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The Journal of Medical Investigation :... 2024Vibrio vulnificus (V. vulnificus) is a halophilic gram-negative bacterium that inhabits coastal warm water and induce severe diseases such as primary septicemia. To...
Vibrio vulnificus (V. vulnificus) is a halophilic gram-negative bacterium that inhabits coastal warm water and induce severe diseases such as primary septicemia. To investigate the mechanisms of rapid bacterial translocation on intestinal infection, we focused on outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), which are extracellular vesicles produced by Gram-negative bacteria and deliver virulence factors. However, there are very few studies on the pathogenicity or contents of V. vulnificus OMVs (Vv-OMVs). In this study, we investigated the effects of Vv-OMVs on host cells. Epithelial cells INT407 were stimulated with purified OMVs and morphological alterations and levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release were observed. In cells treated with OMVs, cell detachment without LDH release was observed, which exhibited different characteristics from cytotoxic cell detachment observed in V. vulnificus infection. Interestingly, OMVs from a Vibrio Vulnificus Hemolysin (VVH) and Multifunctional-autoprocessing repeats-in -toxin (MARTX) double-deletion mutant strain also caused cell detachment without LDH release. Our results suggested that the proteolytic function of a serine protease contained in Vv-OMVs may contribute to pathogenicity of V. vulnificus by assisting bacterial translocation. This study reveals a new pathogenic mechanism during V. vulnificus infections. J. Med. Invest. 71 : 102-112, February, 2024.
Topics: Vibrio vulnificus; Humans; Extracellular Vesicles; Hemolysin Proteins; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Bacterial Outer Membrane; Epithelial Cells
PubMed: 38735705
DOI: 10.2152/jmi.71.102 -
Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology 2024Non-O1/non-O139 Vibrio cholerae, a comparably poorly studied pathogen is culpable of sporadic but serious infections. We report a case of non O1 non O139 Vibrio cholerae... (Review)
Review
Non-O1/non-O139 Vibrio cholerae, a comparably poorly studied pathogen is culpable of sporadic but serious infections. We report a case of non O1 non O139 Vibrio cholerae septicemia in a middle aged male recently diagnosed with carcinoma pancreas. He underwent biliary tract interventional procedure for hematemesis three weeks before the presentation. Now, he presented with fever, abdominal pain, hematemesis and melena. Endoscopy revealed severe portal hypertensive gastropathy and mild hemobilia. Blood culture grew Vibrio cholerae, identified as non O1 non O139 by serogrouping. He recovered successfully with timely diagnosis, appropriate antibiotics and supportive measures.
Topics: Humans; Male; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Vibrio cholerae non-O1; Sepsis; Middle Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cholera; Vibrio Infections
PubMed: 38735644
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100611 -
Microbiological Research Aug 2024Vibrio parahaemolyticus is the leading bacterial cause of gastroenteritis associated with seafood consumption worldwide. Not all members of the species are thought to be...
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is the leading bacterial cause of gastroenteritis associated with seafood consumption worldwide. Not all members of the species are thought to be pathogenic, thus identification of virulent organisms is essential to protect public health and the seafood industry. Correlations of human disease and known genetic markers (e.g. thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH), TDH-related hemolysin (TRH)) appear complex. Some isolates recovered from patients lack these factors, while their presence has become increasingly noted in isolates recovered from the environment. Here, we used whole-genome sequencing in combination with mammalian and insect models of infection to assess the pathogenic potential of V. parahaemolyticus isolated from European Atlantic shellfish production areas. We found environmental V. parahaemolyticus isolates harboured multiple virulence-associated genes, including TDH and/or TRH. However, carriage of these factors did not necessarily reflect virulence in the mammalian intestine, as an isolate containing TDH and the genes coding for a type 3 secretion system (T3SS) 2α virulence determinant, appeared avirulent. Moreover, environmental V. parahaemolyticus lacking TDH or TRH could be assigned to groups causing low and high levels of mortality in insect larvae, with experiments using defined bacterial mutants showing that a functional T3SS1 contributed to larval death. When taken together, our findings highlight the genetic diversity of V. parahaemolyticus isolates found in the environment, their potential to cause disease and the need for a more systematic evaluation of virulence in diverse V. parahaemolyticus to allow better genetic markers.
Topics: Vibrio parahaemolyticus; Animals; Virulence; Europe; Hemolysin Proteins; Virulence Factors; Vibrio Infections; Bacterial Proteins; Bacterial Toxins; Humans; Whole Genome Sequencing; Phenotype; Shellfish; Larva; Type III Secretion Systems; Genome, Bacterial; Seafood
PubMed: 38735242
DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127744 -
Carbohydrate Research Jun 2024Chitooligosaccharides, the hydrolysis products of chitin, have superior biological activities and application value to those of chitin itself; however, the ordered and...
Chitooligosaccharides, the hydrolysis products of chitin, have superior biological activities and application value to those of chitin itself; however, the ordered and highly crystalline structure of chitin renders its degradation by chitinase difficult. Herein, the effects of plasma-activated water (PAW) pre-treatment on the physicochemical properties, crystal structure, and enzymatic hydrolysis of chitin were investigated. The hydrolysis of PAW-pre-treated chitin (PAW activation time of 5 min) using chitinase from Vibrio harveyi (VhChit2) yielded 71 % more reducing sugar, compared with that from untreated chitin, with the degree of chitin hydrolysis increasing from 13 % without pre-treatment to 23 % post-treatment. Moreover, the amount of VhChit2 adsorbed by chitin increased from 41.7 to 58.2 mg/g. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry revealed that PAW could break the β-1,4-glycosidic bonds of chitin (but had no effects on the hydrogen and amido bonds), thereby decreasing the molecular weight and crystallinity of the polysaccharide, which caused its structural damage and enhanced its enzymatic hydrolysis by chitinase. Consequently, PAW pre-treatment can be considered a simple, effective, and environmentally-friendly method for the biotransformation of chitin as its easier hydrolysis yields high-value products.
Topics: Chitinases; Chitin; Water; Hydrolysis; Molecular Weight; Vibrio
PubMed: 38733729
DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109144 -
International Journal of Biological... Jun 2024Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF reporter (VEGFR) are essential molecules in VEGF signalling pathway. Although the functions of VEGF and VEGFR have...
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF reporter (VEGFR) are essential molecules in VEGF signalling pathway. Although the functions of VEGF and VEGFR have been well reported in vertebrates, their functions are still poorly understood in invertebrates. In this study, the open reading frame sequences of EsVEGF1 and EsVEGFR4 were cloned from Eriocheir sinensis, and their corresponding proteins shared typical structure characteristics with their counterparts in other species. EsVEGF1 were predominantly expressed in hepatopancreas and muscle while EsVEGFR4 mainly expressed in hemocytes and intestine. The expression levels of EsVEGF1 in hemocytes were rapidly induced by Staphylococcus aureus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and it also increased rapidly in hepatopancreas after being challenged with V. parahaemolyticus. The expression levels of EsVEGFR4 only increased in hepatopancreas of crabs injected with S. aureus. The extracellular immunoglobulin domain of EsVEGFR4 could bind with Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria as well as lipopolysaccharide and peptidoglycan. EsVEGF1 could act as the ligand for EsVEGFR4 and Toll-like receptor and regulate the expression of crustins and lysozyme with a tissue-specific manner, while have no regulatory function on that of anti-lipopolysaccharide factors. This study will provide new insights into the immune defense mechanisms mediated by VEGF and VEGFR in crustaceans.
Topics: Animals; Brachyura; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor; Antimicrobial Peptides; Amino Acid Sequence; Staphylococcus aureus; Gene Expression Regulation; Vibrio parahaemolyticus; Phylogeny; Hepatopancreas; Hemocytes
PubMed: 38729487
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132242 -
International Journal of Systematic and... May 2024Two Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped bacteria, designated as strains KJ10-1 and KJ40-1, were isolated from marine brown algae. Both strains were catalase-positive,...
Two Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped bacteria, designated as strains KJ10-1 and KJ40-1, were isolated from marine brown algae. Both strains were catalase-positive, oxidase-positive, and facultative aerobic. Strain KJ10-1 exhibited optimal growth at 25 °C, pH 7.0, and 3 % NaCl, whereas strain KJ40-1 showed optimal growth at 25 °C, pH 7.0, and 2 % NaCl. The respiratory quinones of strain KJ10-1 were ubiquinone-8, ubiquinone-7, menaquinone-7, and methylated menaquinone-7, while the respiratory quinone of strain KJ40-1 was only ubiquinone-8. As major fatty acids, strain KJ10-1 contained C, C ω8, iso-C, and summed feature 3 (C 7 and/or C 6) and strain KJ40-1 contained C and summed features 3 and 8 (C 7 and/or C 6). The major polar lipids in strain KJ10-1 were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, and an unidentified aminolipid, whereas those in strain KJ40-1 were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, and diphosphatidylglycerol. The DNA G+C contents of strains KJ10-1 and KJ40-1 were 42.1 and 40.8 mol%, respectively. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, strains KJ10-1 and KJ40-1 exhibited the closest relatedness to MMS16-UL250 (98.6 %) and S-1 (95.4 %), respectively. Phylogenetic analyses, based on both 16S rRNA and 92 housekeeping genes, showed that the strains formed distinct phylogenic lineages within the genera and . Digital DNA-DNA hybridization and orthologous average nucleotide identity values between strain KJ10-1 and other species, as well as between strain KJ40-1 and other species, were below the thresholds commonly accepted for prokaryotic species delineation. Based on the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and phylogenetic data, strains KJ10-1 and KJ40-1 represent novel species of the genera and , respectively, for which the names sp. nov. and sp. nov. are proposed, respectively. The type strains of and are KJ10-1 (=KACC 22589=JCM 35409) and KJ40-1 (=KACC 22588=JCM 35410), respectively.
Topics: RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Base Composition; Phylogeny; Fatty Acids; DNA, Bacterial; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vibrio; Ubiquinone; Shewanella; Phaeophyceae; Vitamin K 2; Phospholipids; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Seawater
PubMed: 38728177
DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.006378 -
Biomedical and Environmental Sciences :... Apr 2024
Topics: Vibrio parahaemolyticus; Regulon; Bacterial Proteins; Type VI Secretion Systems; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Transcription, Genetic
PubMed: 38727168
DOI: 10.3967/bes2024.049 -
International Journal of Antimicrobial... Jul 2024This study intended to isolate a Vibrio-particular phage from the natural environment, analyse its characteristics and genome sequence, and investigate its reduction...
OBJECTIVE
This study intended to isolate a Vibrio-particular phage from the natural environment, analyse its characteristics and genome sequence, and investigate its reduction effect on V. parahaemolyticus biofilm as a biocontrol agent in squid and mackerel.
METHODS
Among 21 phages, phage CAU_VPP01, isolated from beach mud, was chosen for further experiments based on host range and EOP tests. When examining the reduction effect of phage CAU_VPP01 against Vibrio parahaemolyticus biofilms on surfaces (stainless steel [SS] and polyethylene terephthalate [PET]) and food surfaces (squid and mackerel).
RESULTS
The phage showed the most excellent reduction effect at a multiplicity-of-infection (MOI) 10. Three-dimensional images acquired with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) analysis were quantified using COMSTAT, which showed that biomass, average thickness, and roughness coefficient decreased when treated with the phage. Colour and texture analysis confirmed that the quality of squid and mackerel was maintained after the phage treatment. Finally, a comparison of gene expression levels determined by qRT-PCR analysis showed that the phage treatment induced a decrease in the gene expression of flaA, vp0962, andluxS, as examples.
CONCLUSION
This study indicated that Vibrio-specific phage CAU_VPP01 effectively controlled V. parahaemolyticus biofilms under various conditions and confirmed that the isolated phage could possibly be used as an effective biocontrol weapon in the seafood manufacturing industry.
Topics: Vibrio parahaemolyticus; Biofilms; Bacteriophages; Seafood; Animals; Decapodiformes; Perciformes; Food Contamination; Host Specificity; Biological Control Agents
PubMed: 38723695
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2024.107194 -
Cell Host & Microbe May 2024Bacterial genomes are littered with exogenous: competing DNA elements. Here, Sprenger et al. demonstrate that the Vibrio cholerae prophage VP882 modulates host...
Bacterial genomes are littered with exogenous: competing DNA elements. Here, Sprenger et al. demonstrate that the Vibrio cholerae prophage VP882 modulates host functions via production of regulatory sRNAs to promote phage development. Alternatively, host sRNAs inhibit the VP882 lytic phase by specifically regulating phage genes.
Topics: Vibrio cholerae; Prophages; RNA, Small Untranslated; Genome, Bacterial; Bacteriophages; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; RNA, Bacterial
PubMed: 38723602
DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2024.04.013 -
Journal of Hazardous Materials Jul 2024To quantify the possible impact of different wood protection techniques on the aquatic environment, we applied a tiered Integrated Testing Strategy (ITS) on leachates...
To quantify the possible impact of different wood protection techniques on the aquatic environment, we applied a tiered Integrated Testing Strategy (ITS) on leachates obtained from untreated (UTW) Norway spruce (Picea abies), specimens treated with a copper-ethanolamine-based preservative solution, complying with the Use Class 3 (UC3), and specimens thermally modified (TM). Different maturation times in water were tested to verify whether toxicant leaching is time-dependent. Tier I tests, addressing acute effects on Aliivibrio fischeri, Raphidocelis subcapitata, and Daphnia magna, evidenced that TM toxicity was comparable or even lower than in UTW. Conversely, UC3 significantly affected all species compared to UTW, also after 30 days of maturation in water, and was not considered an environmentally acceptable wood preservation solution. Tier II (effects on early-life stages of Lymnea auricularia) and III (chronic effects on D. magna and L. auricularia) performed on UTW and TM confirmed the latter as an environmentally acceptable treatment, with increasing maturation times resulting in decreased adverse effects. The ITS allowed for rapid and reliable identification of potentially harmful effects due to preservation treatments, addressed the choice for a less impacting solution, and can be effective for manufacturers in identifying more environmentally friendly solutions while developing their products.
Topics: Wood; Daphnia; Aliivibrio fischeri; Animals; Picea; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Copper; Ethanolamine; Chlorophyta
PubMed: 38723484
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134484