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Cancer Medicine Aug 2021Cancer is a leading cause of death which imposes a substantial financial burden. Among the several mechanisms involved in cancer progression, imbalance of immune... (Review)
Review
Cancer is a leading cause of death which imposes a substantial financial burden. Among the several mechanisms involved in cancer progression, imbalance of immune cell-derived factors such as cytokines and chemokines plays a central role. IL-25, as a member of the IL-17 cytokine subfamily, exerts a paradoxical role in cancer, including tumor supportive and tumor suppressive. Hence, we have tried to clarify the role of IL-25 and its receptor in tumor progression and cancer prognosis. It has been confirmed that IL-25 exerts a tumor-suppressive role through inducing infiltration of eosinophils and B cells into the tumor microenvironment and activating the apoptotic pathways. In contrast, the tumor-supportive function has been implemented by activating inflammatory cascades, promoting cell cycle, and inducing type-2 immune responses. Since IL-25 has been dysregulated in tumor tissues and this dysregulation is involved in cancer development, its examination can be used as a tumor diagnostic and prognostic biomarker. Moreover, IL-25-based therapeutic approaches have shown promising results in cancer inhibition. In cancers in which IL-25 has a tumor-suppressive function, employing IL-25-enhancing approaches, such as Virulizin and dihydrobenzofuran administration, has potentially inhibited tumor cell growth. On the other hand, in the case of IL-25-dependent tumor progression, using IL-25 blocking methods, including anti-IL-25 antibodies, might be a complementary approach to the other anticancer agent. Collectively, it is hoped, IL-25 might be a promising target in cancer treatment.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Apoptosis; Benzofurans; Bile; Biomarkers, Tumor; Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cell Cycle; Cell Proliferation; Disease Progression; Female; Humans; Immunity, Cellular; Interleukin-17; Liver Neoplasms; Male; Mice; Neoplasms; Prognosis; Prostatic Neoplasms; Receptors, Interleukin-17; Signal Transduction; Tissue Extracts; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 34128588
DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4060 -
Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi =... Dec 2014To evaluate the controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) assessment of fatty liver and choose a cut-off value of hepatic steatosis more than 5%.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) assessment of fatty liver and choose a cut-off value of hepatic steatosis more than 5%.
METHODS
Consecutive patients, 18 years or older, who had undergone percutaneous liver biopsy and CAP measurement were recruited from five liver healthcare centers in China. All enrollees were categorized as hepatic steatosis grade S0 (<5%) or S1 (5%). An M-probe equipped FibroScan 502 was used to capture CAP values. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted, and the areas under (AU) the curves were calculated to determine the diagnostic efficacy. The CAP cut-off values at the optimal thresholds were defined by maximum Youden indices; sensitivity and specificity were also calculated.
RESULTS
A total of 332 patients were enrolled in the study, including 67 patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and 265 with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) viru: infection. The median age (inter quartile range, IQR) of the study cohort was 39.0 (32.0-50.5) years-old. There were 46 males (68.7%) in the NAFLD group, with a median age of 37.0 (28.0-45.0) years-old, and 182 males (68.7%) in the CHB group; the differences between the two groups in median age and male: female ratio did not reach statistical significance. Multivariate linear regression analysis identified steatosis grade and body mass index (BMI) as independently associated with CAP. The median (IQR) CAP values among patients with S0 and S1 grade steatosis were 215.0 (190.0-241.0) dB/m and 294.0 (255.0-325.5) dB/m (P<0.001), respectively. For all patients, when BMI was <25 kg/m2, the ability of the AUROC of the CAP to discriminate hepatic steatosis more than or equal to 5% was 0.853, and the optimal cut-off value was 244.5 dB/m; however, when BMI≥25 kg/m2, the AUROC was 0.835 and the optimal cut-off value 269.5 dB/m.
CONCLUSION
CAP can identify hepatic steatosis more than or equal to 5% and is applicable for the diagnosis of fatty liver if it is adjusted for BMI.
Topics: Adult; Area Under Curve; Bile; Biopsy; Body Mass Index; China; Fatty Liver; Female; Hepatitis B, Chronic; Humans; Linear Models; Male; Middle Aged; Multivariate Analysis; ROC Curve; Tissue Extracts
PubMed: 25654287
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1007-3418.2014.12.010