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Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual... Jun 2024The purpose of this study was to develop and validate prediction model for myopic macular degeneration (MMD) progression in patients with high myopia.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to develop and validate prediction model for myopic macular degeneration (MMD) progression in patients with high myopia.
METHODS
The Zhongshan High Myopia Cohort for model development included 660 patients aged 7 to 70 years with a bilateral sphere of ≤-6.00 diopters (D). Two hundred twelve participants with an axial length (AL) ≥25.5 mm from the Chinese Ocular Imaging Project were used for external validation. Thirty-four clinical variables, including demographics, lifestyle, myopia history, and swept source optical coherence tomography data, were analyzed. Sequential forward selection was used for predictor selection, and binary classification models were created using five machine learning algorithms to forecast the risk of MMD progression over 10 years.
RESULTS
Over a median follow-up of 10.9 years, 133 patients (20.2%) showed MMD progression in the development cohort. Among them, 69 (51.9%) developed newly-onset MMD, 11 (8.3%) developed patchy atrophy from diffuse atrophy, 54 (40.6%) showed an enlargement of lesions, and 9 (6.8%) developed plus signs. Top six predictors for MMD progression included thinner subfoveal choroidal thickness, longer AL, worse best-corrected visual acuity, older age, female gender, and shallower anterior chamber depth. The eXtreme Gradient Boosting algorithm yielded the best discriminative performance (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUROC] = 0.87 ± 0.02) with good calibration in the training cohort. In a less myopic external validation group (median -5.38 D), 48 patients (22.6%) developed MMD progression over 4 years, with the model's AUROC validated at 0.80 ± 0.008.
CONCLUSIONS
Machine learning model effectively predicts MMD progression a decade ahead using clinical and imaging indicators. This tool shows promise for identifying "at-risk" high myopes for timely intervention and vision protection.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Adult; Machine Learning; Tomography, Optical Coherence; Aged; Disease Progression; Algorithms; Adolescent; Child; Young Adult; Macular Degeneration; Myopia, Degenerative; Follow-Up Studies; Risk Factors; Forecasting; Risk Assessment; Visual Acuity
PubMed: 38935031
DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.6.40 -
Indian Journal of Dental Research :... Jan 2024Dental radiography is an integral part of intraoral evaluation. Children are often uncomfortable during the placement of film or sensor due to the impingement of the...
BACKGROUND
Dental radiography is an integral part of intraoral evaluation. Children are often uncomfortable during the placement of film or sensor due to the impingement of the soft tissues. Thus, the perception of pain with three intraoral radiographic methods in children was evaluated using three subjective pain rating scales.
AIM
To evaluate the discomfort with three different techniques, that is, intraoral periapical (IOPA) radiograph, charge-coupled device (CCD), and photostimulable phosphor (PSP) luminescence (PSPL), using the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale (WBFPRS), numerical rating scale, and visual analog scale (VAS).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A sample of 35 children aged 6-12 years were divided into two groups: group 1 (6-8 years) and group 2 (9-12 years). For each child, simulations of the three radiological methods (IOPA, CCD, and PSPL) were performed. The meaning of each facial expression on the WBFPRS, VAS, and the numbers on the numerical rating scale was explained to each child before the procedure.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED
A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and paired-samples t-test are used.
RESULTS
The results revealed that the CCD sensors elicited higher pain scores than those obtained with IOPA and PSPL, whereas the IOPA film showed the least pain score. Higher score values were obtained in group 1 than in group 2, indicating that children aged 6-8 years felt higher discomfort than the 9- to 12-year age group for the same procedure. This difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
It was concluded that conventional IOPA films were tolerated better by children when compared to PSP plates and CCD sensors.
Topics: Humans; Child; Pain Measurement; Male; Female; Radiography, Dental, Digital; Pain Perception; Radiography, Dental
PubMed: 38934750
DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_78_23 -
Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach,... Jun 2024Sense digitalization, the process of transforming sensory experiences into digital data, is an emerging research frontier that links the physical world with human... (Review)
Review
Sense digitalization, the process of transforming sensory experiences into digital data, is an emerging research frontier that links the physical world with human perception and interaction. This field is largely inspired by the adaptability, fault tolerance, robustness, and energy efficiency inherent in biological senses, driving the development of numerous innovative digitalization techniques. Among these techniques, neuromorphic bioelectronics, characterized by biomimetic adaptability, stand out for their seamless bidirectional interactions with biological entities through stimulus-response and feedback loops, incorporating bio-neuromorphic intelligence for information exchange. This review illustrates recent progress in sensory digitalization, encompassing not only the digital representation of physical sensations such as touch, light, and temperature, correlating to tactile, visual, and thermal perceptions, but also the detection of biochemical stimuli such as gases, ions, and neurotransmitters, mirroring olfactory, gustatory, and neural processes. It thoroughly examines the material design, device manufacturing, and system integration, offering detailed insights. However, the field faces significant challenges, including the development of new device/system paradigms, forging genuine connections with biological systems, ensuring compatibility with the semiconductor industry, and overcoming the absence of standardization. Looking ahead, the ambition is to realize biocompatible neural prosthetics, exoskeletons, soft humanoid robots, and cybernetic devices that integrate smoothly with both biological tissues and artificial components, bridging the gap between organic and synthetic realms. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
PubMed: 38934554
DOI: 10.1002/adma.202403444 -
The Behavioral and Brain Sciences Jun 2024Some core knowledge may be rooted in - or even - well-characterized mechanisms of mid-level visual perception and attention. In the decades since it was first proposed,...
Some core knowledge may be rooted in - or even - well-characterized mechanisms of mid-level visual perception and attention. In the decades since it was first proposed, this possibility has inspired (and has been supported by) several discoveries in both infant cognition and adult perception, but it also faces several challenges. To what degree does reflect how babies and ?
Topics: Humans; Visual Perception; Attention; Infant; Cognition; Child Development; Knowledge
PubMed: 38934457
DOI: 10.1017/S0140525X23003023 -
The Behavioral and Brain Sciences Jun 2024Why have core knowledge? Standard answers typically emphasize the difficulty of learning core knowledge from experience, or the benefits it confers for learning about...
Why have core knowledge? Standard answers typically emphasize the difficulty of learning core knowledge from experience, or the benefits it confers for learning about the world. Here, we suggest a complementary reason: Core knowledge is critical for learning not just about the external world, but about the mind itself.
Topics: Humans; Illusions; Learning; Knowledge; Visual Perception
PubMed: 38934449
DOI: 10.1017/S0140525X23003205 -
Indian Journal of Community Medicine :... 2024Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are one of the major causes of morbidity, which affect particularly the upper quadrant in industrial settings and so upset the quality...
BACKGROUND
Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are one of the major causes of morbidity, which affect particularly the upper quadrant in industrial settings and so upset the quality of life (QoL). The influence of the protocol of exercise-based programs at the workplace on the well-being of the worker is contradictory. The objective of the study was to find the effect of the structured exercise-based intervention on upper quadrant dysfunction among fish processing workers with work-related MSDs.
METHODS
The intervention group (n = 91) participated in an individually tailored structured exercise-based intervention (SEBI) program for three months, which consisted of stretching, strengthening, and active exercises. The control group (n = 93) was instructed to continue routine daily activities. The outcome measures of the cluster-randomized controlled trial were Neck Disability Index (NDI), Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH), Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and Short Form-36, used to evaluate at baseline, eighth, and twelfth week. The data were analyzed by repeated analysis of variance and Student's t-tests.
RESULTS
The results for the overall perception of upper quadrant dysfunction showed statistically significant differences ( < 0.0001) for NDI, DASH, and VAS. Further, we obtained a significant difference in QoL between the intervention and control groups for physical and psychological health sub-domains.
CONCLUSION
SEBI effectively enhanced the general health of fish processing workers by showing improvements in the measures of NDI, DASH, VAS, and QoL. Hence, SEBI can be recommended in the fish processing industries to achieve potential impact on upper quadrant dysfunction and improve the QoL.
PubMed: 38933785
DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_59_23 -
American Journal of Ophthalmology Case... Sep 2024To present a case involving a rarely seen prototype posterior chamber phakic IOL (PC-pIOL) in a highly myopic patient with bilateral cataract.
PURPOSE
To present a case involving a rarely seen prototype posterior chamber phakic IOL (PC-pIOL) in a highly myopic patient with bilateral cataract.
OBSERVATIONS
A 64-year-old male presented to our clinic with poor vision in both eyes. Clinical examination revealed bilateral mature cataract, phacodonesis as well as a PC-pIOL implanted 35 years ago to address his high myopia. The visual acuity (VA) was 20/200 in the right eye and no light perception in the left eye. PC-pIOL extraction as well as 23G pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and fragmentation surgery was scheduled for the right eye. The left eye was treated conservatively. Successful extraction of the PC-pIOL was performed while it was easy to remove. It was a bow-tie shaped lens with a collar-stud-like button in the middle which extended anteriorly into the anterior chamber through the pupil. PPV with lens fragmentation was successful and the patient was left aphakic in order to avoid the placement of a zero diopter IOL. Final best corrected VA was 20/25 one month post-surgery.
CONCLUSIONS AND IMPORTANCE
Removal of this rarely seen pIOL was performed without difficulty while excellent VA was achieved. Aphakia following complete vitrectomy represented a viable option in this case. Furthermore, we highlight the clinical manifestations associated with this IOL more than three decades after implantation.
PubMed: 38933452
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoc.2024.102086 -
Policy Insights From the Behavioral and... Mar 2024Sensory systems continuously recalibrate their responses according to the current stimulus environment. As a result, perception is strongly affected by the current and...
Sensory systems continuously recalibrate their responses according to the current stimulus environment. As a result, perception is strongly affected by the current and recent context. These adaptative changes affect both sensitivity (e.g., habituating to noise, seeing better in the dark) and appearance (e.g. how things look, what catches attention) and adjust to many perceptual properties (e.g. from light level to the characteristics of someone's face). They therefore have a profound effect on most perceptual experiences, and on how and how well the senses work in different settings. Characterizing the properties of adaptation, how it manifests, and when it influences perception in modern environments can provide . Adaptation could also be (e.g. in visual inspection tasks like radiology) and to (e.g. exposure to potentially unhealthy stimulus environments).
PubMed: 38933347
DOI: 10.1177/23727322231220494 -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024Color reintegration is a restoration treatment that involves applying paint or colored plaster to an object of cultural heritage to facilitate its perception and...
Color reintegration is a restoration treatment that involves applying paint or colored plaster to an object of cultural heritage to facilitate its perception and understanding. This study examines the impact of lighting on the visual appearance of one such restored piece: a tiled skirting panel from the Nasrid period (1238-1492), permanently on display at the Museum of the Alhambra (Spain). Spectral images in the range of 380-1080 nm were obtained using a hyperspectral image scanner. CIELAB and CIEDE2000 color coordinates at each pixel were computed assuming the CIE 1931 standard colorimetric observer and considering ten relevant illuminants proposed by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE): D65 plus nine white LEDs. Four main hues (blue, green, yellow, and black) can be distinguished in the original and reintegrated areas. For each hue, mean color difference from the mean (MCDM), CIEDE2000 average distances, volumes, and overlapping volumes were computed in the CIELAB space by comparing the original and the reintegrated zones. The study reveals noticeable average color differences between the original and reintegrated areas within tiles: 6.0 and 4.7 CIEDE2000 units for the yellow and blue tiles (with MCDM values of 3.7 and 4.5 and 5.8 and 7.2, respectively), and 16.6 and 17.8 CIEDE2000 units for the black and green tiles (with MCDM values of 13.2 and 12.2 and 10.9 and 11.3, respectively). The overlapping volume of CIELAB clouds of points corresponding to the original and reintegrated areas ranges from 35% to 50%, indicating that these areas would be perceived as different by observers with normal color vision for all four tiles. However, average color differences between the original and reintegrated areas changed with the tested illuminants by less than 2.6 CIEDE2000 units. Our current methodology provides useful quantitative results for evaluation of the color appearance of a reintegrated area under different light sources, helping curators and museum professionals to choose optimal lighting.
PubMed: 38931656
DOI: 10.3390/s24123872 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Jun 2024Hydrotherapy, including the use of therapeutic showers and bathtubs, has been studied for its potential benefits in labor pain management. Previous research has...
Hydrotherapy, including the use of therapeutic showers and bathtubs, has been studied for its potential benefits in labor pain management. Previous research has indicated that hydrotherapy can alleviate pain, but comparative studies between therapeutic showers and bathtubs are scarce. : This study aims to compare the effects of therapeutic showers and bathtubs on pain perception, labor duration, use of epidural analgesia, and maternal and neonatal outcomes during labor. : A total of 124 pregnant women were included in this study. Participants were divided into two groups: those who used a therapeutic shower and those who used a bathtub during labor. Pain levels were measured using a visual analog scale (VAS). Labor duration, use of epidural analgesia, types of delivery, maternal outcomes (postpartum hemorrhage, perineal status, maternal hypotension, fever, and breastfeeding), and neonatal outcomes (APGAR scores, fetal heart rate, complications, and neonatal unit admissions) were recorded and analyzed. : Both the therapeutic shower and the bathtub effectively reduced pain perception, with the bathtub showing a greater reduction in VAS scores. The therapeutic shower group experienced a significantly shorter labor duration compared to the bathtub group. The majority of participants in both groups did not require epidural analgesia, with no significant differences between the groups. There were no significant differences in the types of delivery. Maternal outcomes indicated a lower incidence of perineal tears and episiotomies in the therapeutic shower group. Neonatal outcomes, including APGAR scores and fetal heart rate, were similar between the groups, with no significant differences in complications or neonatal unit admissions. : Both therapeutic showers and bathtubs are effective for pain relief during labor, with the bathtub showing a higher reduction in pain intensity. The therapeutic shower is associated with a shorter labor duration and a lower incidence of perineal tears and episiotomies. Both methods are safe for neonatal well-being, making hydrotherapy a viable non-pharmacological option for pain management in labor. However, the therapeutic shower may offer additional benefits in terms of labor duration and maternal outcomes.
PubMed: 38930046
DOI: 10.3390/jcm13123517