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Endokrynologia Polska 2023There have been many studies assessing whether abnormal metabolic and hormone levels among women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are associated with a greater risk... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
INTRODUCTION
There have been many studies assessing whether abnormal metabolic and hormone levels among women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are associated with a greater risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, previous studies repported no consistent outcomes. To provide a comprehensive evaluation regarding the role of PCOS in the risk of NAFLD, we updated the published literature and conducted this systemic review and meta-analysis.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Electronic databases (Web of Science and PubMed) were searched for literature up to October 2022. We used STATA 12.0 software to compute odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), to evaluate the association between PCOS and risk of NAFLD.
RESULTS
The study indicated that PCOS was significantly related to an elevated risk of NAFLD (OR = 2.93, 95% CI 2.38 to 3.62, I2 = 83.7%, p < 0.001). Meta-regression analysis showed that age and body mass index (BMI) were not responsible for heterogeneity across the studies (age: p = 0.096; BMI: p = 0.418). Sensitivity analysis indicated no alteration in the direction of effect when any study was eliminated. Begg's test, Egger's test, Begg's test, and funnel plot indicated a significant risk of publication bias (Egger's test: p = 0.028; Begg's test: p < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
This meta-analysis reported that PCOS was associated with an elevated risk of NAFLD. Early proper detection of NAFLD for PCOS women is essential. All patients with PCOS should undergo appropriate diagnostics for early detection of fatty liver and fibrosis.
Topics: Humans; Female; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Risk Factors
PubMed: 37779372
DOI: 10.5603/ep.93291 -
Biomolecules Sep 2023Previous studies have suggested that bile acids (BAs) may participate in the development and/or progression of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Previous studies have suggested that bile acids (BAs) may participate in the development and/or progression of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). The present study aimed to define whether specific BA molecular species are selectively associated with MASLD development, disease severity, or geographic region. We comprehensively identified all eligible studies reporting circulating BAs in both MASLD patients and healthy controls through 30 July 2023. The pooled results were expressed as the standard mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Subgroup, sensitivity, and meta-regression analyses were performed to address heterogeneity. Nineteen studies with 154,807 individuals were included. Meta-analysis results showed that total BA levels in MASLD patients were higher than those in healthy controls (SMD = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.63-1.42). When total BAs were divided into unconjugated and conjugated BAs or primary and secondary BAs, the pooled results were consistent with the overall estimates except for secondary BAs. Furthermore, we examined each individual BA and found that 9 of the 15 BAs were increased in MASLD patients, especially ursodeoxycholic acids (UDCA), taurococholic acid (TCA), chenodeoxycholic acids (CDCA), taurochenodeoxycholic acids (TCDCA), and glycocholic acids (GCA). Subgroup analysis revealed that different geographic regions or disease severities led to diverse BA profiles. Notably, TCA, taurodeoxycholic acid (TDCA), taurolithocholic acids (TLCA), and glycolithocholic acids (GLCA) showed a potential ability to differentiate metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) (all 0.05). An altered profile of circulating BAs was shown in MASLD patients, providing potential targets for the diagnosis and treatment of MASLD.
Topics: Humans; Bile Acids and Salts; Metabolic Diseases; Ursodeoxycholic Acid; Chenodeoxycholic Acid; Fatty Liver
PubMed: 37759756
DOI: 10.3390/biom13091356 -
Current Pollution Reports Sep 2023There is a growing interest in understanding the health effects of exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) through the study of the human metabolome. In...
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
There is a growing interest in understanding the health effects of exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) through the study of the human metabolome. In this systematic review, we aimed to identify consistent findings between PFAS and metabolomic signatures. We conducted a search matching specific keywords that was independently reviewed by two authors on two databases (EMBASE and PubMed) from their inception through July 19, 2022 following PRISMA guidelines.
RECENT FINDINGS
We identified a total of 28 eligible observational studies that evaluated the associations between 31 different PFAS exposures and metabolomics in humans. The most common exposure evaluated was legacy long-chain PFAS. Population sample sizes ranged from 40 to 1,105 participants at different stages across the lifespan. A total of 19 studies used a non-targeted metabolomics approach, 7 used targeted approaches, and 2 included both. The majority of studies were cross-sectional ( = 25), including four with prospective analyses of PFAS measured prior to metabolomics.
SUMMARY
Most frequently reported associations across studies were observed between PFAS and amino acids, fatty acids, glycerophospholipids, glycerolipids, phosphosphingolipids, bile acids, ceramides, purines, and acylcarnitines. Corresponding metabolic pathways were also altered, including lipid, amino acid, carbohydrate, nucleotide, energy metabolism, glycan biosynthesis and metabolism, and metabolism of cofactors and vitamins. We found consistent evidence across studies indicating PFAS-induced alterations in lipid and amino acid metabolites, which may be involved in energy and cell membrane disruption.
PubMed: 37753190
DOI: 10.1007/s40726-023-00269-4 -
Infectious Diseases and Therapy Oct 2023Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) due to serogroup W meningococci (MenW) is consistently reported with atypical clinical manifestations, including gastrointestinal... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) due to serogroup W meningococci (MenW) is consistently reported with atypical clinical manifestations, including gastrointestinal symptoms, bacteremic pneumonia, and septic arthritis. We undertook a systematic review of the literature for a comprehensive assessment of the clinical presentation of IMD caused by MenW.
METHODS
PubMed and Embase databases were searched from inception to June 2022 using a combination of MeSH terms and free text for articles that reported symptoms and signs of MenW IMD, and associated manifestations.
RESULTS
The most commonly reported symptoms identified included: fever (range 36-100% of cases), nausea and/or vomiting (range 38-47%), vomiting (range 14-68%), cough (range 7-57%), sore throat (range 13-34%), headache (range 7-50%), diarrhea (range 8-47%), altered consciousness/mental status (range 7-38%), stiff neck (range 7-54%), and nausea (range 7-20%). Sepsis (range 15-83% of cases) was the most commonly reported manifestation followed by meningitis (range 5-72%), sepsis and meningitis (range 6-74%), bacteremic pneumonia (range 4-24%), arthritis (range 1-15%), and other manifestations (e.g., pharyngitis/epiglottitis/supraglottitis/tonsillitis/conjunctivitis; range 1-24%). The case fatality rates ranged from 8-40%, and among the survivors 4-14% had long-term sequelae.
CONCLUSIONS
Clinicians need to be aware of the nonspecific symptoms and signs of IMD, as well as of the atypical manifestations in regions where MenW is known to circulate to ensure timely diagnoses and treatment.
PubMed: 37751017
DOI: 10.1007/s40121-023-00869-z -
Frontiers in Neurology 2023Acute Necrotizing Encephalopathy (ANE) is a condition characterized by symmetric, bilateral lesions affecting the thalamus and potentially other areas of the brain...
Acute Necrotizing Encephalopathy (ANE) is a condition characterized by symmetric, bilateral lesions affecting the thalamus and potentially other areas of the brain following an acute febrile illness. It manifests clinically as abrupt development of encephalopathy, or alteration in mental status that often includes development of seizures and progression to coma. Treatment strategies combine immunosuppressive therapies and supportive care with varying levels of recovery, however there are no universally accepted, data-driven, treatment algorithms for ANE. We first report a case of a previously healthy 10-year-old female with acute onset diplopia, visual hallucinations, lethargy, and seizures in the setting of subacute non-specific viral symptoms and found to have bilateral thalamic and brainstem lesions on MRI consistent with ANE. She was treated with a combination of immunomodulatory therapies and ultimately had a good outcome. Next, we present a meta-analysis of 10 articles with a total of 158 patients meeting clinical and radiographic criteria for ANE. Each article reported immunosuppressive treatments received, and associated morbidity or mortality outcome for each individual patient. Through our analysis, we confirm the effectiveness of high-dose, intravenous, methylprednisolone (HD-IV-MP) therapy implemented early in the disease course (initiation within 24 h of neurologic symptom onset). There was no significant difference between patients treated with and without intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). There was no benefit of combining IVIG with early HD-IV-MP. There is weak evidence suggesting a benefit of IL-6 inhibitor tocilizumab, especially when used in combination with early HD-IV-MP, though this analysis was limited by sample size. Finally, plasma exchange (PLEX) improved survival. We hope this meta-analysis will be useful for clinicians making treatment decisions for patients with this potentially devastating condition.
PubMed: 37745654
DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1239746 -
Clinical Proteomics Sep 2023Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from an autoimmune attack of the pancreatic β cells that progresses to dysglycemia and symptomatic hyperglycemia. Current biomarkers to... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from an autoimmune attack of the pancreatic β cells that progresses to dysglycemia and symptomatic hyperglycemia. Current biomarkers to track this evolution are limited, with development of islet autoantibodies marking the onset of autoimmunity and metabolic tests used to detect dysglycemia. Therefore, additional biomarkers are needed to better track disease initiation and progression. Multiple clinical studies have used proteomics to identify biomarker candidates. However, most of the studies were limited to the initial candidate identification, which needs to be further validated and have assays developed for clinical use. Here we curate these studies to help prioritize biomarker candidates for validation studies and to obtain a broader view of processes regulated during disease development.
METHODS
This systematic review was registered with Open Science Framework ( https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/N8TSA ). Using PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic search of proteomics studies of T1D in the PubMed to identify putative protein biomarkers of the disease. Studies that performed mass spectrometry-based untargeted/targeted proteomic analysis of human serum/plasma of control, pre-seroconversion, post-seroconversion, and/or T1D-diagnosed subjects were included. For unbiased screening, 3 reviewers screened all the articles independently using the pre-determined criteria.
RESULTS
A total of 13 studies met our inclusion criteria, resulting in the identification of 266 unique proteins, with 31 (11.6%) being identified across 3 or more studies. The circulating protein biomarkers were found to be enriched in complement, lipid metabolism, and immune response pathways, all of which are found to be dysregulated in different phases of T1D development. We found 2 subsets: 17 proteins (C3, C1R, C8G, C4B, IBP2, IBP3, ITIH1, ITIH2, BTD, APOE, TETN, C1S, C6A3, SAA4, ALS, SEPP1 and PI16) and 3 proteins (C3, CLUS and C4A) have consistent regulation in at least 2 independent studies at post-seroconversion and post-diagnosis compared to controls, respectively, making them strong candidates for clinical assay development.
CONCLUSIONS
Biomarkers analyzed in this systematic review highlight alterations in specific biological processes in T1D, including complement, lipid metabolism, and immune response pathways, and may have potential for further use in the clinic as prognostic or diagnostic assays.
PubMed: 37735622
DOI: 10.1186/s12014-023-09429-6 -
Frontiers in Neuroscience 2023There are previous epidemiological studies reporting associations between antibiotic use and psychiatric symptoms. Antibiotic-induced gut dysbiosis and alteration of... (Review)
Review
There are previous epidemiological studies reporting associations between antibiotic use and psychiatric symptoms. Antibiotic-induced gut dysbiosis and alteration of microbiota-gut-brain axis communication has been proposed to play a role in this association. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we reviewed published articles that have presented results on changes in cognition, emotion, and behavior in rodents (rats and mice) after antibiotic-induced gut dysbiosis. We searched three databases-PubMed, Web of Science, and SCOPUS to identify such articles using dedicated search strings and extracted data from 48 articles. Increase in anxiety and depression-like behavior was reported in 32.7 and 40.7 percent of the study-populations, respectively. Decrease in sociability, social novelty preference, recognition memory and spatial cognition was found in 18.1, 35.3, 26.1, and 62.5 percent of the study-populations, respectively. Only one bacterial taxon (increase in gut ) showed statistically significant association with behavioral changes (increase in anxiety). There were no consistent findings with statistical significance for the potential biomarkers [Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in the hippocampus, serum corticosterone and circulating IL-6 and IL-1β levels]. Results of the meta-analysis revealed a significant association between symptoms of negative valence system (including anxiety and depression) and cognitive system (decreased spatial cognition) with antibiotic intake ( < 0.05). However, between-study heterogeneity and publication bias were statistically significant ( < 0.05). Risk of bias was evaluated to be high in the majority of the studies. We identified and discussed several reasons that could contribute to the heterogeneity between the results of the studies examined. The results of the meta-analysis provide promising evidence that there is indeed an association between antibiotic-induced gut dysbiosis and psychopathologies. However, inconsistencies in the implemented methodologies make generalizing these results difficult. Gut microbiota depletion using antibiotics may be a useful strategy to evaluate if and how gut microbes influence cognition, emotion, and behavior, but the heterogeneity in methodologies used precludes any definitive interpretations for a translational impact on clinical practice.
PubMed: 37719161
DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1237177 -
Molecular Metabolism Nov 2023The gut microbiota is increasingly recognized as a crucial factor in human health and disease. Metformin, a commonly prescribed medication for type 2 diabetes, has been... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The gut microbiota is increasingly recognized as a crucial factor in human health and disease. Metformin, a commonly prescribed medication for type 2 diabetes, has been studied for its potential impact on the gut microbiota in preclinical models. However, the effects of metformin on the gut microbiota in humans remain uncertain.
SCOPE OF REVIEW
We conducted a systematic review of clinical trials and observational studies to assess the existing knowledge on the impact of metformin on the gut microbiota in humans. The review focused on changes in bacterial composition and diversity following metformin treatment.
MAJOR CONCLUSIONS
Thirteen studies were included in the analysis. The results revealed alterations in the abundance of bacterial genera from various phyla, suggesting that metformin may selectively influence certain groups of bacteria in the gut microbiota. However, the effects on gut microbiota diversity were inconsistent across populations, with conflicting findings on changes in alpha and beta diversity measures. Overall, the use of metformin was associated with changes in the abundance of specific bacterial genera within the gut microbiota of human populations. However, the effects on gut microbiota diversity were not consistent, highlighting the need for further research to understand the underlying mechanisms and clinical significance of these changes.
Topics: Humans; Metformin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Bacteria
PubMed: 37696355
DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101805 -
Frontiers in Psychology 2023The growth of the prison population and the high recidivism rates of inmates represent a major public safety problem.
BACKGROUND
The growth of the prison population and the high recidivism rates of inmates represent a major public safety problem.
OBJECTIVE
This systematic review explored executive functions in inmates convicted of violent behavior compared with inmates convicted of non-violent behavior and healthy controls (HCs).
METHODS
Systematic searches were carried out using five databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, EBSCO, and Embase) until March 6th, 2023. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, two reviewers independently performed the screening, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment of the 8 studies included. The protocol of this study was registered in Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), under registration number CRD42021252043.
RESULTS
Consistently, inmates convicted of violent behavior exhibited a greater alteration in inhibition than inmates convicted of non-violent behavior (four out of four studies) and HCs (two out of two studies). In addition, inmates convicted of violent behavior showed greater impairments in cognitive flexibility (two out of three studies) and working memory (two out of three studies) than HCs. Although with limited evidence (only one study), they also showed worse performance in set shifting and planning than HCs.
CONCLUSION
This study provides evidence of alterations in inhibition in inmates convicted of violent behavior compared to inmates convicted of non-violent behavior and HCs. Even though inmates convicted of violent behavior showed greater impairments in planning and set shifting than HCs, these findings were supported in only one study. In general, more robust evidence is needed to confirm alterations in inmates convicted due to violent behavior. These findings highlight the importance of designing and promoting specific cognitive interventions that contribute to the reintegration of inmates into society.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021252043, identifier CRD42021252043.
PubMed: 37663323
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1066474 -
Anatolian Journal of Cardiology Sep 2023The benefits of prophylactic renal replacement therapy after cardiac catheterization in patients with chronic kidney disease remain unclear. The aim of this study is to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
The benefits of prophylactic renal replacement therapy after cardiac catheterization in patients with chronic kidney disease remain unclear. The aim of this study is to confirm the benefit of prophylactic renal replacement therapy after cardiac catheterization.
METHODS
We systematically searched for studies published from inception to December 2022 examining the benefits of prophylactic renal replacement therapy after cardiac catheterization in MEDLINE and EMBASE. Data analysis was performed according to the PRISMA statement using the Mantel-Haenszel method.
RESULTS
Five studies met the inclusion criteria, which comprised of 532 chronic kidney disease patients who underwent coronary angiography (268 had prophylactic renal replacement therapy and 264 did not have prophylactic renal replacement therapy). The pooled analysis revealed a non-significant decreased risk of 1-year mortality in chronic kidney disease patients who underwent coronary angiography and prophylactic renal replacement therapy compared to those who did not have prophylactic renal replacement therapy (RR = 0.59; P =.18; CI: 0.28-1.2795, I2 = 60.4%). The risk of hemodialysis during hospitalization and renal replacement therapy requirement in 1 year in chronic kidney disease patients who underwent coronary angiography and prophylactic renal replacement therapy were lower than in those who did not have prophylactic renal replacement therapy (RR = 0.13; P =.001; CI: 0.04-0.43, I2 = 9.1% and RR = 0.29; P =.015; CI: 0.11-0.78, I2 = 49.9%, respectively). The sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the overall findings remained consistent and did not significantly alter.
CONCLUSIONS
Prophylactic renal replacement therapy did not seem to lower 1-year mortality among chronic kidney disease patients who underwent coronary angiography. However, prophylactic renal replacement therapy appeared to reduce the risk of hemodialysis during hospitalization and renal replacement therapy requirement in 1 year.
Topics: Humans; Renal Replacement Therapy; Renal Dialysis; Cardiac Catheterization; Coronary Angiography; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
PubMed: 37599634
DOI: 10.14744/AnatolJCardiol.2023.3443