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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis Dec 2023This review aims to identify in vivo studies investigating the potential of plant substances and their natural molecules in managing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).... (Review)
Review
This review aims to identify in vivo studies investigating the potential of plant substances and their natural molecules in managing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Specifically, the objective is to examine the impact of these substances on interleukins and other key inflammatory signaling markers. Relevant articles published up to December 2022 were identified through a search of the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases. The search used keywords including "inflammatory bowel disease", "medicinal plants", "natural molecules", "anti-inflammatory", and "ulcerative colitis", and identified 1,878 potentially relevant articles, of which 89 were included in this review after completion of the selection process. This study provides preclinical data on natural products (NPs) that can potentially treat IBD, including ulcerative colitis. The main actions of these NPs relate to their effects on nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), the Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway, the regulation of T helper 17/regulatory T cells balance, and oxidative stress. The ability of these NPs to inhibit intestinal inflammation appears to be dependent on lowering levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-17, via the Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)1, NF-κβ-p65, and STAT3 pathways. In addition, NPs were shown to reduce oxidative stress and the severity of ulcerative colitis, as well as increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes. These actions suggest that NPs represent a promising treatment for IBD, and potentially have greater efficacy and safety than current treatments.
PubMed: 38223446
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.09.012 -
JGH Open : An Open Access Journal of... Dec 2023Pouchitis is a common complication after restorative ileal pouch-anal anastomosis following proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis. Antibiotic-dependent or...
BACKGROUND AND AIM
Pouchitis is a common complication after restorative ileal pouch-anal anastomosis following proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis. Antibiotic-dependent or antibiotic-refractory chronic pouchitis (CP), which is a common cause of pouch failure affecting 15-20% of patients, is challenging to treat. The efficacy of second-line immunomodulator and biologic therapy remains poorly defined. We present a pooled analysis of real-world efficacy data from peer-reviewed full-text manuscripts, focusing on immunomodulator and biologic therapies in CP.
METHODS
Embase and PubMed databases were searched for full-text articles describing the treatment of CP. We performed a systematic review and pooled analysis of published studies to assess the efficacy of immunomodulators, including thiopurines and methotrexate, and biologics including antitumor necrosis factor, anti-integrin, and interleukin-12/23 antagonists. Clinical and endoscopic response and remission rates were combined for pooled analyses. Rates of treatment discontinuation and safety were also assessed.
RESULTS
Pooled analysis comprised 20 full-text articles (485 patients). Overall clinical response rate was 46% (95% CI: 35-59%) and clinical remission rate was 35% (95% CI: 21-52%). Overall endoscopic response and remission rates were 41% (95% CI: 18-68%) and 15% (95% CI: 5-39%), respectively. Individual agents' safety profile was reassuring, with vedolizumab being the most favorable.
CONCLUSION
The real-world efficacy data of immunomodulators in the treatment of CP is insufficient. Vedolizumab and ustekinumab appeared effective and safe for CP, whereas anti-TNFs showed higher rates of adverse events. The high heterogeneity within the studies is attributed to the real-world study design, obfuscating drug efficacy comparisons across the studies. Further studies are required to define the comparative effectiveness of available treatments of CP.
PubMed: 38162843
DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.13000 -
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular... 2022To systematically assess effectiveness and safety of Bifidobacterium quadruple viable bacteria combined with mesalamine against ulcerative colitis (UC) in the Asian... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
To systematically assess effectiveness and safety of Bifidobacterium quadruple viable bacteria combined with mesalamine against ulcerative colitis (UC) in the Asian population.
METHODS
An electronic search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, VIP, and Wanfang databases for a random collection of controlled trials of Bifidobacterium quadruple viable bacteria combined with mesalamine against UC. Following data screening and extraction, a Cochrane risk assessment tool was adopted to evaluate the quality of the included studies, and RevMan 5.3 and Stata/SE 15.1 software were used for meta-analysis.
RESULTS
Nineteen articles which enrolled 1,707 subjects were included ultimately in this study. The experimental group performed better than the control group in improving the Mayo score (MD = -1.94, 95% CI = (-2.69, -1.19), < 0.00001), increasing the total clinical efficiency (OR = 5.10, 95% CI (3.53, 7.38), < 0.00001), reducing the levels of IL-8 (SMD = -1.79, 95% CI (-2.36, -1.12), < 0.00001), increasing the levels of IL-4 (SMD = 1.00, 95% CI (0.60, 1.41), < 0.00001), and reducing the levels of hsCRP (MD = -3.26, 95% CI (-4.28, -2.25), < 0.00001), TNF- (MD = -7.11, 95% CI (-9.23, -5.00), < 0.00001), ox-LDL (MD = -14.46, 95% CI (-17.20, -11.72), < 0.00001), and LPO (MD = -3.55, 95% CI (-4.70, -2.39), < 0.0001) as well as increasing SOD level (SMD = 1.68, 95% CI (1.02, 2.35), < 0.00001), and adverse reactions were substantially less than that of control (OR = 0.43, 95% CI = (0.28, 0.66), = 0.0001).
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the current meta-analysis shows that Bifidobacterium quadruple viable bacterium combined with mesalamine has a satisfactory effect in the treatment of UC in China, and its safety is better than that of mesalamine or Bifidobacterium quadruple viable bacteria alone. However, randomized controlled trials with standardized designs and large sample sizes are still needed for further validation.
Topics: Bifidobacterium; C-Reactive Protein; Colitis, Ulcerative; Humans; Interleukin-4; Interleukin-8; Mesalamine; Superoxide Dismutase; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
PubMed: 36238645
DOI: 10.1155/2022/8272371 -
Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis May 2022We tried to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of glycogen phosphorylase BB as a cardiac marker for myocardial infarction. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
PURPOSE
We tried to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of glycogen phosphorylase BB as a cardiac marker for myocardial infarction.
METHODS
We searched through different electronic databases (PubMed, Google-scholar, Embase, and Cochrane Library) to locate relevant articles. Studies, with sufficient data to reconstruct a 2 × 2 contingency table, met our inclusion criteria were included. Three reviewers independently screened the articles. Discrepancies were resolved by other reviewers. Unpublished data were requested from the authors of the study via email. Subsequently, data extraction was done using a standardized form and quality assessment of studies using the QUADAS-2 tool. Meta-analysis was done using a bivariate model using R software.
RESULTS
Fourteen studies were selected for the final evaluation, which yielded the summary points: pooled sensitivity 87.77% (77.52%-93.72%, I = 86%), pooled specificity 88.45% (75.59%-94.99%, I = 88%), pooled DOR 49.37(14.53-167.72, I = 89%), and AUC of SROC was 0.923. The lambda value of the HSROC curve was 3.670. The Fagan plot showed that GPBB increases the pretest probability of myocardial infarction from 46% to 81% when positive, and it lowers the same probability to 12% when negative.
CONCLUSION
With these results, we can conclude that GPBB has modest accuracy in screening myocardial infarction, but the limitations of the study warrant further high-quality studies to confirm its usefulness in predicting myocardial infarction (MI).
Topics: Glycogen Phosphorylase; Humans; Myocardial Infarction; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 35325479
DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24368 -
World Journal of Surgical Oncology Mar 2022To assess the efficacy of extraperitoneal colostomy (EPC) in preventing stoma-related complications. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
AIM
To assess the efficacy of extraperitoneal colostomy (EPC) in preventing stoma-related complications.
BACKGROUND
Transperitoneal colostomy (TPC) is a widely used surgical approach. However, TPCs have been reported to have increased risks of stoma-related complications, such as parastomal hernias, stomal retraction, and stomal prolapse. The purpose of EPC is to reduce these complications. However, there is still a lack of evidence-based studies.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, MOOSE, PubMed, Google Scholar, Baidu Scholar, and the Cochrane Library were searched to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis with RCTs. The meta-analysis was performed with RevMan 5.4 software.
RESULTS
This study included 5 eligible RCTs. Compared with the TPC group, the EPC group had lower incidence rates of parastomal hernias (RR, 0.14; 95% CI, 0.04-0.52, P = 0.003, I = 0%) and stomatal prolapse (RR, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.08-0.95, P = 0.04, I = 0%), but a higher rate of defecation sensation (RR, 3.51; 95% CI, 2.47-5.0, P < 0.00001, I = 37%). No statistically significant differences were observed in stoma retraction, colostomy construction time, stoma ischemia, or stoma necrosis.
CONCLUSION
Extraperitoneal colostomies are associated with lower rates of postoperative complications than transperitoneal colostomies. A randomized controlled trial meta-analysis found that permanent colostomies after abdominoperineal resection resulted in better outcomes.
Topics: Colostomy; Humans; Postoperative Complications; Proctectomy; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Software; Surgical Stomas
PubMed: 35279174
DOI: 10.1186/s12957-022-02547-9 -
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis Mar 2015To evaluate the efficacy and safety of TNF-α blockers for ulcerative colitis. A systematic search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of TNF-α blockers for... (Review)
Review
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of TNF-α blockers for ulcerative colitis. A systematic search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of TNF-α blockers for treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC) were performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and cochrane clinical trial. We estimated Pooled estimates of the odds ratio (OR) and relevant 95% confidence interval (CI) using fixed effects model or random effects model as appropriate. Heterogeneity, publication bias, and subgroup analyses were conducted. Nine randomized controlled studies met the selection criteria with a total of 2518 patients. Five studies compared Infliximab with placebo. Two studies compared Infliximab to corticosteroids. Two studies compared Adalimumab to placebo. One study compared subcutaneous golimumab to placebo. Short-term response, short-term remission, long-term remission and mucosal healing were better in the TNF-α blocker group than in the control group (p < 0.05). TNF-α blockers decreased the colectomy rate and serious adverse reactions (p < 0.05). The TNF-α blockers were superior to controls in achieving short-term clinical response/remission, long-term remission and mucosal healing and decreased the colectomy rate and serious adverse reactions.
PubMed: 28911431
DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2014.06.003