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High CASC expression predicts poor prognosis of lung cancer: A systematic review with meta-analysis.PloS One 2024The long non-coding RNA cancer susceptibility candidate (CASC) has abnormal expression in lung cancer tissues and may correlate with lung cancer prognosis. This study... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
The long non-coding RNA cancer susceptibility candidate (CASC) has abnormal expression in lung cancer tissues and may correlate with lung cancer prognosis. This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the association between CASC expression and the cancer prognosis.
METHODS
PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases were searched until April 1, 2023, to obtain the relevant literature. Studies that met the predefined eligibility criteria were included, and their quality was independently assessed by 2 investigators according to the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) score. Detailed information was obtained, such as first author, year of publication, and number of patients. Hazard ratio (HR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was extracted and grouped to assess the relationship between CASC expression and cancer prognosis. The dichotomous data was merged and shown as the odds ratio (OR) with a 95% CI was extracted to assess the relationship between CASC expression and clinicopathological parameters.
RESULTS
A total of 12 studies with 746 patients with lung cancer were included in the meta-analysis. The expression levels of lncRNA CASC2 and CASC7 were decreased, while those of CASC9, 11, 15, and 19 were induced in lung cancer tissues compared with paracancerous tissues. In the population with low CASC expression (CASC2 and CASC7), high CASC expression indicated a good lung cancer prognosis (HR = 0.469; 95% CI, 0.271-0.668). Conversely, in the population with high CASC expression (CASC9, 11, 15, and 19), high CASC expression predicted a poor lung cancer outcome (HR = 1.910; 95% CI, 1.628-2.192). High CASC expression also predicted worse disease-free survival (DFS) (HR = 2.803; 95% CI, 1.804-6.319). Combined OR with 95% CI revealed an insignificant positive association between high CASC expression and advanced TNM stage (OR = 1.061; 95% CI, 0.775-1.454), LNM (OR = 0.962; 95% CI, 0.724-1.277), tumor size (OR = 0.942; 95% CI, 0.667-1.330), and histological grade (OR = 1.022; 95% CI, 0.689-1.517).
CONCLUSION
The CASC expression levels negatively correlate with lung cancer prognosis. Therefore, CASC expression may serve as a prognostic marker and a potential therapeutic target for lung cancer.
Topics: Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Neoplasms; Prognosis; Proportional Hazards Models; Disease-Free Survival; RNA, Long Noncoding; Biomarkers, Tumor
PubMed: 38573879
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292726 -
JMIR Public Health and Surveillance Apr 2024Diabetes mellitus (DM) increases the risk of developing tuberculosis (TB), and optimal glycemic control has been shown to reduce the risk of complications and improve... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Diabetes mellitus (DM) increases the risk of developing tuberculosis (TB), and optimal glycemic control has been shown to reduce the risk of complications and improve the TB treatment outcomes in patients with DM.
OBJECTIVE
This study aims to investigate the role of glycemic control in improving TB treatment outcomes among patients with DM.
METHODS
MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the impact of oral glycemic control in patients with TB who have DM. Outcomes of interest were radiological findings, treatment success, sputum positivity, and mortality. Evaluations were reported as risk ratios (RRs) with 95% CIs using weighted random-effects models.
RESULTS
The analysis included 6919 patients from 7 observational studies. Our meta-analysis showed significant differences between patients with optimal glycemic control and those with poor glycemic control with regard to improved treatment outcomes (RR 1.13, 95% CI 1.02-1.25; P=.02; I²=65%), reduced sputum positivity (RR 0.23, 95% CI 0.09-0.61; P=.003; I²=66%), and fewer cavitary lesions (RR 0.59, 95% CI 0.51-0.68; P<.001; I²=0%) in radiological findings. There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in terms of mortality (RR 0.57, 95% CI 0.22-1.49; P=.25; I²=0%), multilobar involvement (RR 0.57, 95% CI 0.22-1.49; P=.25; I²=0%) on radiologic examination, and upper lobe (RR 0.94, 95% CI 0.76-1.17; P=.58; I²=0%) and lower lobe (RR 1.05, 95% CI 0.48-2.30; P=.91; I²=75%) involvement on radiologic examination.
CONCLUSIONS
We concluded that optimal glycemic control is crucial for reducing susceptibility, minimizing complications, and improving treatment outcomes in patients with TB with DM. Emphasizing effective health management and health care strategies are essential in achieving this control. Integrating comprehensive care among patients with TB with DM will enhance patient outcomes and alleviate the burden of disease in this population.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
PROSPERO CRD42023427362; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=427362.
Topics: Humans; Glycemic Control; Diabetes Mellitus; Databases, Factual; Treatment Outcome; Tuberculosis
PubMed: 38564244
DOI: 10.2196/53948 -
Frontiers in Genetics 2024There is a growing body of evidence indicating a possible association between genetic variations and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), although the... (Review)
Review
There is a growing body of evidence indicating a possible association between genetic variations and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), although the results have been inconsistent. The objective of this study was to evaluate the correlation between the GRIN2A, GRIN2B and GRM7 gene polymorphisms and ADHD. A comprehensive meta-analysis and subgroup evaluation was conducted using a fixed-effects model to analyze the association between ADHD and GRIN2B (rs2284411), GRIN2A (rs2229193), and GRM7 (rs3792452) in six genetic models (dominant, recessive, overdominant, homozygous, heterozygous, and allele models). The meta-analysis comprised 8 studies. The overall analysis showed that the GRIN2B rs2284411 T allele and T carries were significantly associated with a decreased risk of ADHD (dominant model:TT + CT vs. CC: OR = 0.783; 95% CI: 0.627-0.980; = 0.032, allele model:T vs. C: OR = 0.795; 95% CI: 0.656-0.964; = 0.019), especially in the Korean subgroup (dominant model:TT + CT vs. CC: OR = 0.640; 95% CI: 0.442-0.928; = 0.019, overdominant model: CT vs. TT + CC: OR = 0.641; 95% CI: 0.438-0.938; = 0.022, allele model:T vs. C: OR = 0.712; 95% CI: 0.521-0.974; = 0.034 and heterozygous model: CT vs. CC: OR = 0.630; 95% CI: 0.429-0.925; = 0.018). However, no meaningful associations were found for rs2229193 and rs3792452. The results of the meta-analysis provide strong evidence that the rs2284411 T allele is significantly associated with reduced susceptibility to ADHD, particularly in the Korean population.
PubMed: 38544802
DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1348387 -
Vaccines Feb 2024Childhood influenza vaccination coverage remains low in lower/middle-income countries. This systematic review aims to identify influencing factors around childhood... (Review)
Review
Childhood influenza vaccination coverage remains low in lower/middle-income countries. This systematic review aims to identify influencing factors around childhood influenza vaccination. A systematic literature review was conducted and included empirical studies with original data that investigated factors influencing childhood influenza vaccination. We searched MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMBASE, CINAHL Plus, Global Health, PsycINFO, and two Chinese databases, China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database and Chongqing VIP, using a combination of the key terms 'childhood', 'influenza', 'vaccination', and related syntax for all peer-reviewed publications published before December 2019. Thirty studies were included in the analysis. Childhood influenza vaccination was positively associated with caregivers' knowledge of influenza vaccine, positive vaccine attitudes, self-efficacy, perceived susceptibility and severity of influenza, believing in the efficacy of influenza vaccine, the worry of getting sick, healthcare workers' recommendations, and previous influenza vaccination experiences. Barriers included the fear of safety and side effects of the vaccine, as well as poor access to vaccination service. To improve childhood influenza vaccine uptake, health education is necessary to address caregivers' lack of confidence on vaccine safety. Future studies are needed to investigate influencing factors around healthcare workers' vaccination recommendation behaviors and the impact of contextual factors on public vaccination behaviors.
PubMed: 38543867
DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12030233 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Mar 2024: Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER), the most extensively researched DNA repair mechanism, is responsible for repairing a variety of DNA damages, and Xeroderma... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
: Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER), the most extensively researched DNA repair mechanism, is responsible for repairing a variety of DNA damages, and Xeroderma Pigmentosum (XP) genes participate in NER. Herein, we aimed to update the previous results with a meta-analysis evaluating the association of XPA, XPB/ERCC3, XPF/ERCC4, and XPG/ERCC5 polymorphisms with the susceptibility to HNC. : PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases were searched without any restrictions until 18 November 2023 to find relevant studies. The Review Manager 5.3 (RevMan 5.3) software was utilized to compute the effect sizes, which were expressed as the odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). : Nineteen articles were involved in the systematic review and meta-analysis that included thirty-nine studies involving ten polymorphisms. The results reported that the CC genotype of polymorphism showed a significantly decreased risk of HNC in the recessive model (OR: 0.89; 95%CI: 0.81, 0.99; -value is 0.03). In addition, the CT genotype (OR: 0.65; 95%CI: 0.48, 0.89; -value is 0.008) of the polymorphism was associated with a decreased risk, and the T allele (OR: 1.28; 95%CI: 1.05, 1.57; -value is 0.02), the TT (OR: 1.74; 95%CI: 1.10, 2.74; -value is 0.02), and the TT + CT (OR: 2.22; 95%CI: 1.04, 4.74; -value is 0.04) genotypes were associated with an increased risk of HNC. : The analysis identified two polymorphisms, and , as being significantly associated with the risk of HNC. The study underscored the influence of various factors, such as the type of cancer, ethnicity, source of control, and sample size on these associations.
Topics: Humans; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Genotype; Carcinoma; Case-Control Studies; Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group A Protein
PubMed: 38541204
DOI: 10.3390/medicina60030478 -
BMC Oral Health Mar 2024Orphan children represent a category of children who lost their family support. Their health status is poorer when compared to their parented counterparts. As the most... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Orphan children represent a category of children who lost their family support. Their health status is poorer when compared to their parented counterparts. As the most prevalent disease in the world, dental caries is expected to affect orphans greatly. Being vulnerable, health status of orphan children must be monitored and studied; so that health improvement plans would be formulated. Therefore, this systematic review focuses on the extent of the dental caries problem among institutionalized orphan children and its determinants.
METHODS
The review has two outcomes: comparing caries experience of institutionalized children to their parented counterparts, and reviewing the determinants of caries in the exposure group. Two systematic searches (one for each outcome) were run on MedLine via PubMed, Cochrane library, LILACS, Egyptian knowledge bank (EKB) and Google Scholar; beside hand search and searching grey literature.
RESULTS
The searches yielded 17,760, followed by 16,242 records for the first and second outcomes respectively. The full text was screened for 33 and 103 records for the two outcomes respectively; after translating non-English reports. Finally, the review included 9 records to address the first outcome and 21 records for the second. The pooled results showed that the exposure group may show slightly poorer caries experience regarding permanent teeth (pooled mean difference of DMF = 0.09 (-0.36, 0.55)); but they have a much poorer caries experience regarding primary teeth health (pooled mean difference of dmf = (0.64 (-0.74, 2.01)). Meta-analysis of the caries determinants showed that institutionalization increases the risk of caries by 19%. Gender showed slight effect on caries risk with males being more affected; while primary teeth revealed higher risk of caries when compared to permanent teeth.
CONCLUSION
Limited by the heterogeneity and risk of bias of the included studies, meta-analyses concluded that institutionalized orphan children have higher risk of caries. Yet, the institutionalization circumstances were not well-documented in all the included studies. So, the complete picture of the children's condition was not possibly sketched.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
Protocol has been registered online on the PROSPERO database with an ID CRD42023443582 on 24/07/2023.
Topics: Child; Male; Humans; Dental Caries; Prevalence; Dental Caries Susceptibility; Dentition, Permanent
PubMed: 38528487
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04125-9 -
International Journal of... 2024The impact of interleukin-10 (IL-10) gene promoter polymorphisms (SNPs) on treatment response in HCV patients was dissimilarly estimated. Hence, the aim of this... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
The impact of interleukin-10 (IL-10) gene promoter polymorphisms (SNPs) on treatment response in HCV patients was dissimilarly estimated. Hence, the aim of this meta-analysis was to robustly assess the effect of IL-10 SNPs on treatment response in HCV patients. An electronic literature search was carried out through PubMed, EMBASE, Web of science, and Scopus databases. Studies assessing the association between IL-10 polymorphisms and treatment response in HCV patients were included. Studies were excluded if genotype frequencies are not consistent with the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) or in case of including patients with hepatitis B virus coinfection. Risk of bias in included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Meta-analyses were performed for the influence of IL-10 gene promoter SNPs (rs1800896 (-1082 A/G), rs1800871 (-819 C/T), and rs1800872 (-592 C/T)) and haplotypes on treatment response in HCV patients. Subgroup analyses, meta-regressions, publication bias assessment, and sensitivity analyses were also conducted. Overall, 32 studies with a total of 5943 HCV cases and 2697 controls were included in the present study. The -1082*G allele was significantly associated with increased risk of non-response (NR) to treatment, OR [95% CI] = 1.29 [1.1-1.51], = .002. Besides, the rs1800872 -592*C allele was significantly associated with increased NR risk, OR [95% CI] = 1.22 [1.02-1.46], = .03. Subgroup analysis showed that this association remained significant only in patients treated with PEG-IFN alone, = .01. The -1082*G/-819*C/-592*C (GCC) haplotype was significantly associated with increased NR risk, OR [95% CI] = 1.62 [1.13-2.23], = .009. Our results suggest that the IL-10 rs1800896 was associated with NR risk especially in North-African and Asian populations. Moreover, the IL-10 gene promoter -1082*G/-819*C/-592*C (GCC) haplotype which has been associated with higher production of IL-10, was significantly associated with increased NR risk.
Topics: Humans; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genotype; Hepatitis C; Interleukin-10; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Promoter Regions, Genetic
PubMed: 38520313
DOI: 10.1177/03946320241240705 -
European Journal of Medical Research Mar 2024A detailed understanding of the genetic basis of cancer is of great interest to public health monitoring programs. Although many studies have been conducted in Brazil, a...
BACKGROUND
A detailed understanding of the genetic basis of cancer is of great interest to public health monitoring programs. Although many studies have been conducted in Brazil, a global view on the molecular profile related to hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) in this large and heterogeneous population is lacking.
METHODS
A systematic review following the PRISMA guidelines was conducted in three electronic databases (PubMed, BIREME and SciELO). Brazilian studies covering molecular analysis of genes related to HBOC, published until December 2023, were considered.
RESULTS
We identified 35 original studies that met all the inclusion criteria. A total of 137 distinct mutations were found in the BRCA1 gene, but four of them corresponded to 44.5% of all mutations found in this gene. The c.5266dupC BRCA1 mutation was responsible for 26.8% of all pathogenic mutations found in the BRCA1 gene in patients with clinical criteria for HBOC from the Brazilian population. Considering all studies that track this mutation in the BRCA1 gene, we found a frequency of 2% (120/6008) for this mutation in Brazilian patients. In the BRCA2 gene, the four most frequent mutations corresponded to 29.2% of pathogenic mutations. Even though it was tracked by few studies, the c.156_157insAlu mutation was responsible for 9.6% of all pathogenic mutations reported in the BRCA2 gene. Seventeen studies found pathogenic mutations in other non-BRCA genes, the c.1010G > A mutation in the TP53 gene being the most frequent one. Considering all studies that screened for this specific mutation in patients with the clinical criteria for HBOC, the frequency of c.1010G > A was estimated at 1.83% (61/3336).
CONCLUSIONS
Despite significant molecular heterogeneity among mutations in HBOC patients from Brazil, three mutations deserve to be highlighted, c.5266dupC, c.156_157insAlu and c.1010G > A in the BRCA1, BRCA2 and TP53 genes, respectively. With more than 200 records, these three mutations play a vital role in the pathology of breast and ovarian cancer in Brazil. The data collected shed light on the subject, but there is still not enough data from certain subpopulations.
Topics: Female; Humans; Brazil; Breast Neoplasms; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Germ-Line Mutation; Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Syndrome; Mutation; Ovarian Neoplasms
PubMed: 38504328
DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01767-x -
International Journal of Antimicrobial... May 2024Intracellular human pathogens are the deadliest infectious diseases and are difficult to treat effectively due to their protection inside the host cell and the... (Review)
Review
Intracellular human pathogens are the deadliest infectious diseases and are difficult to treat effectively due to their protection inside the host cell and the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). An emerging approach to combat these intracellular pathogens is host-directed therapies (HDT), which harness the innate immunity of host cells. HDT rely on small molecules to promote host protection mechanisms that ultimately lead to pathogen clearance. These therapies are hypothesized to: (1) possess indirect yet broad, cross-species antimicrobial activity, (2) effectively target drug-resistant pathogens, (3) carry a reduced susceptibility to the development of AMR and (4) have synergistic action with conventional antimicrobials. As the field of HDT expands, this systematic review was conducted to collect a compendium of HDT and their characteristics, such as the host mechanisms affected, the pathogen inhibited, the concentrations investigated and the magnitude of pathogen inhibition. The evidential support for the main four HDT hypotheses was assessed and concluded that HDT demonstrate robust cross-species activity, are active against AMR pathogens, clinical isolates and laboratory-adapted pathogens. However, limited information exists to support the notion that HDT are synergistic with canonical antimicrobials and are less predisposed to AMR development.
Topics: Humans; Immunity, Innate; Anti-Infective Agents; Drug Synergism; Bacteria; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Host-Pathogen Interactions
PubMed: 38490573
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2024.107138 -
Journal of Neurology Jun 2024Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a rare disorder causing ischemic and hemorrhagic juvenile stroke. It is associated with the founder susceptibility variant p.R4810K in the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a rare disorder causing ischemic and hemorrhagic juvenile stroke. It is associated with the founder susceptibility variant p.R4810K in the RNF213 gene in East Asia. Our aim was to enhance understanding of MMD in so far poorly characterized Southeast Asians and exploring differences with Caucasian Europeans.
METHODS
By retrospective analysis of medical records and systematic database search on PubMed for all published cases, we identified Southeast Asian patients with MMD. We extracted and pooled proportions using fixed-effects models. Our own cohort was tested for the East Asian RNF213 founder variant p.R4810K. One of our Southeast Asian patients underwent post-mortem histopathological examination.
RESULTS
The study cohort comprised 32 Southeast Asians. Mean age at onset in the entire cohort was 32.5 ± 20.3 years (n = 24), 43.4 ± 8.7 years in patients admitted to our center (n = 11), and 23.4 ± 22.4 years in patients from the international literature (n = 13). Female-to-male ratio was 1.6:1. MMD predominantly affected bilateral anterior intracranial vessels. Cerebral ischemia outnumbered transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) and intracranial hemorrhage. TIAs, arterial hypertension and obesity were significantly less frequent in Southeast Asian patients compared to Caucasian Europeans. p.R4810K was absent in all examined Southeast Asians despite of typical histopathological signs of MMD in one autopsy case.
CONCLUSION
Clinical and histopathological manifestations of MMD in Southeast Asians are similar to those in Caucasian Europeans. The genotype of MMD in Southeast Asians differs from that of most East Asian patients.
Topics: Moyamoya Disease; Humans; Male; Female; Adult; Autopsy; Middle Aged; Young Adult; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; Asia, Southeastern; Asian People; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Retrospective Studies; Adolescent; Southeast Asian People
PubMed: 38478032
DOI: 10.1007/s00415-024-12228-0