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The Kaohsiung Journal of Medical... Jun 2024Autoimmune disease is characterized by the proliferation of harmful immune cells, inducing tissue inflammation and ultimately causing organ damage. Current treatments... (Review)
Review
Autoimmune disease is characterized by the proliferation of harmful immune cells, inducing tissue inflammation and ultimately causing organ damage. Current treatments often lack specificity, necessitating high doses, prolonged usage, and high recurrence rates. Therefore, the identification of innovative and safe therapeutic strategies is urgently required. Recent preclinical studies and clinical trials on inflammatory and autoimmune diseases have evidenced the immunosuppressive properties of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). Studies have demonstrated that extracellular vesicles (EV) derived from MSCs can mitigate abnormal autoinflammation while maintaining safety within the diseased microenvironment. This study conducted a systematic review to elucidate the crucial role of MSC-EVs in alleviating autoimmune diseases, particularly focusing on their impact on the underlying mechanisms of autoimmune conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). By specifically examining the regulatory functions of microRNAs (miRNAs) derived from MSC-EVs, the comprehensive study aimed to enhance the understanding related to disease mechanisms and identify potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for these diseases.
Topics: Humans; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Extracellular Vesicles; Autoimmune Diseases; MicroRNAs; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Animals; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Immunomodulation
PubMed: 38712483
DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12841 -
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer... Apr 2024Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer among women worldwide with significant disproportionate mortality rates in developing countries. Although clinical management... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer among women worldwide with significant disproportionate mortality rates in developing countries. Although clinical management of breast cancer has been immensely improved, refinement in the prognostic and recurrent markers is still needed. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) HOTAIR has recently been associated with poor outcome and is potentially used as a prognostic marker in breast cancer.
METHODS
We comprehensively reviewed studies evaluating lncRNA HOTAIR in association with overall and disease-free survivals in breast cancers. Systematic searches were performed in Pubmed, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Google Scholar, Semantic Scholar, Springer, Nature, Sage Journals, and Wiley databases using combination keywords "long non-coding RNA," "lncRNA," "HOX transcript antisense RNA," "HOTAIR," "breast can-cer," "carcinoma mammae," "prognosis," and "survival." Risk of bias score was used to assess quality of studies, I2 test was conducted to assess heterogeneity. Meta-analysis was performed to compare HOTAIR expression with breast cancer survival rates using STATA v.17 software.
RESULTS
Of the total 1,504 screened studies, seven studies were included in the meta-analysis involving 533 patients. High expression of HOTAIR was associated with poor survival rates (pooled HR: 1.69; 95%CI: 1.11-2.59; p=0.015), shorter overall survival (OS) (pooled HR: 1.33; 95%CI: 0.78-2.26; p=0.455), poor disease-free survival (DFS) (pooled HR: 2.40; 95%CI: 1.63-3.53; p<0.001), poor distant metastatic-free survival (MFS) (HR: 1.75; 95%CI: 1.13-2.71; p=0.012). In addition, overexpression of HOTAIR was associated with positive lymph node infiltration (pooled OR: 2.38; 95%CI: 0.53-10.69; p=0.26) and ductal type cancer (pooled OR: 3.27; 95%CI: 1.15-9.30; p=0.03).
CONCLUSION
Upregulation of lncRNA HOTAIR is associated with worse DFS aand MFS that can potentially be used as a prognostic marker in breast cancer patients.
Topics: Humans; RNA, Long Noncoding; Breast Neoplasms; Female; Prognosis; Biomarkers, Tumor; Up-Regulation; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Survival Rate
PubMed: 38679975
DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2024.25.4.1169 -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2024Preeclampsia, a serious complication of pregnancy, involves intricate molecular and cellular mechanisms. Fetal microchimerism, where fetal cells persist within maternal... (Review)
Review
Preeclampsia, a serious complication of pregnancy, involves intricate molecular and cellular mechanisms. Fetal microchimerism, where fetal cells persist within maternal tissues and in circulation, acts as a mechanistic link between placental dysfunction and maternal complications in the two-stage model of preeclampsia. Hormones, complements, and cytokines play pivotal roles in the pathophysiology, influencing immune responses, arterial remodeling, and endothelial function. Also, soluble HLA-G, involved in maternal-fetal immune tolerance, is reduced in preeclampsia. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (Hif-α) dysregulation leads to placental abnormalities and preeclampsia-like symptoms. Alterations in matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), endothelins (ETs), chemokines, and cytokines contribute to defective trophoblast invasion, endothelial dysfunction, and inflammation. Preeclampsia's genetic complexity includes circRNAs, miRNAs, and lncRNAs. CircRNA_06354 is linked to early-onset preeclampsia by influencing trophoblast invasion via the hsa-miR-92a-3p/VEGF-A pathway. The dysregulation of C19MC, especially miR-519d and miR-517-5p, affects trophoblast function. Additionally, lncRNAs like IGFBP1 and EGFR-AS1, along with protein-coding genes, impact trophoblast regulation and angiogenesis, influencing both preeclampsia and fetal growth. Besides aberrations in CD31+ cells, other potential biomarkers such as MMPs, soluble HLA-G, and hCG hold promise for predicting preeclampsia and its complications. Therapeutic interventions targeting factors such as peroxisome PPAR-γ and endothelin receptors show potential in mitigating preeclampsia-related complications. In conclusion, preeclampsia is a complex disorder with a multifactorial etiology and pathogenesis. Fetal microchimerism, hormones, complements, and cytokines contribute to placental and endothelial dysfunction with inflammation. Identifying novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets offers promise for early diagnosis and effective management, ultimately reducing maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. However, further research is warranted to translate these findings into clinical practice and enhance outcomes for at-risk women.
Topics: Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Biomarkers; Hormones; MicroRNAs; Placenta; Pre-Eclampsia; Trophoblasts
PubMed: 38674114
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084532 -
Cell Death & Disease Apr 2024N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation, a prevalent eukaryotic post-transcriptional modification, is involved in multiple biological functions, including mediating... (Review)
Review
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation, a prevalent eukaryotic post-transcriptional modification, is involved in multiple biological functions, including mediating variable splicing, RNA maturation, transcription, and nuclear export, and also is vital for regulating RNA translation, stability, and cytoplasmic degradation. For example, m6A methylation can regulate pre-miRNA expression by affecting both splicing and maturation. Non-coding RNA (ncRNA), which includes microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), does not encode proteins but has powerful impacts on transcription and translation. Conversely, ncRNAs may impact m6A methylation by affecting the expression of m6A regulators, including miRNAs targeting mRNA of m6A regulators, or lncRNAs, and circRNAs, acting as scaffolds to regulate transcription of m6A regulatory factors. Dysregulation of m6A methylation is common in urinary tumors, and the regulatory role of ncRNAs is also important for these malignancies. This article provides a systematic review of the role and mechanisms of action of m6A methylation and ncRNAs in urinary tumors.
Topics: Humans; RNA, Long Noncoding; RNA, Circular; RNA, Untranslated; Neoplasms; MicroRNAs; Adenosine
PubMed: 38632251
DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06664-z -
BMC Cancer Apr 2024This article examines the potential of using liquid biopsy with piRNAs to study cancer survival outcomes. While previous studies have explored the relationship between... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
INTRODUCTION
This article examines the potential of using liquid biopsy with piRNAs to study cancer survival outcomes. While previous studies have explored the relationship between piRNA expression and cancer patient outcomes, a comprehensive investigation is still lacking. To address this gap, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of existing literature.
METHODS
We searched major online databases up to February 2024 to identify articles reporting on the role of piRNA in cancer patient survival outcomes. Our meta-analysis used a random-effects model to pool hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and assess the prognostic value of deregulated piRNA-823. For survival analysis, the Kaplan-Meier method and COX analysis were used.
RESULTS
Out of 6104 articles screened, 20 met our inclusion criteria. Our analysis revealed that dysregulated piRNA expression is associated with cancer patient survival outcomes. Specifically, our meta-analysis found that overexpression of piR-823 is significantly linked with poorer overall survival in patients with colorectal cancer and renal cell cancer (HR: 3.82, 95% CI = [1.81, 8.04], I = 70%).
CONCLUSION
Our findings suggest that various piRNAs may play a role in cancer survival outcomes and that piRNA-823 in particular holds promise as a prognostic biomarker for multiple human cancers.
IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS
Our systematic review and meta-analysis of piRNA-823 has important implications for cancer survivors. Our findings suggest that piRNA-823 can be used as a prognostic biomarker for predicting cancer recurrence and survival rates. This information can help clinicians develop personalized treatment plans for cancer survivors, which can improve their quality of life and reduce the risk of recurrence.
Topics: Humans; Piwi-Interacting RNA; RNA, Small Interfering; Quality of Life; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Biomarkers
PubMed: 38627675
DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12180-2 -
BMC Infectious Diseases Apr 2024Tuberculosis (TB) ranks as the second leading cause of death globally among all infectious diseases. This problem is likely due to the lack of biomarkers to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Tuberculosis (TB) ranks as the second leading cause of death globally among all infectious diseases. This problem is likely due to the lack of biomarkers to differentiate the heterogeneous spectrum of infection. Therefore, the first step in solving this problem is to identify biomarkers to distinguish the different disease states of an individual and treat them accordingly. Circulating microRNA (miRNA) biomarkers are promising candidates for various diseases. In fact, we are yet to conceptualize how miRNA expression influences and predicts TB disease outcomes. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the diagnostic efficacy of circulating miRNAs in Latent TB (LTB) and Active Pulmonary TB (PTB).
METHODS
Literature published between 2012 and 2021 was retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar. Articles were screened based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and their quality was assessed using the QUADAS-2 tool. Funnel plots and forest plots were generated to assess the likelihood of study bias and heterogeneity, respectively.
RESULTS
After the screening process, seven articles were selected for qualitative analysis. The study groups, which consisted of Healthy Control (HC) vs. TB and LTB vs. TB, exhibited an overall sensitivity of 81.9% (95% CI: 74.2, 87.7) and specificity of 68.3% (95% CI: 57.8, 77.2), respectively. However, our meta-analysis results highlighted two potentially valuable miRNA candidates, miR-197 and miR-144, for discriminating TB from HC. The miRNA signature model (miR197-3p, miR-let-7e-5p, and miR-223-3p) has also been shown to diagnose DR-TB with a sensitivity of 100%, but with a compromised specificity of only 75%.
CONCLUSION
miRNA biomarkers show a promising future for TB diagnostics. Further multicentre studies without biases are required to identify clinically valid biomarkers for different states of the TB disease spectrum.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
PROSPERO (CRD42022302729).
Topics: Humans; MicroRNAs; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary; Biomarkers; Latent Tuberculosis
PubMed: 38622570
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09232-0 -
BMC Oral Health Mar 2024Recent studies have indicated that microRNA (miRNA) expression in tumour tissues has prognostic significance in Tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) patients. This... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Recent studies have indicated that microRNA (miRNA) expression in tumour tissues has prognostic significance in Tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) patients. This study explored the possible prognostic value of miRNAs for TSCC based on published research.
METHODS
A comprehensive literature search of multiple databases was conducted according to predefined eligibility criteria. Data were extracted from the included studies by two researchers, and HR results were determined based on Kaplan‒Meier curves according to the Tierney method. The Newcastle‒Ottawa Scale (NOS) and GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) pro-GDT were applied to assess the quality of all studies. Publication bias was estimated by funnel plot, Egger's rank correlation test and sensitivity analysis.
RESULTS
Eleven studies (891patients) were included, of which 6 reported up-regulated miRNAs and 7 mentioned down-regulated miRNAs. The pooled hazard ratio (HR) from the prognostic indicator overall survival (OS) was 1.34 (1.25-1.44), p < 0.00001, indicating a significant difference in miRNA expression between TSCC patients with better or worse prognosis.
CONCLUSION
MiRNAs may have high prognostic value and could be used as prognostic biomarkers of TSCC.
Topics: Humans; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Prognosis; Tongue Neoplasms; Biomarkers, Tumor; MicroRNAs; Tongue
PubMed: 38556858
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04182-0 -
Cureus Feb 2024Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a formidable global health concern with a dire prognosis, highlighting the critical need for early detection strategies. This... (Review)
Review
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a formidable global health concern with a dire prognosis, highlighting the critical need for early detection strategies. This systematic review delves into the potential of salivary biomarkers as a non-invasive means for identifying PDAC at its incipient stages. Saliva's proximity to the circulatory system enables the detection of tumor-derived biomolecules, making it an ideal candidate for mass screening. The analysis of three selected studies reveals promising candidates such as Neisseria mucosa, Fusobacterium periodonticum, polyamines, and specific long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Notably, polyamines like spermine show potential in distinguishing PDAC, while lncRNAs HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR) and plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) exhibit superior sensitivity and specificity compared to traditional serum markers. However, challenges, including small sample sizes and a lack of validation, underscore the need for standardized diagnostic panels and large-scale collaborative studies. Advancements in nanotechnology, machine learning, and ethical considerations are crucial for harnessing the diagnostic potential of saliva. The review emphasizes the imperative for extensive clinical trials to validate salivary biomarkers, ensuring not only diagnostic accuracy but also cost-effectiveness, patient compliance, and long-term benefits in the realm of PDAC screening. Longitudinal studies are recommended to unravel temporal changes in salivary biomarkers, shedding light on disease progression and treatment response.
PubMed: 38550499
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55003 -
Nutrients Mar 2024The evidence suggests that diet can modulate endogenous microRNA (miRNA) expression. Changes in miRNA expression may affect metabolic processes and consequently be... (Review)
Review
The evidence suggests that diet can modulate endogenous microRNA (miRNA) expression. Changes in miRNA expression may affect metabolic processes and consequently be involved in health status and disease development. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize the evidence of the role of diet and specific food components in the regulation of miRNA expression and discuss its implications for human health and disease development. The PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases were searched in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines for relevant studies. A total of 32 interventional and 5 observational studies performed in adults and evaluating dietary modulation of miRNA expression were included. Energy- and fat-controlled diets along with plant-based foods show substantial evidence of modulating endogenous miRNA levels. Plasma, serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are the main sources used to measure miRNAs. A total of 108 miRNAs modulated by diet were identified. We confirmed that dietary habits are closely associated with the modulation of endogenous miRNAs. Particularly, energy content and fat intake appeared to be key factors influencing miRNA levels. Furthermore, since miRNAs are involved in the regulation of several biological processes, this modulatory process may affect health status and lead to metabolic disorders.
Topics: Adult; Humans; MicroRNAs; Leukocytes, Mononuclear; Diet
PubMed: 38542682
DOI: 10.3390/nu16060770 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Mar 2024: An extracellular vesicle is part of a class of submicron particles derived from cells, mediating cellular crosstalk through microRNA (miRNA). MiRNA is a group of RNA...
: An extracellular vesicle is part of a class of submicron particles derived from cells, mediating cellular crosstalk through microRNA (miRNA). MiRNA is a group of RNA molecules, each of which consists of 15-22 nucleotides and post-transcriptionally modulates gene expression. The complementary mRNAs-onto which the miRNAs hybridize-are involved in processes such as implantation, tumor suppression, proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis that define the entire tumor microenvironment. The endometrial biopsy is a standard technique used to recognize cellular atypia, but other non-invasive markers may reduce patient discomfort during the use of invasive methods. The present study aims to examine the distribution and the regulation of the differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) and EV-derived substances in women with endometrial cancer. : We systematically searched the PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and ScienceDirect databases in April 2023, adopted the string "Endometrial Neoplasms AND Exosomes", and followed the recommendations in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. We selected all the studies that included patients with endometrial cancer and that described the regulation of miRNA molecules in that context. The differences in molecule expression between patients and controls were evaluated as significant when the proteins had a fold change of ±1.5. : Seventeen records fulfilled the inclusion criteria: a total of 371 patients and 273 controls were analyzed. The upregulated molecules that had the widest delta between endometrial cancer patients and controls-relative expression ≥ 1 > 3 log2(ratio)-were miR-20b-5p, miR-204-5p, miR-15a-5p, and miR-320a. In particular, miR-20b-5p and miR-204-5p were extracted from both serum and endometrial specimens, whereas miR-15a-5p was only isolated from plasma, and miR-320a was only extracted from the endometrial specimens. In parallel, the most downregulated miRNA in the endometrial cancer patients compared to the healthy subjects was miR-320a, which was found in the endometrial specimens. : Although their epigenetic regulation remains unknown, these upregulated molecules derived from EVs are feasible markers for the early detection of endometrial cancer. The modulation of these miRNA molecules should be assessed during different treatments or if recurrence develops in response to a targeted treatment modality.
Topics: Female; Humans; Embryo Implantation; Endometrial Neoplasms; Endometrium; Epigenesis, Genetic; MicroRNAs; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 38541212
DOI: 10.3390/medicina60030486