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Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience 2022As a non-pharmacological therapy, acupuncture has significant efficacy in treating Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) compared to pharmacological therapies. In recent...
BACKGROUND
As a non-pharmacological therapy, acupuncture has significant efficacy in treating Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) compared to pharmacological therapies. In recent years, advances in neuroimaging techniques have provided new perspectives to elucidate the central mechanisms of acupuncture for MCI. Many acupuncture brain imaging studies have found significant improvements in brain function after acupuncture treatment of MCI, but the underlying mechanisms of brain regions modulation are unclear.
OBJECTIVE
A meta-analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies of MCI patients treated with acupuncture was conducted to summarize the effects of acupuncture on the modulation of MCI brain regions from a neuroimaging perspective.
METHODS
Using acupuncture, neuroimaging, magnetic resonance, and Mild Cognitive Impairment as search terms, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE), Google Scholar, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Biology Medicine disk (CBM disk), Wanfang and Chinese Scientific Journal Database (VIP) for brain imaging studies on acupuncture on MCI published up to April 2022. Voxel-based neuroimaging meta-analysis of fMRI data was performed using voxel-based d Mapping with Permutation of Subject Images (SDM-PSI), allowing for Family-Wise Error Rate (FWER) correction correction for correction multiple comparisons of results. Subgroup analysis was used to compare the differences in brain regions between the acupuncture treatment group and other control groups. Meta-regression was used to explore demographic information and altered cognitive function effects on brain imaging outcomes. Linear models were drawn using MATLAB 2017a, and visual graphs for quality evaluation were produced using R software and RStudio software.
RESULTS
A total of seven studies met the inclusion criteria, with 94 patients in the treatment group and 112 patients in the control group. All studies were analyzed using the regional homogeneity (ReHo) method. The experimental design of fMRI included six task state studies and one resting-state study. The meta-analysis showed that MCI patients had enhanced activity in the right insula, left anterior cingulate/paracingulate gyri, right thalamus, right middle frontal gyrus, right median cingulate/paracingulate gyri, and right middle temporal gyrus brain regions after acupuncture treatment. Further analysis of RCT and longitudinal studies showed that Reho values were significantly elevated in two brain regions, the left anterior cingulate/paracingulate gyrus and the right insula, after acupuncture. The MCI group showed stronger activity in the right supramarginal gyrus after acupuncture treatment compared to healthy controls. Meta-regression analysis showed that the right anterior thalamic projection ReHo index was significantly correlated with the MMSE score after acupuncture treatment in all MCI patients.
CONCLUSIONS
Acupuncture therapy has a modulating effect on the brain regions of MCI patients. However, due to the inadequate experimental design of neuroimaging studies, multi-center neuroimaging studies with large samples are needed better to understand the potential neuroimaging mechanisms of acupuncture for MCI. In addition, machine learning algorithm-based predictive models for evaluating the efficacy of acupuncture for MCI may become a focus of future research.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022287826, identifier: CRD 42022287826.
PubMed: 36212046
DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.914049 -
Frontiers in Medicine 2022Parkinson's disease (PD) is a multifaceted neurodegenerative disease. The optic nerve, as a window into the central nervous system (CNS), is known to be an important...
BACKGROUND
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a multifaceted neurodegenerative disease. The optic nerve, as a window into the central nervous system (CNS), is known to be an important part of the CNS and can be detected non-invasively. With the widespread availability of optical coherence tomography (OCT) devices, an increasing number of studies have paid attention to the neuropathological disorders in the retina of PD patients in recent years. However, it is still controversial whether OCT can be used as a complementary tool for PD diagnosis.
METHODS
This review is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42022301258. The Embase, PUBMED, and The Cochrane Library databases were independently retrieved by 2 investigators to identify relevant papers published from 1 January 2017 to 24 January 2022. These studies used OCT or OCTA to evaluate the difference in the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, ganglion cell layer(GCL) thickness, macula thickness, Cup and disk area superficial retinal capillary plexus (SCP), and deep retinal capillary plexus(DCP). The standard mean difference (SMD) with the 95% confidence interval (CI) was pooled for continuous outcomes.
RESULTS
In total, 26 studies had been enrolled in this meta-analysis with a total number of 2,790 eyes, including 1,343 eyes from the PD group along with 1,447 eyes from the HC group. The results revealed that the RNFL thickness (SMD: -0.53; 95%CI, -0.71∼-0.35; < 0.00001), GCL thickness (SMD: -0.43; 95%CI, -0.66 to -0.19; = 0.0003), macula thickness (SMD: -0.22; 95%CI, -0.22 to -0.11; < 0.0001) were significantly thinner in patients with PD. The SCP (SMD: -0.61; 95%CI, -1.31to -0.10; = 0.02) was significantly lower in PD patients. The DCP (SMD: -0.48; 95%CI, -1.02 to -0.06; = 0.08) is lower in PD patients, but the difference was statistically insignificant.
CONCLUSION
Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, GCL thickness, macular thickness, and SVD of PD patients are lower than those of healthy control. OCT and OCTA could detect morphological retinal changes in PD and might be objective and reproducible auxiliary tools to assist clinician diagnosis.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
[https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/], identifier [CRD42022301258].
PubMed: 36186761
DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.957700 -
Clinical Oral Investigations Nov 2022To identify the antifungal susceptibility profile of Candida spp. isolated from the human oral cavity was assessed with meta-analyses of observational studies that... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
AIM
To identify the antifungal susceptibility profile of Candida spp. isolated from the human oral cavity was assessed with meta-analyses of observational studies that collected samples from the oral cavity of human subjects.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Isolated Candida albicans tested by E-test®; disk diffusion test; microdilution and macrodilution; Sensititre YeastOne; and/or FungiTest. Search strategies were conducted on the MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Dentistry, and Oral Sciences, Central, Scopus, and LILACS databases, and gray literature sources. Articles were initially screened by title and then their abstracts. Articles that met the conditions for inclusion were read in full, followed by data extraction. A descriptive analysis was conducted of each study, and the data were tabulated. A first meta-analysis was conducted to assess the resistance of antifungals regardless of systemic comorbidities. An additional stratified analysis was conducted by systemic comorbidity groups for the outcome "resistance" to the antifungals.
RESULTS
When not grouping Candida albicans isolates by systemic conditions, the lowest resistance rates to the antifungals tested were observed for amphotericin B, nystatin, flucytosine, and caspofungin. In contrast, the highest resistance rates were observed for miconazole and econazole. There was a high degree of heterogeneity and low resistance in general in all analyses, except for the "several associated comorbidities" group, which had high resistance rates.
CONCLUSIONS
Clinical C. albicans isolates had low antifungal resistance.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
The presence of concomitant systemic comorbidities appears to be an essential factor that should be considered when evaluating resistance to antifungals for oral isolates.
Topics: Humans; Antifungal Agents; Candida albicans; Candidiasis; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Drug Resistance, Fungal; Mouth
PubMed: 36167858
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04716-2 -
PloS One 2022Cervical cancer is the fourth commonest and the fourth leading cause of cancer death in females globally. The upregulated expression of microRNA-21 in cervical cancer... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
INTRODUCTION
Cervical cancer is the fourth commonest and the fourth leading cause of cancer death in females globally. The upregulated expression of microRNA-21 in cervical cancer has been investigated in numerous studies, yet given the inconsistency on some of the findings, a systematic review and meta-analysis is needed. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to investigate the role in disease progression as well as the diagnostic and prognostic value of microRNA-21 in patients with cervical cancer.
METHODS
Literature search was carried out through visiting several electronic databases including PubMed/MEDLINE/ PubMed Central, Web of Science, Embase, WorldCat, DOAJ, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. After extraction, data analysis was carried out using Rev-Man 5.3, STATA 15.0 and Meta-disk 1.4. I2 and meta-bias statistics assessed heterogeneity and publication bias of the included studies, respectively. The area under summary receiver operating characteristic curve and other diagnostic indexes were used to estimate diagnostic accuracy.
RESULT
A total of 53 studies were included for this systematic review and meta-analysis. This study summarized that microRNA-21 targets the expression of numerous genes that regulate their subsequent downstream signaling pathways which promote cervical carcinogenesis. The targets addressed in this study included TNF-α, CCL20, PTEN RasA1, TIMP3, PDCD-4, TPM-1, FASL, BTG-2, GAS-5, and VHL. In addition, the meta-analysis of reports from 6 eligible studies has demonstrated that the overall area under the curve (AUC) of summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) of microRNA-21 as a diagnostic accuracy index for cervical cancer was 0.80 (95% CI: 0.75, 0.86). In addition, evidence from studies revealed that upregulated microRNA-21 led to worsening progression and poor prognosis in cervical cancer patients.
CONCLUSION
microRNA-21 is an oncogenic microRNA molecule playing a key role in the development and progression of cervical malignancy. It has good diagnostic accuracy in the diagnosis of cervical cancer. In addition, the upregulation of microRNA-21 could predict a worse outcome in terms of prognosis in cervical cancer patients.
Topics: Disease Progression; Female; Humans; MicroRNAs; Prognosis; ROC Curve; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
PubMed: 35895593
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268480 -
Nutrients Jul 2022Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a neurological disorder characterised by optic disc swelling secondary to raised intracranial pressure (ICP) of unknown... (Review)
Review
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a neurological disorder characterised by optic disc swelling secondary to raised intracranial pressure (ICP) of unknown cause. Obesity is the most established and prevalent risk factor in developed countries. As obesogenic diets are high in calories and nutrient-poor, there may be associated nutritional deficiencies that contribute to the clinical presentation of IIH. Yet none, aside from iron deficiency, are currently included in the inclusion or exclusion criteria for the diagnosis of IIH. Our primary aim was to determine which micronutrient deficiencies, aside from iron deficiency, could present with optic disc swelling associated with or without intracranial hypertension that could potentially meet current IIH diagnostic criteria. To this end, we conducted a systematic search of articles published between 1 January 1980 and 18 December 2020 reporting cases of optic disc swelling associated with micronutrient deficiencies. In total, 65 cases met the eligibility criteria from initial searches: all were case reports and case series with a high risk of bias. Our findings suggest that patients with IIH or unexplained optic disc swelling ought to be screened, investigated, and treated for associated micronutrient deficiencies in vitamin A, B1 and B12; and weight loss interventions in IIH patients ought to promote better nutrition in addition to overall calorie restriction.
Topics: Humans; Intracranial Hypertension; Malnutrition; Micronutrients; Optic Disk; Papilledema; Pseudotumor Cerebri
PubMed: 35893919
DOI: 10.3390/nu14153068 -
Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral... Sep 2022This systematic review aimed to summarize the morphologic changes in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in patients who underwent orthodontic treatment and were assessed... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
This systematic review aimed to summarize the morphologic changes in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in patients who underwent orthodontic treatment and were assessed by 3-dimensional (3D) imaging techniques (e.g., magnetic resonance imaging, cone beam computed tomography, and multidetector computed tomography).
STUDY DESIGN
The authors searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases to identify original articles from 2014 to 2021 containing keywords for morphologic changes in the TMJ, orthodontic treatment, and three-dimensional imaging methods. Prospective and retrospective studies, including observational, cross-sectional, randomized, and nonrandomized clinical trials, cohort studies, and case-control studies, were reviewed. The review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. The risk of bias was assessed in studies selected for the full-text review.
RESULTS
The search strategy yielded 294 publications. After an initial screening and the application of exclusion criteria, 13 studies were selected for the final review.
CONCLUSION
Differences were found in condylar positioning, typically in an anterior position; condylar morphology, primarily with increased diameter or head height; and articular disk position within the anterior-posterior plane post-treatment. Changes in the glenoid fossa were not consistent between the studies. The overall risk of bias among studies was moderate. The influence of orthodontic treatment on morphologic changes in the TMJ remains unclear.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Mandibular Condyle; Prospective Studies; Retrospective Studies; Temporomandibular Joint
PubMed: 35871168
DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2022.05.003 -
Life (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2022(1) Background: This study aimed to perform a literature review related to disk displacement (DD) in class II malocclusion or cervical vertebrae position alterations and... (Review)
Review
Temporomandibular Joint Disk Displacements in Class II Malocclusion and Cervical Spine Alterations: Systematic Review and Report of a Hypodivergent Case with MRI Bone and Soft Tissue Changes.
(1) Background: This study aimed to perform a literature review related to disk displacement (DD) in class II malocclusion or cervical vertebrae position alterations and to report a hypodivergent case with cervical pain and right anterolateral DD with reduction, left anterolateral DD with reduction, and left joint effusion. (2) Methods: A structured electronic search was conducted between March 2022 and April 2022, without time limits, following PRISMA guidelines, in the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, Embase and Cochrane; the terms "disc displacement", "disk displacement", "temporomandibular joint", "class II malocclusion" and "cervical vertebrae" are searched. (3) Results: the following thirteen publications are included in this review: two prospective studies and eleven cross-sectional studies; for evaluating disk position, eight included publications used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), whilst six studies used lateral cephalogram to determine craniofacial morphology and relationships between the cranial base, vertical skeletal pattern, maxilla and mandible. (4) Conclusions: although the literature still shows contradictory opinions, a relationship between temporomandibular disorders and cervical posture has been shown in the presented case as well as in the literature review.
PubMed: 35743939
DOI: 10.3390/life12060908 -
Journal of Bodywork and Movement... Jul 2022To investigate the effect of disk training and tape application on diminished proprioception after Lateral Ankle Sprain (LAS) in active populations. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the effect of disk training and tape application on diminished proprioception after Lateral Ankle Sprain (LAS) in active populations.
ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA
Only clinical trials investigating the effectiveness of disk training and ankle tape on proprioception deficits following LAS by assessing JPS or kinaesthesia were included.
INFORMATION SOURCES
Electronic databases of PubMed, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, Web of Science, Cochrane and PEDro were searched. The main search was conducted in February 2022.
RISK OF BIAS
The physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale was utilised to assess the methodological quality of each article.
RESULT
The search yielded six studies investigating the effects of disk training and four studies investigating the effects of inelastic tape. Five articles showed a significant improvement on JPS after disk training. However, no difference across different intervention groups was observed in one study. Only one trial presented an immediate significant improvement when taped, while another study showed that external ankle supports significantly improved JPS after 2 weeks and after 2 months. Three of four studies found no immediate improvement on proprioceptive deficits by the use of tape.
CONCLUSIONS
This review found that disk training may improve impaired proprioception after LAS, whilst the efficacy of inelastic tape was not evident due to methodological quality of the few available studies. Further studies are needed to establish whether these interventions can be used clinically with sufficient evidence.
Topics: Ankle; Ankle Injuries; Ankle Joint; Humans; Physical Therapy Modalities; Proprioception
PubMed: 35710223
DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2022.04.001 -
BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders Apr 2022Lumbar total disc replacement (TDR) is an alternative to lumbar fusion in the treatment of lower back pain and reduces the risk of adjacent segment degeneration....
BACKGROUND CONTEXT
Lumbar total disc replacement (TDR) is an alternative to lumbar fusion in the treatment of lower back pain and reduces the risk of adjacent segment degeneration. Heterotopic ossification (HO) has been identified as a common complication following lumbar TDR.
PURPOSE
This systematic review aims to determine the prevalence, risk factors and clinical and radiological impact of HO following lumbar TDR.
STUDY DESIGN
Systematic Review.
METHODS
MEDLINE, Scopus, PubMed and Cochrane Central were searched for articles that referred to lumbar TDR and HO. The hits were assessed against inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data from each included study was extracted and analysed with respect to the study aims.
RESULTS
Twenty-six studies were included in this review and the pooled prevalence of HO was estimated to be between 13.2% (participants) and 15.3% (vertebral levels). TDR clinical outcomes were not found to be reduced by HO and there was insufficient data to identify a given impact upon radiological outcomes. Age and follow up time were identified as potential risk factors for HO.
CONCLUSIONS
This review was hampered by inconsistencies in the reporting of HO across the studies. We therefore recommend that a set of guidelines should be produced to aid future researchers and reduce the risk of bias.
Topics: Humans; Intervertebral Disc Degeneration; Low Back Pain; Lumbar Vertebrae; Lumbosacral Region; Ossification, Heterotopic; Total Disc Replacement; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 35461244
DOI: 10.1186/s12891-022-05322-9 -
Computer Methods and Programs in... Jun 2022The optic nerve head (ONH) represents the intraocular section of the optic nerve, which is prone to damage by intraocular pressure (IOP). The advent of optical... (Review)
Review
The optic nerve head (ONH) represents the intraocular section of the optic nerve, which is prone to damage by intraocular pressure (IOP). The advent of optical coherence tomography (OCT) has enabled the evaluation of novel ONH parameters, namely the depth and curvature of the lamina cribrosa (LC). Together with the Bruch's membrane minimum-rim-width (BMO-MRW), these seem to be promising ONH parameters for diagnosis and monitoring of retinal diseases such as glaucoma. Nonetheless, these OCT derived biomarkers are mostly extracted through manual segmentation, which is time-consuming and prone to bias, thus limiting their usability in clinical practice. The automatic segmentation of ONH in OCT scans could further improve the current clinical management of glaucoma and other diseases. This review summarizes the current state-of-the-art in automatic segmentation of the ONH in OCT. PubMed and Scopus were used to perform a systematic review. Additional works from other databases (IEEE, Google Scholar and ARVO IOVS) were also included, resulting in a total of 29 reviewed studies. For each algorithm, the methods, the size and type of dataset used for validation, and the respective results were carefully analysed. The results show a lack of consensus regarding the definition of segmented regions, extracted parameters and validation approaches, highlighting the importance and need of standardized methodologies for ONH segmentation. Only with a concrete set of guidelines, these automatic segmentation algorithms will build trust in data-driven segmentation models and be able to enter clinical practice.
Topics: Bruch Membrane; Glaucoma; Humans; Intraocular Pressure; Optic Disk; Tomography, Optical Coherence
PubMed: 35429812
DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2022.106801