed that the absence of the gene resulted in bacterial and colony morphological changes alongside decreases in bacterial growth, hemolytic activity, biofilm formation, enzymatic activity, motility, and cell adhesion. A cell cytotoxicity assay and animal experiments confirmed that contributes to pathogenicity, as the LD of the Δ strain was 73.1-fold lower compared to the WT strain. Moreover, qRT-PCR analysis revealed the inhibition of type II secretion system genes, flagellum genes, adhesion genes, and metalloproteinase genes in the deletion strain. This resulted in the virulence phenotype differences described above. Together, these data demonstrate that the gene plays a core regulatory role in virulence and pathogenicity.
PubMed: 38338079
DOI: 10.3390/ani14030437 -
International Journal of Infectious... Apr 2024South Asia remains home to foodborne diseases caused by the Vibrio species. We aimed to compile and update information on the epidemiology of vibriosis in South Asia. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVES
South Asia remains home to foodborne diseases caused by the Vibrio species. We aimed to compile and update information on the epidemiology of vibriosis in South Asia.
METHODS
For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Google Scholar for studies related to vibriosis in South Asia published up to May 2023. A random-effects meta-analysis was used to estimate the pooled isolation rate of non-cholera-causing Vibrio species.
RESULTS
In total, 38 studies were included. Seven of these were case reports and 22 were included in the meta-analysis. The reported vibriosis cases were caused by non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, V. fluvialis, and V. vulnificus. The overall pooled isolation rate was 4.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.0-5.0%) in patients with diarrhea. Heterogeneity was high (I = 98.0%). The isolation rate of non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, and V. fluvialis were 9.0 (95% CI 7.0-10.0%), 1.0 (95% CI 1.0-2.0%), and 2.0 (95% CI: 1.0-3.0%), respectively. Regarding V. parahaemolyticus, O3:K6 was the most frequently isolated serotype. Cases peaked during summer. Several studies reported antibiotic-resistant strains and those harboring extended-spectrum beta-lactamases genes.
CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrates a high burden of infections caused by non-cholera-causing Vibrio species in South Asia.
Topics: Humans; Vibrio cholerae; Vibrio Infections; Foodborne Diseases; Diarrhea; Asia, Southern
PubMed: 38311027
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.01.022 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023HtpG, a bacterial homolog of the eukaryotic 90 kDa heat-shock protein (Hsp90), represents the simplest member of the heat shock protein family. While the significance of...
HtpG, a bacterial homolog of the eukaryotic 90 kDa heat-shock protein (Hsp90), represents the simplest member of the heat shock protein family. While the significance of Hsp90 in fungal and cancer drug resistance has been confirmed, the role of HtpG in bacterial antibiotic resistance remains largely unexplored. This research aims to investigate the impact of the gene on antibiotic resistance in . Through the creation of gene deletion and complementation strains, we have uncovered the essential role of in regulating the structural integrity of the bacterial cell envelope. Our transcriptomics analysis demonstrates that the deletion of increases the sensitivity of to antimicrobial peptides, primarily due to upregulated lipopolysaccharide synthesis, reduced glycerophospholipid content, and weakened efflux pumps activity. Conversely, reduced sensitivity to β-lactam antibiotics in the Δ strain results from decreased peptidoglycan synthesis and dysregulated peptidoglycan recycling and regulation. Further exploration of specific pathway components is essential for a comprehensive understanding of -mediated resistance mechanisms, aiding in the development of antimicrobial agents. To our knowledge, this is the first effort to explore the relationship between and drug resistance in bacteria.
PubMed: 38239724
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1295065 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Nov 2023A Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic, motile, curved-rod-shaped flagellated bacterium, designated DSL-7, was isolated from the intestine of in the Yangtze...
A Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic, motile, curved-rod-shaped flagellated bacterium, designated DSL-7, was isolated from the intestine of in the Yangtze river, PR China. The strain grew optimally in tryptone soy broth medium at 37 °C, pH 7.0 and with 1 % (w/v) NaCl. Strain DSL-7 showed less than 96.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to type strains of the genus . Phylogenetic analysis based on genomes indicated that strain DSL-7 belonged to the genus and formed a subclade with NCTC 11435, OP3H, ATCC 14035, ATCC14547, OP3HEDC-792 and 2521-89. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and in digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between DSL-7 and closely related type strains were below the accepted threshold to delineate a new species of 95 and 70 %, respectively. The major cellular fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C 7 and/or C 6), C, summed feature 8 (C 7 and/or C 6) and C. The genomic DNA G+C content was 47.6 mol%. Based on the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic and genomic data, strain DSL-7 represents a novel species of the genus , for which the name sp. nov. is proposed, with strain DSL-7 (=KCTC 92851=CCTCC AB 2022396) as the type strain.
Topics: Fatty Acids; Phospholipids; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; DNA, Bacterial; Base Composition; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Vibrio; Intestines
PubMed: 37991223
DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.006117 -
BMC Microbiology Oct 2023Virulence determinants are crucial to the risk assessment of pathogens in an environment. This study investigated the presence of eleven key virulence-associated genes...
Occurrence of virulence determinants in vibrio cholerae, vibrio mimicus, vibrio alginolyticus, and vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates from important water resources of Eastern Cape, South Africa.
BACKGROUND
Virulence determinants are crucial to the risk assessment of pathogens in an environment. This study investigated the presence of eleven key virulence-associated genes in Vibrio cholerae (n = 111) and Vibrio mimicus (n = 22) and eight virulence determinants in Vibrio alginolyticus (n = 65) and Vibrio parahaemolyticus (n = 17) isolated from six important water resources in Eastern Cape, South Africa, using PCR techniques. The multiple virulence gene indexes (MVGI) for sampling sites and isolates as well as hotspots for potential vibriosis outbreaks among sampling sites were determined statistically based on the comparison of MVGI.
RESULT
The PCR assay showed that all the V. cholerae isolates belong to non-O1/non-O139 serogroups. Of the isolates, Vibrio Cholera (84%), V. mimicus (73%), V. alginolyticus (91%) and V. parahaemolyticus (100%) isolates harboured at least one of the virulence-associated genes investigated. The virulence gene combinations detected in isolates varied at sampling site and across sites. Typical virulence-associated determinants of V. cholerae were detected in V. mimicus while that of V. parahaemolyticus were detected in V. alginolyticus. The isolates with the highest MVGI were recovered from three estuaries (Sunday river, Swartkopps river, buffalo river) and a freshwater resource (Lashinton river). The cumulative MVGI for V. cholerae, V. mimicus, V. alginolyticus and V. parahaemolyticus isolates were 0.34, 0.20, 0.45, and 0.40 respectively. The targeted Vibrio spp. in increasing order of the public health risk posed in our study areas based on the MVGI is V. alginolyticus > V. parahaemolyticus > V. cholerae > V. mimicus. Five (sites SR, PA5, PA6, EL4 and EL6) out of the seventeen sampling sites were detected as the hotspots for potential cholera-like infection and vibriosis outbreaks.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest that humans having contact with water resources in our study areas are exposed to potential public health risks owing to the detection of virulent determinants in human pathogenic Vibrio spp. recovered from the water resources. The study affirms the relevancy of environmental Vibrio species to the epidemiology of vibriosis, cholera and cholera-like infections. Hence we suggest a monitoring program for human pathogenic Vibrio spp. in the environment most especially surface water that humans have contact with regularly.
Topics: Humans; Vibrio cholerae; Vibrio mimicus; Cholera; Vibrio parahaemolyticus; Vibrio alginolyticus; Virulence; South Africa; Water Resources; Vibrio; Virulence Factors; Vibrio Infections
PubMed: 37891478
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03060-z -
Cureus Aug 2023Malaria is referred to as a "rainy season disease" and is brought on by species. , a spirochete, cause zoonosis leptospirosis. It is pretty uncommon for both diseases...
Malaria is referred to as a "rainy season disease" and is brought on by species. , a spirochete, cause zoonosis leptospirosis. It is pretty uncommon for both diseases to coinfect one another. Before assuming a fever is caused by a vector-borne disease, it is essential to first rule out other possible causes, regardless of the patient's risk factors. This case report demonstrates an unusual coinfection and how it manifests. The patient can avoid many deadly consequences with early detection and prompt treatment. There have been reports of coinfections between malaria and various infectious diseases, including dengue, hantavirus, and filariasis. Recently, a few case reports of coinfection with leptospirosis and malaria have also been published. Leptospirosis and malaria are both spreadable diseases that are prevalent throughout the world, particularly in the tropics. We discuss a case of coinfection with meningoencephalitis, leptospirosis, and malaria in a young male who required intensive care unit (ICU) care. It is difficult to distinguish between single infections and coinfections due to the wide variability in presentation, which may further confound the clinical features. Furthermore, when a coinfection is present but has not yet been identified, the clinical course may worsen because there is no effective treatment. This case report demonstrates the uncommon coinfection appearance and related symptoms. The case study also examined the management of patients with leptospirosis, meningoencephalitis, and life-threatening malaria coinfections as well as the clinical course of such coinfections. A meningeal infection or inflammation that resembles both meningitis and encephalitis is referred to as meningoencephalitis.
PubMed: 37746455
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43879