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Applied and Environmental Microbiology Jun 2024Antibiotics are often used to treat severe infections, with third-generation cephalosporins and tetracyclines combined or fluoroquinolones alone being recommended by...
Antibiotics are often used to treat severe infections, with third-generation cephalosporins and tetracyclines combined or fluoroquinolones alone being recommended by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Increases in antibiotic resistance of both environmental and clinical vibrios are of concern; however, limited longitudinal data have been generated among environmental isolates to inform how resistance patterns may be changing over time. Hence, we evaluated long-term trends in antibiotic resistance of vibrios isolated from Chesapeake Bay waters (Maryland) across two 3-year sampling periods (2009-2012 and 2019-2022). ( = 134) and ( = 94) tR-confirmed isolates were randomly selected from both sampling periods and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility against eight antibiotics using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. A high percentage (94%-96%) of isolates from both sampling periods were resistant to ampicillin and only 2%-6% of these isolates expressed intermediate resistance or resistance to third-generation cephalosporins, amikacin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Even lower percentages of resistant isolates were observed and those were mostly recovered from 2009 to 2012, however, the presence of multiple virulence factors was observed. The frequency of multi-drug resistance was relatively low (6%-8%) but included resistance against antibiotics used to treat severe vibriosis in adults and children. All isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone, indicating its sustained efficacy as a first-line agent in the treatment of severe vibriosis. Overall, our data indicate that antibiotic resistance patterns among and recovered from the lower Chesapeake Bay have remained relatively stable since 2009.IMPORTANCE spp. have historically been susceptible to most clinically relevant antibiotics; however, resistance and intermediate-resistance have been increasingly recorded in both environmental and clinical isolates. Our data showed that while the percentage of multi-drug resistance and resistance to antibiotics was relatively low and stable across time, some isolates displayed resistance and intermediate resistance to antibiotics typically used to treat severe vibriosis (e.g., third-generation cephalosporins, tetracyclines, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and aminoglycosides). Also, given the high case fatality rates observed with infections, the presence of multiple virulence factors in the tested isolates is concerning. Nevertheless, the continued susceptibility of all tested isolates against ciprofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone, is indicative of its use as an effective first-line treatment of severe spp. infections stemming from exposure to Chesapeake Bay waters or contaminated seafood ingestion.
Topics: Vibrio parahaemolyticus; Vibrio vulnificus; Bays; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Longitudinal Studies; Maryland; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Vibrio Infections; Humans
PubMed: 38809043
DOI: 10.1128/aem.00539-24 -
Food Chemistry Oct 2024Vibrio vulnificus infection caused by contaminated aquatic products and seawater can lead to severe disease and high mortality. The development of a rapid and sensitive...
Vibrio vulnificus infection caused by contaminated aquatic products and seawater can lead to severe disease and high mortality. The development of a rapid and sensitive detection method for Vibrio vulnificus is vital to effectively prevent infection in advance. In this study, CeO@PtRu with high peroxidase activity was used to construct a colorimetric immunoassay for Vibrio vulnificus detection by conjugating polyclonal antibodies via the biotin-streptavidin system. The developed colorimetric biosensor for Vibrio vulnificus demonstrated rapid operability and good sensitivity with a detection range from 10 CFU/mL to 10 CFU/mL, and the limit of detection (LOD) is 193 CFU/mL. Moreover, the colorimetric biosensor showed excellent specificity and good recoveries from 98.70% to 102.10% with RSD < 7.45% for spiked real samples. This novel CeO@PtRu-based colorimetric biosensor has great application potential for the sensitive detection of Vibrio vulnificus in seafood.
Topics: Vibrio vulnificus; Colorimetry; Biosensing Techniques; Seafood; Cerium; Peroxidase; Limit of Detection; Food Contamination; Animals
PubMed: 38805924
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139757 -
Environmental Pollution (Barking, Essex... Aug 2024The impact of leachates from micronized beached plastics of the Mediterranean Sea and Atlantic Ocean on coastal marine ecosystems was investigated by using a...
The impact of leachates from micronized beached plastics of the Mediterranean Sea and Atlantic Ocean on coastal marine ecosystems was investigated by using a multidisciplinary approach. Chemical analysis and ecotoxicological tests on phylogenetically distant species were performed on leachates from the following plastic categories: bottles, pellets, hard plastic (HP) containers, fishing nets (FN) and rapido trawling rubber (RTR). The bacteria Alivibrio fischeri, the nauplii of the crustaceans Amphibalanus amphitrite and Acartia tonsa, the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis, the embryos of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus, the ephyrae of the jellyfish Aurelia sp. and the larvae of the medaka Oryzias latipes were exposed to different concentrations of leachates to evaluate lethal and sub-lethal effects. Thirty-one additives were identified in the plastic leachates; benzophenone, benzyl butyl phthalate and ethylparaben were present in all leachates. Ecotoxicity of leachates varied among plastic categories and areas, being RTR, HP and FN more toxic than plastic bottles and pellets to several marine invertebrates. The ecotoxicological results based on 13 endpoints were elaborated within a quantitative weight of evidence (WOE) model, providing a synthetic hazard index for each data typology, before their integrations in an environmental risk index. The WOE assigned a moderate and slight hazard to organisms exposed to leachates of FN and HP collected in the Mediterranean Sea respectively, and a moderate hazard to leachates of HP from the Atlantic Ocean. No hazard was found for pellet, bottles and RTR. These findings suggest that an integrated approach based on WOE on a large set of bioassays is recommended to get a more reliable assessment of the ecotoxicity of beached-plastic leachates. In addition, the additives leached from FN and HP should be further investigated to reduce high concentrations and additive types that could impact marine ecosystem health.
Topics: Animals; Plastics; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Mediterranean Sea; Aquatic Organisms; Invertebrates; Aliivibrio fischeri; Environmental Monitoring; Atlantic Ocean; Ecotoxicology; Vertebrates; Oryzias; Paracentrotus
PubMed: 38801877
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124233 -
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology May 2024Isolates of Vibrio splendidus are ubiquitously presented in various marine environments, and they can infect diverse marine culture animals, leading to high mortality...
Isolates of Vibrio splendidus are ubiquitously presented in various marine environments, and they can infect diverse marine culture animals, leading to high mortality and economic loss. Therefore, a control strategy of the infection caused by V. splendidus is urgently recommended. Tryptanthrin is a naturally extracted bioactive chemical with antimicrobial activity to other bacteria. In this study, the effects of tryptanthrin on the bacterial growth and virulence-related factors of one pathogenic strain V. splendidus AJ01 were determined. Tryptanthrin (10 μg/mL) could completely inhibit the growth of V. splendidus AJ01. The virulence-related factors of V. splendidus AJ01 were affected in the presence of tryptanthrin. Tryptanthrin resulted an increase in biofilm formation, but lead to reduction in the motility and hemolytic activity of V. splendidus cells. In the cells treated with tryptanthrin, two distinctly differentially expressed extracellular proteins, proteases and flagellum, were identified using SDS-PAGE combined with LC-MS. Real-time reverse transcriptase PCR confirmed that the genes involved in the flagellar formation and hemolysin decreased, whereas specific extracellular proteases and the genes involved in the biofilm formation were upregulated. Two previously annotated luxO genes were cloned, and their expression levels were analyzed at different cell densities. Molecular docking was performed to predict the interaction between LuxO and ATP/tryptanthrin. The two sigma-54-dependent transcriptional regulators showed similar ATP or tryptanthrin binding capacity but with different sites, and the direct competitive binding between ATP and tryptanthrin was present only in their binding to LuxO. These results indicated that tryptanthrin can be used as a bactericide of V. splendidus by inhibiting the growth, bacterial flagella, and extracellular proteases, but increasing the biofilm. Sigma-54-dependent transcriptional regulator, especially the quorum sensing regulatory protein LuxO, was determined to be the potential target of tryptanthrin. KEY POINTS: • Tryptanthrin inhibited the growth of V. splendidus in a dose-dependent manner. • The effect of tryptanthrin on the virulence factors of V. splendidus was characterized. • LuxO was the potential target for tryptanthrin based on molecular docking.
Topics: Biofilms; Vibrio; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Quinazolines; Virulence Factors; Molecular Docking Simulation; Bacterial Proteins; Flagella; Hemolysis; Animals; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial
PubMed: 38789572
DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13158-7 -
Journal of Invertebrate Pathology Jul 2024This study aims to investigate the use of pond apple (Annona glabra) compounds as a novel strategy to prevent and treat acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND)...
This study aims to investigate the use of pond apple (Annona glabra) compounds as a novel strategy to prevent and treat acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) as well as to better understand the mechanism of health improvement in shrimp. The A. glabra leaf extracts were extracted using various solvents and examined for in vitro and in vivo activity against Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains. In comparison with ethanol and water extracts, methanol extract showed the strongest bactericidal effect (MBC/MIC ratio of 2.50 ± 1.00), with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.023 ± 0.012 mg ml and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 0.065 ± 0.062 mg ml. White leg shrimp (P. vannamei, body weight 10.37 ± 0.27 g) fed A. glabra methanol extracts-containing diets (AMEDs) at 1 %, 1.5 %, and 2.0 % demonstrated no deleterious effects on survival and were significantly increased in length and weight after 30 days of feeding. The level of total haemocyte, hyaline haemocyte on day 15 and granulocyte on day 30 remarkably increased (p < 0.05) in shrimps fed AMEDs groups compared to those in the control group. The finding demonstrates that granulocyte was induced time dependently. In particular, the survival rate of V. parahaemolyticus challenged shrimps under medication with AMEDs at 1.5 % and 2.0 % was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of the control group. The decrease in bacterial load of Vibrio spp. and V. parahaemolyticus was obviously recorded in hepatopancreas shrimp given AMEDs 1.5 % and 2.0 % and may be linked to herb characteristics such as antibacterial activity, enhancing innate immunity, and its potential to maintain the integrity of hepatopancreatic tissue. Our findings suggest that A. glabra extract might be used as a health enhancer in commercial farmed shrimp.
Topics: Animals; Penaeidae; Plant Extracts; Vibrio parahaemolyticus; Annona; Hepatopancreas; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 38788921
DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2024.108142 -
Microbiological Research Aug 2024Vibrio alginolyticus is one of the most common opportunistic pathogens in marine animals and humans. In this study, A transposon mutation library of the V. alginolyticus...
Vibrio alginolyticus is one of the most common opportunistic pathogens in marine animals and humans. In this study, A transposon mutation library of the V. alginolyticus E110 was used to identify motility-related genes, and we found three flagellar and one capsular polysaccharide (CPS) synthesis-related genes were linked to swarming motility. Then, gene deletion and complementation further confirmed that CPS synthesis-related gene ugd is involved in the swarming motility of V. alginolyticus. Phenotype assays showed that the Δugd mutant reduced CPS production, decreased biofilm formation, impaired swimming ability, and increased cytotoxicity compared to the wild-type strain. Transcriptome analysis showed that 655 genes (15%) were upregulated and 914 genes (21%) were downregulated in the Δugd strain. KEGG pathway and heatmap analysis revealed that genes involved in two-component systems (TCSs), chemotaxis, and flagella assembly pathways were downregulated in the Δugd mutant. On the other hand, genes involved in pathways of human diseases, biosynthesis ABC transporters, and metabolism were upregulated in the Δugd mutant. The RT-qPCR further validated that ugd-regulated genes are associated with motility, biofilm formation, virulence, and TCSs. These findings imply that ugd may be an important player in the control of some physiological processes in V. alginolyticus, highlighting its potential as a target for future research and potential therapeutic interventions.
Topics: Vibrio alginolyticus; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Biofilms; Bacterial Proteins; Flagella; Bacterial Capsules; Polysaccharides, Bacterial; Virulence; Animals; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Deletion; Humans; Vibrio Infections
PubMed: 38788350
DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127775 -
Marine Drugs May 2024Alginate oligosaccharides (AOS), products of alginate degradation by endotype alginate lyases, possess favorable biological activities and have broad applications....
Alginate oligosaccharides (AOS), products of alginate degradation by endotype alginate lyases, possess favorable biological activities and have broad applications. Although many have been reported, alginate lyases with homogeneous AOS products and secretory production by an engineered host are scarce. Herein, the alginate lyase AlyC7 from sp. C42 was characterized as a trisaccharide-producing lyase exhibiting high activity and broad substrate specificity. With PelB as the signal peptide and 500 mM glycine as the additive, the extracellular production of AlyC7 in reached 1122.8 U/mL after 27 h cultivation in Luria-Bertani medium. The yield of trisaccharides from sodium alginate degradation by the produced AlyC7 reached 758.6 mg/g, with a purity of 85.1%. The prepared AOS at 20 μg/mL increased the root length of lettuce, tomato, wheat, and maize by 27.5%, 25.7%, 9.7%, and 11.1%, respectively. This study establishes a robust foundation for the industrial and agricultural applications of AlyC7.
Topics: Polysaccharide-Lyases; Trisaccharides; Escherichia coli; Vibrio; Substrate Specificity; Alginates; Zea mays; Oligosaccharides
PubMed: 38786621
DOI: 10.3390/md22050230 -
International Journal of Biological... Jun 2024Cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) has emerged as an interesting biocompatible material for Organ-on-a-Chip (OoC) devices monitoring growth, viability, and metabolism of...
Cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) has emerged as an interesting biocompatible material for Organ-on-a-Chip (OoC) devices monitoring growth, viability, and metabolism of cells. Despite ISO 10993 approval, systematic investigation of bacteria grown onto COC is a still not documented issue. This study discusses biofilm formations of the canonical wild type BB120 Vibrio campbellii strain on a native COC substrate and addresses the impact of the physico-chemical properties of COC compared to conventional hydroxyapatite (HA) and poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) surfaces. An interdisciplinary approach combining bacterial colony counting, light microscopy imaging and advanced digital image processing remarks interesting results. First, COC can reduce biomass adhesion with respect to common biopolymers, that is suitable for tuning biofilm formations in the biological and medical areas. Second, remarkably different biofilm morphology (dendritic complex patterns only in the case of COC) was observed among the examined substrates. Third, the observed biofilm morphogenesis was related to the interaction of COC with the conditioning layer of the planktonic biological medium. Fourth, Level Co-occurrence Matrix (CGLM)-based analysis enabled quantitative assessment of the biomass textural fractal development under different coverage conditions. All of this is of key practical relevance in searching innovative biocompatible materials for pharmaceutical, implantable and medical products.
Topics: Biocompatible Materials; Biofilms; Vibrio; Bacterial Adhesion; Cycloparaffins; Polymers; Durapatite; Biomass
PubMed: 38782326
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132550 -
Environmental Microbiology May 2024Vibrios, a group of bacteria that are among the most abundant in marine environments, include several species such as Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio parahaemolyticus, which...
Vibrios, a group of bacteria that are among the most abundant in marine environments, include several species such as Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio parahaemolyticus, which can be pathogenic to humans. Some species of Vibrio contain prophages within their genomes. These prophages can carry genes that code for toxins, such as the zonula occludens toxin (Zot), which contribute to bacterial virulence. Understanding the association between different Vibrio species, prophages and Zot genes can provide insights into their ecological interactions. In this study, we evaluated 4619 Vibrio genomes from 127 species to detect the presence of prophages carrying the Zot toxin. We found 2030 potential prophages with zot-like genes in 43 Vibrio species, showing a non-random association within a primarily modular interaction network. Some prophages, such as CTX or Vf33, were associated with specific species. In contrast, prophages phiVCY and VfO3K6 were found in 28 and 20 Vibrio species, respectively. We also identified six clusters of Zot-like sequences in prophages, with the ZOT2 cluster being the most frequent, present in 34 Vibrio species. This analysis helps to understand the distribution patterns of zot-containing prophages across Vibrio genomes and the potential routes of Zot-like toxin dissemination.
Topics: Prophages; Genome, Bacterial; Vibrio; Bacterial Toxins; Bacterial Proteins; Vibrio parahaemolyticus; Phylogeny; Endotoxins
PubMed: 38779707
DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16654 -
Journal of Agricultural and Food... Jun 2024Microbial nitrogen fixation presents a viable alternative to chemical fertilizers, yet the limited colonization and specificity of naturally occurring nitrogen-fixing...
Microbial nitrogen fixation presents a viable alternative to chemical fertilizers, yet the limited colonization and specificity of naturally occurring nitrogen-fixing microorganisms present significant challenges to their widespread application. In this study, we identified a nitrogen fixation gene cluster (VNnif) in (VN) and tested its nitrogenase activity through the acetylene reduction assay. We investigated the potential utilization of nitrogenase by incorporating the nitrogenase gene cluster from VN into plant growth-promoting rhizosphere bacteria CHA0 and enhancing its activity to 48.16 nmol CH/mg/h through promoter replacement and cluster rearrangement. The engineered strain CHA0-PVNnif was found to positively impact the growth of col-0 and L. (wheat). This study expanded the role of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and provided a research foundation for enhancing nitrogenase activity.
Topics: Nitrogenase; Nitrogen Fixation; Vibrio; Multigene Family; Bacterial Proteins; Triticum; Arabidopsis; Rhizosphere
PubMed: 38778776
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01232