-
BMJ Open Aug 2023The purpose of this research was to determine the prevalence of diabetes and pre-diabetes in Sri Lanka. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this research was to determine the prevalence of diabetes and pre-diabetes in Sri Lanka.
DESIGN
Systematic review and meta-analysis.
DATA SOURCES
MEDLINE (via PubMed), Web of Science, Sri Lankan Journals online and Google Scholar were searched for relevant articles published between January 1990 and June 2022 investigating the prevalence of pre-diabetes and diabetes in Sri Lanka.
METHODS
Random effect meta-analyses were conducted to derive the pooled prevalence of pre-diabetes and diabetes and their 95% CIs. Heterogeneity was explored by subgroup and meta-regression analyses. Sensitivity analyses were used to evaluate the impact of any single study on the pooled estimates. Two authors screened articles, extracted data and evaluated the quality of selected studies.
RESULTS
A total of 479 articles were reviewed, and 15 studies (n=30 137 participants) were selected in the final analysis. The overall pooled prevalence of diabetes was 12.07% (95% CI, 8.71% to 15.89%; prediction interval: 1.28-31.35). The pooled pre-diabetes prevalence was 15.57% (95% CI, 9.45% to 22.88%; prediction interval: 0.02-49.87). The pooled type 2 diabetes prevalence was the highest in the latest period of 2011-2021 (17.25%) than in the period of 2000s (11.84%) and 1990s (5.62%).
CONCLUSIONS
The growing trend of diabetes and pre-diabetes over the last 30 years is alarming in Sri Lanka. The government of Sri Lanka needs to take steps to improve diabetes education, screening, diagnosis and treatment.
PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER
CRD42021288591.
Topics: Humans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Prediabetic State; Prevalence; Sri Lanka
PubMed: 37640460
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-068445 -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2023The Internet of Things is perhaps a concept that the world cannot be imagined without today, having become intertwined in our everyday lives in the domestic, corporate... (Review)
Review
The Internet of Things is perhaps a concept that the world cannot be imagined without today, having become intertwined in our everyday lives in the domestic, corporate and industrial spheres. However, irrespective of the convenience, ease and connectivity provided by the Internet of Things, the security issues and attacks faced by this technological framework are equally alarming and undeniable. In order to address these various security issues, researchers race against evolving technology, trends and attacker expertise. Though much work has been carried out on network security to date, it is still seen to be lagging in the field of Internet of Things networks. This study surveys the latest trends used in security measures for threat detection, primarily focusing on the machine learning and deep learning techniques applied to Internet of Things datasets. It aims to provide an overview of the IoT datasets available today, trends in machine learning and deep learning usage, and the efficiencies of these algorithms on a variety of relevant datasets. The results of this comprehensive survey can serve as a guide and resource for identifying the various datasets, experiments carried out and future research directions in this field.
PubMed: 37631728
DOI: 10.3390/s23167191 -
Cureus Jul 2023Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurological deficit in brain functions that prevents a child from having a normal social life like his peers. It results in the... (Review)
Review
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurological deficit in brain functions that prevents a child from having a normal social life like his peers. It results in the inability to interact and communicate with others. Unsurprisingly, the alarming increase in screen-time exposure in children has become even more of a concern. Electronic devices are a double-edged sword. Despite their benefits, they have many potential hazards to children's neurological development. Previous studies have investigated the effects of unsupervised screen time and its impact on white matter development during the early years of life of children. The white matter has an important role in the development of neurological functions. This systematic review aims to qualitatively analyze the literature available on early screen time exposure and its association with the risk of developing ASD. This systematic review implemented the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines. PubMed, PubMed Central (PMC), Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for data in the recent six years. A total of 27,200 articles were identified using the MeSH and keywords through four selected databases. Search results revealed 70 from PubMed, 17,700 from Google Scholar, zero from Cochrane Library, and 9,430 from PubMed Central. After applying filters and screening the results by title and abstract and then by full text, 11 studies fulfilled the criteria to be included in the review. We found that the longer the period of screen exposure, the higher the risk that the child may develop ASD. Further, the earlier the child is exposed to screens, the higher the risk of developing ASD in children compared to children exposed later.
PubMed: 37614255
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42292 -
Global Pediatric Health 2023Neonatal death is still alarming in low-income countries including Ethiopia, accounts 30 death per 1000 alive births. Birth trauma is the second most common...
Neonatal death is still alarming in low-income countries including Ethiopia, accounts 30 death per 1000 alive births. Birth trauma is the second most common contributing factors for the death. Nevertheless, there is no aggregate evidence on the prevalence and patterns of neonatal birth trauma in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the pooled prevalence and patterns of neonatal birth trauma in Ethiopia. Searching databases including PubMed, MEDLINE, Popline, SCOPUS, Web of Science, EMBASE, CINHAL (EBSCO), Google, Google Scholar, and lists of references were used to search literatures in Ethiopia. STATA version 14 was used for analysis, and the odds ratios of the outcome variable were determined using the random-effects model. Heterogeneity among the studies was assessed by computing values for and -values. Also, sensitivity analysis and funnel plot were done to assess the stability of pooled values to outliers and publication bias. A total of 6 studies with a sample size of 3663 were included in this study. The overall prevalence of neonatal birth trauma was 15% (95% CI: 13-16). Subgaleal hemorrhage (39%), cephalohematoma (27%), and caput succedaneum (24%) were the most common neonatal birth trauma in Ethiopia. Meta-analyses and sensitivity analyses showed the stability of the pooled odds ratios, and the funnel plots did not show publication bias. This systematic review and meta-analysis revealed a high prevalence of neonatal birth trauma in Ethiopia. Moreover, most of the neonatal birth injuries were severe and life-threatening that need medical attention to safe the neonates and its life long complications.
PubMed: 37602141
DOI: 10.1177/2333794X231191982 -
Journal of International Society of... 2023This study aimed to assess the nature and prevalence of misconduct in self and nonself-reported biomedical research. (Review)
Review
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to assess the nature and prevalence of misconduct in self and nonself-reported biomedical research.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A detailed review of previously conducted studies was conducted through PubMed Central, PubMed, and Google Scholar using MeSH terms: "scientific misconduct," "Publications," "plagiarism," and "authorship," and keywords: scientific misconduct, gift authorship, ghost authorship, and duplicate publication. MeSH terms and keywords were searched in combinations using Boolean operators "AND" and "OR." Of 7771 articles that appeared in the search, 107 were selected for inspection. The articles were screened for their quality and inclusion criteria. Finally, 16 articles were selected for meta-analysis. Data analysis was conducted using an Open-Source, Open Meta Analyst, statistical software using the package "metaphor."
RESULTS
Plagiarism, data fabrication, and falsification were prevalent in most articles reviewed. The prevalence of research misconduct for plagiarism was 4.2% for self-reported and 27.9% for nonself-reported studies. Data fabrication was 4.5% in self-reported and 21.7% in nonself-reported studies. Data falsification was 9.7% in self-reported and 33.4% in nonself-reported studies, with significant heterogeneity.
CONCLUSION
This meta-analysis gives a pooled estimate of the misconduct in research done in biomedical fields such as medicine, dental, pharmacy, and others across the world. We found that there is an alarming rate of misconduct in recent nonself-reported studies, and they were higher than that in the self-reported studies.
PubMed: 37566729
DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.JISPCD_220_22 -
Annals of Clinical Microbiology and... Aug 2023The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains of genital pathogens, notably Mycoplasma genitalium and Ureaplasma spp., constitutes a significant global threat... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains of genital pathogens, notably Mycoplasma genitalium and Ureaplasma spp., constitutes a significant global threat today. The present study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and trend of changes in MDR mycoplasma and ureaplasma strains.
METHODS
An exhaustive search was performed across the ISI Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases to accumulate relevant studies without restrictions until April 2023. We used event rate and corresponding 95% confidence intervals to determine the frequency of resistance-related mutations and examine the trend of antibiotic resistance changes.
RESULTS
The data from 27 studies, including 24,662 patients across 14 countries, were evaluated. Out of the total studies, 20 focused on M. genitalium infections, and five on Ureaplasma spp. The frequency of resistance-associated mutations to macrolides, tetracyclines, and fluoroquinolones in clinical strains of M. genitalium was 43.5%, 13.1%, and 18.6%, respectively. The prevalence of M. genitalium strains with double resistance and MDR was 11.0% and 17.4%, respectively. The incidence of both double-drug-resistant and MDR strains was higher in the World Health Organization (WHO) Western Pacific Region than in European and American populations. For Ureaplasma strains, resistance-associated mutations to macrolides, tetracyclines, and fluoroquinolones were 40.8%, 25.7%, and 90.3%, respectively. The rate of antibiotic resistance was higher in the African population compared to the European and WHO Western Pacific Regions. The rate of MDR Ureaplasma infections was 13.2%, with a higher incidence in the African population compared to the WHO Western Pacific and European regions.
CONCLUSION
The proliferation and spread of MDR Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma strains present a significant public health challenge. The situation is indeed alarming, and the rising trend of MDR M. genitalium and MDR Ureaplasma infections suggests that therapies involving macrolides and fluoroquinolones may become less effective.
Topics: Humans; Mycoplasma; Mycoplasma Infections; Ureaplasma Infections; Mycoplasma hominis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ureaplasma; Fluoroquinolones; Tetracyclines; Macrolides; Mutation; Prevalence
PubMed: 37563660
DOI: 10.1186/s12941-023-00627-6 -
Children (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2023Fundamental movement skills (FMS) are basic movements in children that represent the building blocks for more complex motor skill development and act as a prerequisite... (Review)
Review
Fundamental movement skills (FMS) are basic movements in children that represent the building blocks for more complex motor skill development and act as a prerequisite for enduring sport and physical activity (PA) engagement and positive health-related behaviours. The FMS proficiency is currently inadequate worldwide, and consequently there are alarming levels of inactivity and childhood obesity. However, parents are role models to their children and possess the power to influence their PA behaviour. This review investigated if parent-focused interventions could improve FMS in 2-7-year-old children and evaluated which setting and method of parent engagement was most impactful. Keyword searches were conducted via Scopus, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. Only nine articles met the inclusion criteria. No research originated from the United Kingdom, highlighting the urgent need for further FMS interventions involving parents. The FMS improved in all nine studies, with significant changes in seven of the articles ( < 0.05). Parent-child co-activity, the education and empowerment of parents, and the provision of clear FMS guidance, messaging, and structure can positively influence children's FMS. Recently, smartphone apps have increased the feasibility and accessibility of FMS practice at home and may be integral to future interventions. Further research with direct parental involvement is clearly warranted.
PubMed: 37508744
DOI: 10.3390/children10071247 -
Annals of Medicine and Surgery (2012) Jun 2023Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the most common ICU acquired pneumonia among patients who are invasively intubated for mechanical ventilation. Patients with VAP...
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the most common ICU acquired pneumonia among patients who are invasively intubated for mechanical ventilation. Patients with VAP suffer an increased mortality risk, financial burden, and length of stay in the hospital. The authors aimed to review the literature to describe the incidence, mortality, and microbiological evidence of VAP. We selected 13 peer-reviewed articles published from 1 January 2010 to 15 September 2022 from electronic databases for studies among adult or pediatric patients diagnosed with VAP expressed per thousand days admitted in the ICU. The VAP rates ranged from 7 to 43 per thousand days, varying among different countries of the world. A significant rate of mortality was observed in 13 studies ranging from 6.3 to 66.9%. Gram-negative organisms like Acinetobacter spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa Gram-positive organisms like Staphylococcus aureus were frequently found. Our findings suggest an alarming situation of VAP among patients admitted to the intensive care units with increasing incidence and mortality. The review also found that VAP is more common in males and that there is a significant variation in the incidence and mortality rates of VAP among different countries. The findings of this review can inform the development of infection control and prevention strategies to reduce the burden of VAP. Thus, there is a crucial need for control and preventive measures like interventional studies and educational programs on staff training, hand-hygiene, and the appropriate use of ventilator bundle approach to curb this preventable threat that is increasing at an alarming rate.
PubMed: 37363470
DOI: 10.1097/MS9.0000000000000836 -
Current Sleep Medicine Reports Jun 2023Several studies have found that medical students have a significant prevalence of sleep issues, such as poor sleep quality, excessive daytime sleepiness, and inadequate... (Review)
Review
The Worldwide Prevalence of Sleep Problems Among Medical Students by Problem, Country, and COVID-19 Status: a Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Meta-regression of 109 Studies Involving 59427 Participants.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Several studies have found that medical students have a significant prevalence of sleep issues, such as poor sleep quality, excessive daytime sleepiness, and inadequate sleep duration. The purpose of this review is to carefully evaluate the current research on sleep problems among medical students and, as a result, estimate the prevalence of these disturbances. The EMBASE, PsychINFO, PubMed/MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science and retrieved article reference lists were rigorously searched and rated for quality. Random effects meta-analysis was performed to compute estimates.
RECENT FINDINGS
The current meta-analysis revealed an alarming estimated pooled prevalence of poor sleep quality (K = 95, = 54894) of 55.64% [95%CI 51.45%; 59.74%]. A total of 33.32% [95%CI 26.52%; 40.91%] of the students (K = 28, = 10122) experienced excessive sleepiness during the day. The average sleep duration for medical students (K = 35, = 18052) is only 6.5 h per night [95%CI 6.24; 6.64], which suggests that at least 30% of them get less sleep than the recommended 7-9 h per night.
SUMMARY
Sleep issues are common among medical students, making them a genuine problem. Future research should focus on prevention and intervention initiatives aimed at these groups.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40675-023-00258-5.
PubMed: 37359215
DOI: 10.1007/s40675-023-00258-5 -
Medicine Jun 2023Health officials need current knowledge of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and related risk factors to prioritize prevention and control measures due to lifestyle... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and related factors among the general adult population in Saudi Arabia between 2016-2022: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the cross-sectional studies.
BACKGROUND
Health officials need current knowledge of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and related risk factors to prioritize prevention and control measures due to lifestyle changes, population structure, and the high incidence of diabetes in Saudi Arabia. The present systematic review aims to estimate the current pooled prevalence of T2DM and related risk factors among the general adult population in Saudi Arabia between 2016 and 2022.
METHODS
PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were searched for cross-sectional studies that reported T2DM among adults in Saudi Arabia and were published between December 31, 2016, and December 31, 2022. The PRISMA guidelines and the AXIS tool were employed to report and evaluate study quality and bias risk.
RESULTS
The meta-analysis with a fixed effect model included 10 studies comprising 8457 general men and women adults aged 18 or older. The prevalence of T2DM was 28% (95% CI = 27-28, P < .001), and risks of T2DM in persons over 40 were nearly twice as high (OR = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.34-2.27) than in age under 40 among general adult population in Saudi Arabia between 2016-2022. This difference was statistically significant (P < .0001).
CONCLUSION
The evidence from this review provided alarming and highlighted points about the prevalence of T2DM between 2016 and 2022, but there was high heterogeneity between the studies. Individuals aged 40 or older had a high risk of T2DM among the general adult population in Saudi Arabia.
Topics: Male; Adult; Humans; Female; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Cross-Sectional Studies; Saudi Arabia; Prevalence; Risk Factors
PubMed: 37327272
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000034021