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International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2023The study aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the evidence for the prevention of future cancers following bariatric surgery. A systematic... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The study aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the evidence for the prevention of future cancers following bariatric surgery. A systematic literature search of the Cochrane Library, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science and PubMed databases (2007-2023), Google Scholar and grey literature was conducted. A meta-analysis was performed using the inverse variance method and random effects model. Thirty-two studies involving patients with obesity who received bariatric surgery and control patients who were managed with conventional treatment were included. The meta-analysis suggested bariatric surgery was associated with a reduced overall incidence of cancer (RR 0.62, 95% CI 0.46-0.84, < 0.002), obesity-related cancer (RR 0.59, 95% CI 0.39-0.90, = 0.01) and cancer-associated mortality (RR 0.51, 95% CI 0.42-0.62, < 0.00001). In specific cancers, bariatric surgery was associated with reduction in the future incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (RR 0.35, 95% CI 0.22-0.55, < 0.00001), colorectal cancer (RR 0.63, CI 0.50-0.81, = 0.0002), pancreatic cancer (RR 0.52, 95% CI 0.29-0.93, = 0.03) and gallbladder cancer (RR 0.41, 95% CI 0.18-0.96, = 0.04), as well as female specific cancers, including breast cancer (RR 0.56, 95% CI 0.44-0.71, < 0.00001), endometrial cancer (RR 0.38, 95% CI 0.26-0.55, < 0.00001) and ovarian cancer (RR 0.45, 95% CI 0.31-0.64, < 0.0001). There was no significant reduction in the incidence of oesophageal, gastric, thyroid, kidney, prostate cancer or multiple myeloma after bariatric surgery as compared to patients with morbid obesity who did not have bariatric surgery. Obesity-associated carcinogenesis is closely related to metabolic syndrome; visceral adipose dysfunction; aromatase activity and detrimental cytokine, adipokine and exosomal miRNA release. Bariatric surgery results in long-term weight loss in morbidly obese patients and improves metabolic syndrome. Bariatric surgery may decrease future overall cancer incidence and mortality, including the incidence of seven obesity-related cancers.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; Obesity, Morbid; Metabolic Syndrome; Bariatric Surgery; Risk; Incidence; Neoplasms
PubMed: 37047163
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076192 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2023Leptin (LEP) acts as a proinflammatory cytokine and may play an important role in the pathophysiology of cystic fibrosis (CF). This review aimed to assess the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Leptin (LEP) acts as a proinflammatory cytokine and may play an important role in the pathophysiology of cystic fibrosis (CF). This review aimed to assess the quantitative difference in leptin status between CF patients and non-CF controls.
METHODS
In this study, the researchers conducted systematic searches of various databases, such as PubMed, Excerpta Medica Database, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure. The data collected from the above databases were assessed using the Stata 11.0 and R 4.1.3 software. The correlation coefficients and the Standardized Mean Differences (SMD) were employed to assess the effect size. A combination analysis was also carried out with the help of either a fixed-effects or random-effects model. In addition, the single-cell sequencing GSE193782 dataset was obtained to determine the mRNA expression levels of LEP and leptin receptor (LEPR) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, to verify the different leptin expression between the CF patients and healthy controls.
RESULTS
A total of 919 CF patients and 397 controls from 14 articles were included in this study. CF patients and non-CF controls showed similar serum/plasma leptin levels. Gender, specimen testing, age, and study design were all taken into account for carrying out subgroup analyses. The results revealed no variations in serum/plasma leptin levels between the controls and CF patients in the various subgroups. Female CF patients exhibited higher leptin concentrations compared to male CF patients, and male healthy individuals showed lower leptin levels than female healthy participants. Aside from the fact that serum/plasma leptin appeared to be favorably linked to fat mass and BMI, the findings in this study also indicated that serum/plasma concentrations were not associated with Forced Expiratory Volume in the first second (FEV1). No statistically significant differences were observed in the leptin and leptin receptor mRNA expression levels between the healthy controls and CF patients. The leptin receptor and leptin expression levels in alveolar lavage fluid were low in various cells, without any distinctive distribution patterns.
CONCLUSIONS
The current meta-analysis indicated the absence of significant differences in leptin levels between CF patients and healthy individuals. Gender, fat mass, and BMI may all be correlated with leptin concentrations.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42022380118.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Leptin; Cystic Fibrosis; Receptors, Leptin; RNA, Messenger; China
PubMed: 36992806
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1126129 -
Gynecological Endocrinology : the... Dec 2023Over the last decade, an emerging role of novel cytokines in the pathogenesis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been proposed. The present study was... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Over the last decade, an emerging role of novel cytokines in the pathogenesis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been proposed. The present study was implemented to provide a more accurate estimate of the effect size of the association between leptin, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and the risk of GDM. Online databases were looked up to January 2023 using the search string: (leptin OR TNF-α OR IL-6) AND "gestational diabetes." Observational studies investigating the association of selected cytokines and GDM risk were included. Odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were extracted and random-effects models were used to estimate the pooled effect. Twenty-four studies were included in the meta-analysis. A significant association was found between higher circulating leptin and the risk of GDM and the pooled estimate was 1.16 (95%CI: 1.07, 1.27). Higher circulating levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were associated with increased risk of GDM, and the pooled estimates were 1.35 (95%CI: 1.05, 1.73) and 1.28 (95%CI: 1.01, 1.62), respectively. The studied cytokines could be implicated in the GDM pathogenesis and used as potential biomarkers for assessing the GDM risk. Additional longitudinal studies with large sample sizes are needed for a further evaluation of these findings.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Diabetes, Gestational; Leptin; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Interleukin-6; Cytokines
PubMed: 36944372
DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2023.2183049 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023Many studies have investigated the effect of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation on inflammatory cytokines and adipokines. However, the results of these... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
The effects of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation on inflammatory cytokines and adipokines in adults: A GRADE-assessed systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Many studies have investigated the effect of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation on inflammatory cytokines and adipokines. However, the results of these studies are not consistent. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis were designed to comprehensively evaluate the effect of CLA supplementation on inflammatory cytokines and adipokines.
METHODS
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the effects of CLA supplementation on C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), adiponectin, and leptin, published up to March 2022, were identified through PubMed, SCOPUS, and ISI Web of Science databases. A random-effects model was used to calculate weighted mean differences (WMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for 42 studies that included 1,109 participants.
RESULTS
Findings from 42 studies with 58 arms indicated that CLA supplementation significantly decreased IL-6 and TNF-α levels and also slightly increased CRP levels. However, adiponectin and leptin levels did not change after CLA supplementation. A subgroup analysis found that CLA supplementation reduced adiponectin and leptin in women.
CONCLUSION
Our results demonstrated that CLA supplementation increased CRP levels and decreased TNF-α and IL-6 levels. Therefore, it seems that CLA can have both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory roles.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier (CRD42022331110).
Topics: Female; Humans; Adult; Cytokines; Adipokines; Leptin; Interleukin-6; Linoleic Acids, Conjugated; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Adiponectin; Dietary Supplements
PubMed: 36911696
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1092077 -
Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2023(1) Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCD) are an important concern for public health because of their high rates of morbidity and mortality. A prevalent... (Review)
Review
(1) Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCD) are an important concern for public health because of their high rates of morbidity and mortality. A prevalent lifestyle-linked NCD is type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Recently, molecular biomarkers secreted by adipocytes, called adipokines, have been linked with T2D and muscle function disturbances. However, the effects of resistance training (RT) interventions on adipokine levels in patients with T2D have not been systematically studied. (2) Methods: The PRISMA guidelines were followed. Searches for the studies were performed in the PubMed/MEDLINE and Web of Science electronic databases. Eligibility criteria included: (i) participants with T2D; (ii) RT interventions; (iii) randomized controlled trials; and (iv) measurement of serum adipokines. The PEDro scale was used to assess the methodological quality of the selected studies. Significant differences ( ≤ 0.05) and effect size were screened for each variable. (3) Results: Of the initial 2166 records, database search extraction yielded 14 studies to be included. The methodological quality of the included data was high (median PEDro score of 6.5). Analyzed adipokines in the included studies were leptin, adiponectin, visfatin, apelin, resistin, retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), vaspin, chemerin, and omentin. RT interventions (6-52 weeks; minimal effective duration >12 weeks) exert a meaningful effect on serum adipokine, (e.g., leptin) levels in T2D patients. (4) Conclusions: RT may be an alternative, but not an optimal, option in adipokine disruptions in T2D. Combined (i.e., aerobic and RT) long-term training may be considered the optimal intervention for treating adipokine level disturbances.
PubMed: 36833129
DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11040594 -
Psychopathology 2023The aim of this work was to summarize relationships between two subtypes of major depressive disorder (melancholic and atypical) and four core features of depression...
INTRODUCTION
The aim of this work was to summarize relationships between two subtypes of major depressive disorder (melancholic and atypical) and four core features of depression that reflect the domains identified consistently in previous studies of major depressive disorder endophenotypes (exaggerated reactivity to negative information, altered reward processing, cognitive control deficits, and somatic symptoms) on the one hand and selected peripheral inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein [CRP], cytokines, and adipokines) on the other.
METHODS
A systematized review was conducted. The database used for searching articles was PubMed (MEDLINE).
RESULTS
According to our search, most peripheral immunological markers associated with major depressive disorder are not specific to a single depressive symptom group. The most evident examples are CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α. The strongest evidence supports the connection of peripheral inflammatory markers with somatic symptoms; weaker evidence indicates a role of immune changes in altered reward processing. The least amount of evidence was found for the role of peripheral inflammatory markers in exaggerated reactivity to negative information and cognitive control deficits. Regarding the depression subtypes, a tendency for higher CRP and adipokines was observed in atypical depression; increased IL-6 was found in melancholic depression.
CONCLUSION
Somatic symptoms of depression could be a manifestation of a specific immunological endophenotype of depressive disorder. Melancholic and atypical depression may be characterized by different profiles of immunological markers.
Topics: Humans; Depression; Depressive Disorder, Major; Interleukin-6; Medically Unexplained Symptoms; C-Reactive Protein; Adipokines
PubMed: 36812905
DOI: 10.1159/000528907 -
Advances in Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) Jan 2023The effects of exercise training (Ex), dietary interventions (DIs), and a combination of Ex and DI (Ex + DI) on leptin and adiponectin have been established. However,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The impact of exercise and dietary interventions on circulating leptin and adiponectin in individuals who are overweight and those with obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
The effects of exercise training (Ex), dietary interventions (DIs), and a combination of Ex and DI (Ex + DI) on leptin and adiponectin have been established. However, less is known regarding the comparisons of Ex with DI and of Ex + DI with either Ex or DI alone. The aim of the present meta-analysis is to compare the effects of Ex with those of DI and those of Ex + DI with those of either Ex or DI alone on circulating leptin and adiponectin in individuals who are overweight and those with obesity. PubMed, Web of Science, and MEDLINE were searched to identify original articles, published through June 2022, that compared the effects of Ex with those of DI and/or the effects of Ex + DI with those of Ex and/or DI on leptin and adiponectin in individuals with BMIs (in kg/m) of ≥25 and aged 7-70 y. Standardized mean differences (SMDs), weighted mean differences, and 95% CIs were calculated using random-effect models for outcomes. Forty-seven studies, comprising 3872 participants who were overweight and those with obesity, were included in the current meta-analysis. DI reduced the concentration of leptin (SMD: -0.30; P = 0.001) and increased the concentration of adiponectin (SMD: 0.23; P = 0.001) compared with Ex, as did Ex + DI (leptin: SMD: -0.34; P = 0.001; adiponectin: SMD: 0.37; P = 0.004) compared with Ex alone. However, Ex + DI did not affect the concentration of adiponectin (SMD: 0.10; P = 0.11) and led to inconsistent and nonsignificant changes in the concentration of leptin (SMD: -0.13; P = 0.06) compared with DI alone. Subgroup analyses showed that age, BMI, duration of intervention, type of supervision, quality of the study, and magnitude of energy restriction are sources of heterogeneity. Our results suggest that Ex alone was not as effective as DI or Ex + DI for decreasing leptin and increasing adiponectin in individuals with overweight and obesity. However, Ex + DI was not more effective than DI alone, suggesting that diet plays a critical role in beneficially altering the concentrations of leptin and adiponectin. This review was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42021283532.
Topics: Humans; Leptin; Overweight; Adiponectin; Obesity; Exercise
PubMed: 36811585
DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2022.10.001 -
Advances in Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) May 2023Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a spectrum of disease from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, with inflammatory cytokines and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Effect of Dietary Intervention, with or without Cointerventions, on Inflammatory Markers in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a spectrum of disease from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, with inflammatory cytokines and adipokines identified as drivers of disease progression. Poor dietary patterns are known to promote an inflammatory milieu, although the effects of specific diets remain largely unknown. This review aimed to gather and summarize new and existing evidence on the effect of dietary intervention on inflammatory markers in patients with NAFLD. The electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Cochrane were searched for clinical trials which investigated outcomes of inflammatory cytokines and adipokines. Eligible studies included adults >18 y with NAFLD, which compared a dietary intervention with an alternative diet or control (no intervention) group or were accompanied by supplementation or other lifestyle interventions. Outcomes for inflammatory markers were grouped and pooled for meta-analysis where heterogeneity was allowed. Methodological quality and risk of bias were assessed using the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Criteria. Overall, 44 studies with a total of 2579 participants were included. Meta-analyses indicated intervention with an isocaloric diet plus supplement was more effective in reducing C-reactive protein (CRP) [standard mean difference (SMD): 0.44; 95% CI: 0.20, 0.68; P = 0.0003] and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) (SMD: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.02, 1.46; P = 0.03) than an isocaloric diet alone. No significant weighting was shown between a hypocaloric diet with or without supplementation for CRP (SMD: 0.30; 95% CI: -0.84, 1.44; P = 0.60) and TNF-α (SMD: 0.01; 95% CI: -0.43, 0.45; P = 0.97). In conclusion, hypocaloric and energy-restricted diets alone or with supplementation, and isocaloric diets with supplementation were shown to be most effective in improving the inflammatory profile of patients with NAFLD. To better determine the effectiveness of dietary intervention alone on a NAFLD population, further investigations of longer durations, with larger sample sizes are required.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Diet, Reducing; Obesity; C-Reactive Protein; Adipokines
PubMed: 36796436
DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.01.001 -
Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism May 2023Adipose tissue is the source of a broad array of signalling molecules (adipokines), which mediate interorgan communication and regulate metabolic homeostasis.... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Adipose tissue is the source of a broad array of signalling molecules (adipokines), which mediate interorgan communication and regulate metabolic homeostasis. Alterations in adipokine levels have been causally implicated in various metabolic disorders, including changes in bone mass. Osteoporosis is the commonest progressive metabolic bone disease, characterized by elevated risk of fragility fractures as a result of a reduced bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration. The effects of different adipokines on bone mass have been studied in an attempt to identify novel modulators of bone mass or diagnostic biomarkers of osteoporosis.
METHODS
In this review, we sought to aggregate and assess evidence from independent studies that quantify specific adipokines and their effect on bone mineral density (BMD).
RESULTS
A literature search identified 57 articles that explored associations between different adipokines and BMD. Adiponectin and leptin were the most frequently studied adipokines, with most studies demonstrating that adiponectin levels are associated with decreased BMD at the lumbar spine and femoral neck. Conversely, leptin levels are associated with increased BMD at these sites. However, extensive heterogeneity with regards to sample size, characteristics of study subjects, ethnicity, as well as direction and magnitude of effect at specific skeletal anatomical sites was identified. The broad degree of conflicting findings reported in this study can be attributed several factors. These include differences in study design and ascertainment criteria, the analytic challenges of quantifying specific adipokines and their isoforms, pre-analytical variables (in particular patient preparation) and confounding effects of co-existing disease.
CONCLUSIONS
This review highlights the biological relevance of adipokines in bone metabolism and reinforces the need for longitudinal research to elucidate the causal relationship of adipokines on bone mass.
Topics: Humans; Adipokines; Bone Density; Leptin; Adiponectin; Osteoporosis
PubMed: 36759562
DOI: 10.1002/edm2.408 -
The International Journal of Angiology... Mar 2023Moderate intensity exercise is considered as a primary step to prevent coronary artery diseases (CADs) by stimulated FSTL-1 secretion as a novel myokines to improve... (Review)
Review
Moderate intensity exercise is considered as a primary step to prevent coronary artery diseases (CADs) by stimulated FSTL-1 secretion as a novel myokines to improve endothelial cell function, prevent arterial stiffness, or vascular inflammation. This review aims to provide the current evident role of FSTL-1 as a novel myokine secreted during exercise to prevent atherosclerosis progression. A systematic review using databases from (PubMed), ScienceDirect, and The Cochrane Library, was conducted up to October 2021 to identify all the eligible experimental and observational studies that assess how moderate intensity exercises stimulate FSTL-1 secretion to prevent atherosclerosis. Results were described through narrative synthesis of the evidence. From 84 retrieved references, 15 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. The overall results suggest that exercise or physical activity can stimulate myokines secretion, especially in FSTL-1. FSTL-1 is a myokine or adipokine that plays a potential role in preventing atherosclerosis by various mechanisms such as via improvement of endothelial functions, suppression of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) proliferation, and reduction of arterial thickening. FSTL-1 is a relatively new and less known myokine, but probably holds a key role in assessing how moderate intensity aerobic exercise prevents atherosclerosis progression by preventing endothelial dysfunction, arterial stiffness, or vascular inflammation.
PubMed: 36727145
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1750184