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Obesity Science & Practice Jun 2024Overall, there is conflicting evidence regarding the beneficial effects of optimal lifestyle modification, particularly weight loss interventions, with nonalcoholic... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Overall, there is conflicting evidence regarding the beneficial effects of optimal lifestyle modification, particularly weight loss interventions, with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)). Therefore, this study investigated the effects of weight loss interventions on laboratory and clinical parameters in children and adolescents with NAFLD.
METHODS
Original databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and Embase) were searched using standard keywords to identify all controlled trials investigating the effects of weight loss interventions among NAFLD children and adolescents. Pooled weighted mean difference and 95% confidence intervals were achieved by random-effects model analysis.
RESULTS
Eighteen eligible clinical trials were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled findings showed that especially more intense weight loss interventions significantly reduced the glucose ( = 0.007), insulin ( = 0.002), homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) ( = 0.003), weight ( = 0.025), body mass index (BMI) ( = 0.003), BMI -score ( < 0.001), waist circumference (WC) ( = 0.013), triglyceride (TG) ( = 0.001), and aspartate transaminase (AST) ( = 0.027). However, no significant changes were found in total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), alanine transaminase (ALT), and hepatic steatosis grades (all > 0.05) following weight loss interventions.
CONCLUSIONS
Weight loss interventions had significant effects on NAFLD-related parameters including glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, weight, BMI, BMI z-score, WC, TG, and AST.
PubMed: 38682153
DOI: 10.1002/osp4.758 -
Environmental Pollution (Barking, Essex... Jun 2024Phthalates may be associated with an increased risk of cardiometabolic diseases by interfering with glucose and lipid metabolism and by promoting adipogenesis. This... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Phthalates may be associated with an increased risk of cardiometabolic diseases by interfering with glucose and lipid metabolism and by promoting adipogenesis. This study aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between phthalate exposure and subclinical carotid atherosclerosis, using surrogate markers such as carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and carotid plaques. The literature search was performed using four databases (Web of Science, Medline, PubMed, and Scopus), and this systematic review includes all available observational studies until July 6th, 2023. The Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tool was used to assess the risk of bias. Meta-analyses were performed, and random effects models were used. Six high-quality cross-sectional studies and 2570 participants aged 12 to 70 were included. Six phthalate metabolites showed significant associations with subclinical carotid atherosclerosis. Exposure to MBzP, ΣDEHP, and MnBP was associated with increased carotid IMT. Exposure to MEP was associated with a higher prevalence of carotid plaques, and MiBP was associated with a lower prevalence. Mixed results were observed for MMP in older adults. The meta-analyses showed a high degree of heterogeneity, and the results are based on single studies. This study accurately describes the evidence of this association to date, suggesting that phthalates are associated with increased carotid IMT and a higher prevalence of carotid plaques. Further research is needed to elucidate this association, as phthalates are still used in the manufacture of everyday products, humans continue to be exposed to them, and atherosclerosis is a public health concern.
Topics: Humans; Phthalic Acids; Carotid Artery Diseases; Environmental Exposure; Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; Environmental Pollutants; Adult; Aged; Middle Aged; Child; Adolescent; Young Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies
PubMed: 38677462
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124044 -
Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2024It has been suggested that silymarin (SIL) supplementation has positive effects on cardiovascular health and reduces the risk of cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS). This... (Review)
Review
It has been suggested that silymarin (SIL) supplementation has positive effects on cardiovascular health and reduces the risk of cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS). This systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis assessed the impacts of SIL administration on cardiovascular risk factors. A systematic search of multiple databases was performed to identify eligible controlled trials published up to January 2023. The analysis used a random-effects model and included 33 trials with 1943 participants. It was revealed that SIL supplementation led to a notable reduction in serum levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG) (weighted mean difference (WMD): -21.68 mg/dL, 95% CI: -31.37, -11.99; < 0.001), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (WMD: -1.25 mmHg; 95% CI: -2.25, -0.26; = 0.013), total cholesterol (TC) (WMD: -13.97 mg/dL, 95% CI: -23.09, -4.85; = 0.003), triglycerides (TG) (WMD: -26.22 mg/dL, 95% CI: -40.32, -12.12; < 0.001), fasting insulin (WMD: -3.76 mU/mL, 95% CI: -4.80, -2.72; < 0.001), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (WMD: -17.13 mg/dL, 95% CI: -25.63, -8.63; < 0.001), and hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) (WMD: -0.85%, 95% CI: -1.27, -0.43; < 0.001) in the SIL-treated groups compared to their untreated counterparts. In addition, there were no substantial differences in body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), C-reactive protein (CRP), body weight, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) between the two groups. These outcomes suggest that SIL consumption reduces certain CMS risk factors and has favorable impacts on lipid and glycemic profiles with potential hypotensive effects. These findings should be supported by additional trials with larger sample sizes and longer durations.
PubMed: 38671838
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040390 -
Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome Apr 2024The global prevalence of obesity and overweight is a significant concern in the field of public health. However, addressing and combating these conditions pose...
BACKGROUND
The global prevalence of obesity and overweight is a significant concern in the field of public health. However, addressing and combating these conditions pose considerable challenges. Numerous interventional studies have been conducted to assess the possible impact of bupropion on weight reduction. The primary objective of this study was to conduct a comprehensive investigation into the effects of bupropiona alone and in combination with naltrexone on weight, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumferences (WC).
METHODS
A systematic search was conducted in five databases using established keywords. The purpose of this search was to uncover controlled trials that examined the impact of bupropion, either as a standalone intervention or in combination with naltrexone, on weight loss outcomes. The random-effects model analysis was used to provide pooled weighted mean difference and 95% confidence intervals.
RESULTS
Twenty five studies with 22,165 participants' were included in this article. The pooled findings showed that bupropion administration has an effect on lowering weight (WMD: -3.67 kg, 95% CI: -4.43 to -2.93) and WC (WMD: -2.98 cm, 95% CI -3.78 to -2.19) in compared with control groups. The analysis also showed that the effects of the present intervention on weight and WC during the intervention are > 26 weeks and ≤ 26 weeks compared to the other group, respectively. In addition, changes in weight loss and WC after receiving bupropion together with naltrexone were more compared to bupropion alone.
CONCLUSIONS
In conclusion, the addition of combination therapies like bupropion and naltrexone to lifestyle modifications including diet would cause significant weight loss.
PubMed: 38658994
DOI: 10.1186/s13098-024-01319-7 -
Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics Aug 2024Sarcopenic obesity significantly burdens health and autonomy. Strategies to intervene in or prevent sarcopenic obesity generally focus on losing body fat and building or...
Analysis of behavioral change techniques used in exercise and nutritional interventions targeting adults around retirement age with sarcopenic obesity in a systematic review.
BACKGROUND
Sarcopenic obesity significantly burdens health and autonomy. Strategies to intervene in or prevent sarcopenic obesity generally focus on losing body fat and building or maintaining muscle mass and function. For a lifestyle intervention, it is important to consider psychological aspects such as behavioral change techniques (BCTs) to elicit a long-lasting behavioral change.
PURPOSE
The study was carried out to analyze BCTs used in exercise and nutritional interventions targeting community-dwelling adults around retirement age with sarcopenic obesity.
METHODS
We conducted an analysis of articles cited in an existing systematic review on the effectiveness of exercise and nutritional interventions on physiological outcomes in community-dwelling adults around retirement age with sarcopenic obesity. We identified BCTs used in these studies by applying a standardized taxonomy.
RESULTS
Only nine BCTs were identified. Most BCTs were not used intentionally (82 %), and those used derived from the implementation of lifestyle components, such as exercise classes ("instructions on how to perform a behavior," "demonstration of the behavior," "behavioral practice/rehearsal," and "body changes"). Only two studies used BCTs intentionally to reinforce adherence in their interventions.
CONCLUSIONS
Few studies integrated BCTs in lifestyle interventions for community-dwelling persons around retirement age with sarcopenic obesity. Future studies on interventions to counteract sarcopenic obesity should include well-established BCTs to foster adherence and, therefore, their effectiveness.
Topics: Aged; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Behavior Therapy; Exercise; Independent Living; Life Style; Obesity; Retirement; Sarcopenia
PubMed: 38653002
DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2024.105437 -
Frontiers in Nutrition 2024Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex hormonal disorder that leads to ovarian cysts, irregular ovulation, and hormonal swings in women. It is a complex and...
Effect of calorie restriction and intermittent fasting on glucose homeostasis, lipid profile, inflammatory, and hormonal markers in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex hormonal disorder that leads to ovarian cysts, irregular ovulation, and hormonal swings in women. It is a complex and heterogeneous condition that affects 4 to 20% of women of reproductive age worldwide and relates to reproductive, metabolic, and psychosocial dysfunction. Dietary and lifestyle modifications have been proposed to play a central role in the management of PCOS. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive systemic overview of the existing literature on the effects of intermittent fasting (IF) and calorie restriction (CR) regimens on disease markers of PCOS.
DESIGNS AND METHODS
Several databases, such as CINAHL, Cochrane, EBSCOhost, EMBASE, Google Scholar, ProQuest Medical, PubMed/MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched for clinical trials and observational studies examined the effects of IF regimens such as time-restricted eating and Ramadan model of IF (RIF) on glucose homeostasis, lipid profile, inflammatory and hormonal markers in patients with PCOS.
RESULTS
This systematic review solicited three articles, comprising a collective sample size of 75 females diagnosed with PCOS. The studies were published between 2015 to 2023 and were undertaken in three countries: China, Turkey, and Iran. The research articles examined the effects of intervention with IF and CR on PCOS-related parameters such as anthropometric measures and biochemical tests which included enzymes, glycemic control, lipid profile, hormonal, and oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers. The articles yielded mixed results, with two of them showing significant changes across all tested parameters. One of the three studies did not exhibit any significant changes.
CONCLUSION
Very limited studies examined the relationship between IR and CR with markers of PCOS. Further well-controlled studies need to be undertaken the combined results from the limited studies illustrate the intricate and diverse nature of IF, including the RIF, and its influence on measurements of body composition and biochemical markers related to PCOS.
PubMed: 38646104
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1362226 -
Appetite Aug 2024Eating behaviour that does not centralise weight, otherwise known as weight-neutral, is associated with improved physical and psychological health, and greater health... (Review)
Review
Eating behaviour that does not centralise weight, otherwise known as weight-neutral, is associated with improved physical and psychological health, and greater health promoting behaviours. However, consolidated evidence is lacking. This study aimed to systematically evaluate 'health-centric' eating behaviour reflective of weight-neutral approaches, and their relationship with health (physical and mental) and health promoting behaviours. A systematic search was performed, identifying observational studies with adult populations, ≥1 physical/mental health outcome(s), and ≥1 validated measure(s) of health-centric eating behaviour. Study design, sample characteristics and outcomes were extracted and characterised into four domains. Our search identified 8281 records, with 86 studies, 75 unique datasets, and 78 unique exposures including 94,710 individuals. Eating behaviours included intuitive eating (n = 48), mindful eating (n = 19), and eating competence (n = 11). There were 298 outcomes identified for body composition, size, and physical health (n = 116), mental health and wellbeing (n = 123), health promoting behaviours (n = 51) and other eating behaviour (n = 8). Higher levels of intuitive eating, mindful eating and eating competence were significantly related to a lower BMI, better diet quality and greater physical activity. Higher intuitive and mindful eating were significantly related to lower levels of disordered eating, and depressive symptoms, and greater body image, self-compassion, and mindfulness. Greater eating competence and intuitive eating were significantly related to higher fruit and vegetable intake, and greater eating competence to higher fibre intake and better sleep quality. Our results demonstrate that 'health-centric' eating behaviours are related to a range of favourable health outcomes and engagement in health promoting behaviours. These findings help to enhance our understanding of eating behaviours that do not centre around body weight, providing support for health-centric eating behaviour in healthcare. Future research should focus on intervention studies and more diverse population groups.
Topics: Humans; Observational Studies as Topic; Feeding Behavior; Adult; Female; Health Behavior; Male; Middle Aged; Mental Health; Diet, Healthy; Exercise; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Diet; Mindfulness; Body Composition; Young Adult; Health Status; Aged
PubMed: 38643903
DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107361 -
Communications Medicine Apr 2024Lifestyle choices, metformin, and dietary supplements may prevent GDM, but the effect of intervention characteristics has not been identified. This review evaluated...
BACKGROUND
Lifestyle choices, metformin, and dietary supplements may prevent GDM, but the effect of intervention characteristics has not been identified. This review evaluated intervention characteristics to inform the implementation of GDM prevention interventions.
METHODS
Ovid, MEDLINE/PubMed, and EMBASE databases were searched. The Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) framework was used to examine intervention characteristics (who, what, when, where, and how). Subgroup analysis was performed by intervention characteristics.
RESULTS
116 studies involving 40,940 participants are included. Group-based physical activity interventions (RR 0.66; 95% CI 0.46, 0.95) reduce the incidence of GDM compared with individual or mixed (individual and group) delivery format (subgroup p-value = 0.04). Physical activity interventions delivered at healthcare facilities reduce the risk of GDM (RR 0.59; 95% CI 0.49, 0.72) compared with home-based interventions (subgroup p-value = 0.03). No other intervention characteristics impact the effectiveness of all other interventions.
CONCLUSIONS
Dietary, physical activity, diet plus physical activity, metformin, and myoinositol interventions reduce the incidence of GDM compared with control interventions. Group and healthcare facility-based physical activity interventions show better effectiveness in preventing GDM than individual and community-based interventions. Other intervention characteristics (e.g. utilization of e-health) don't impact the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions, and thus, interventions may require consideration of the local context.
PubMed: 38643248
DOI: 10.1038/s43856-024-00491-1 -
Advances in Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) Apr 2024Food and nutrition insecurity disproportionately impact low-income households in the United States, contributing to higher rates of chronic diseases among this... (Review)
Review
Food and nutrition insecurity disproportionately impact low-income households in the United States, contributing to higher rates of chronic diseases among this population. Addressing this challenge is complex because of various factors affecting the availability and accessibility of nutritious food. Short value chain (SVC) models, informally known as local food systems, offer a systemic approach that aims to optimize resources and align values throughout and beyond the food supply chain. Although specific SVC interventions, such as farmers markets, have been studied individually, a comprehensive review of SVC models was pursued to evaluate their relative impact on food security, fruit and vegetable intake, diet quality, health-related markers, and barriers and facilitators to participation among low-income households. Our systematic literature search identified 37 articles representing 34 studies from 2000-2020. Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-method studies revealed that farmers market interventions had been evaluated more extensively than other SVC models (i.e., produce prescription programs, community-supported agriculture, mobile markets, food hubs, farm stands, and farm-to-school). Fruit and vegetable intake was the most measured outcome; other outcomes were less explored or not measured at all. Qualitative insights highlighted common barriers to SVC use, such as lack of program awareness, limited accessibility, and cultural incongruence, whereas facilitators included health-promoting environments, community cohesion, financial incentives, and high-quality produce. Social marketing and dynamic nutrition education appeared to yield positive program outcomes. Financial incentives were used in many studies, warranting further investigation into optimal amounts across varying environmental contexts. SVC models are increasingly germane to national goals across the agriculture, social, and health care sectors. This review advances the understanding of key knowledge gaps related to their implementation and impact; it emphasizes the need for research to analyze SVC potential comprehensively across the rural-urban continuum and among diverse communities through long-term studies of measurable health impact and mixed-method studies investigating implementation best practices. This trial was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42020206532.
Topics: Humans; Nutritional Status; Fruit; Poverty; Agriculture; Farms
PubMed: 38616069
DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.100156 -
BMC Women's Health Apr 2024People with polycystic ovary syndrome suffer from many symptoms and are at risk of developing diseases such as hypertension and diabetes in the future. Therefore, the...
BACKGROUND
People with polycystic ovary syndrome suffer from many symptoms and are at risk of developing diseases such as hypertension and diabetes in the future. Therefore, the importance of self-care doubles. It is mainly to modify the lifestyle, especially following the principles of healthy eating. The purpose of this study is to review artificial intelligence-based systems for providing management recommendations, especially food recommendations.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This study started by searching three databases: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, from inception until 6 June 2023. The result was the retrieval of 15,064 articles. First, we removed duplicate studies. After the title and abstract screening, 119 articles remained. Finally, after reviewing the full text of the articles and considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 20 studies were selected for the study. To assess the quality of articles, we used criteria proposed by Malhotra, Wen, and Kitchenham. Out of the total number of included studies, seventeen studies were high quality, while three studies were moderate quality.
RESULTS
Most studies were conducted in India in 2021. Out of all the studies, diagnostic recommendation systems were the most frequently researched, accounting for 86% of the total. Precision, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were more common than other performance metrics. The most significant challenge or limitation encountered in these studies was the small sample size.
CONCLUSION
Recommender systems based on artificial intelligence can help in fields such as prediction, diagnosis, and management of polycystic ovary syndrome. Therefore, since there are no nutritional recommendation systems for these patients in Iran, this study can serve as a starting point for such research.
Topics: Female; Humans; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Artificial Intelligence; Diet, Healthy; Hypertension; India
PubMed: 38610020
DOI: 10.1186/s12905-024-03074-3