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Veterinary World 2023Mastitis is an important disease that can reduce milk production and farmer income as well as negatively affect human health. This study aimed to summarize dairy...
BACKGROUND AND AIM
Mastitis is an important disease that can reduce milk production and farmer income as well as negatively affect human health. This study aimed to summarize dairy mastitis in Indonesia, both subclinical mastitis (SCM) and clinical mastitis (CM), and its prevalence in different provinces, the diagnostic methods, and the animal species.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Relevant studies on mastitis in dairy animals in Indonesia were obtained from PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, Google Scholar, and Garuda. The title and abstract were screened for the eligibility of the studies. The full text of the selected studies was assessed and the data were extracted for analysis. To determine the pooled estimate of the prevalence of mastitis, a random-effects model was performed using the "Meta" and "Metaphor" packages in the R software version 4.2.2. The heterogeneity of several characteristics (mastitis type, provinces, animal species, and diagnostic methods) was evaluated through subgroup meta-analysis. Meta-regression analysis was conducted to assess the trend of mastitis prevalence reports over time. Publication bias was evaluated using Egger's test and a funnel plot.
RESULTS
A total of 735 studies were retrieved for the title and abstract screening, which resulted in the final selection of 37 studies with a total of 6050 samples for meta-analysis. The pooled estimate of mastitis prevalence in dairy animals in Indonesia was 59.44% (95% confidence interval [CI], 52.39%-66.49%). Based on mastitis type, SCM had a significantly higher prevalence than CM (58.24% [95% CI, 51.26%-65.23%] vs. 3.31% [95% CI, 1.42%-5.19%]). No significant difference was observed in the analysis of other subgroups. Among provinces, Central Java had the highest prevalence (66.62% [95% CI, 49.37%-83.87%]), whereas Yogyakarta had the lowest (41.77% [95% CI, 14.96%-68.58%]). Based on animal species, cow and goat had a prevalence of 63.42% (95% CI, 55.97%-70.86%) and 44.96% (95% CI, 28.26%-61.66%), respectively. Based on the diagnostic method, the California mastitis test resulted in 60.08% (95% CI, 52.11%-68.06%) and the Institut Pertanian Bogor test, 56.00% (95% CI, 41.20%-70.81%). No significant change in the prevalence of mastitis in Indonesia was observed from 2003 to 2022.
CONCLUSION
This study demonstrates that the pooled estimate of mastitis prevalence in dairy animals in Indonesia is >50%. Based on subgroup analysis, SCM had a higher prevalence than CM; however, the prevalence between provinces, detection methods, and animal species in the 2003-2022 periods was not significantly different. A mastitis control strategy needs to be developed to reduce the prevalence of mastitis and further loss in milk production.
PubMed: 37621553
DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.1380-1389 -
Animal Reproduction Science Sep 2023Mastitis is a rare condition that can be diagnosed in female cats of all breeds and ages. It is usually caused by bacterial agents and is frequently encountered... (Review)
Review
Mastitis is a rare condition that can be diagnosed in female cats of all breeds and ages. It is usually caused by bacterial agents and is frequently encountered secondarily in feline mammary fibroepithelial hyperplasia (FEH). If left untreated, it can peril both the queen and her kittens. Therefore, a reliable and quick diagnosis is the primary key to successful treatment. Conventional diagnosis consists of a clinical and ultrasound evaluation of the queen's mammary glands. However, there is a lack of literature specifically focused on mastitis in queens. Consequently, the present review brings forth the existing knowledge regarding mammary gland inflammations in cats, with the goal of improving current clinical evaluation and treatment plans.
Topics: Cats; Animals; Female; Inflammation; Mastitis; Cat Diseases
PubMed: 37586155
DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2023.107318 -
BMC Veterinary Research Aug 2023Subclinical mastitis (SCM) is one of the most economically important diseases affecting the dairy industry. The SCM does not cause visible changes in the udder or... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Subclinical mastitis (SCM) is one of the most economically important diseases affecting the dairy industry. The SCM does not cause visible changes in the udder or physical changes of the milk as compared to clinical mastitis, and a clear overview of the prevalence and risk factors in the different regions of Africa is still lacking. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of SCM and assess the associated risk factors and dominant bacterial pathogens among cattle in Africa.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We gathered and systematically reviewed literature concerning SCM, published in English from January 2010 through December 2020 in two databases (PubMed and Web of Science), and meta-analysis was conducted using the 'meta' and 'metafor' packages in the R statistical software.
RESULTS
A total of 258 studies were retrieved and at the end of the screening, 82 full-texts were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis. The prevalence of SCM was reported in 11 countries in five regions of Africa, and the random-effects model showed that the weighted pooled prevalence estimate (PPE) was 48.2% (95% CI: 43.6-52.8%). Heterogeneity was high and statistically significant as I (proportion of observed variation) was 98.1% (95% CI: 98.0-98.3%), τ (true between-study variance) was 0.0433 (95% CI: 0.0322-0.0611), and the Cochran Q statistic was 4362.8 (p < 0.0001). Subgroup and meta-regression analyses showed that East Africa had significantly (p = 0.0092) the highest PPE of SCM (67.7%, 95% CI: 55.7-78.7) followed by West Africa (50.5%, 95%CI: 31.4-69.5), and the lowest was in North Africa (40.3%, 95%: 32.2-48.6). Other significant moderators for SCM were age (p < 0.0001), breed (p = 0.0002), lactation stage (p = 0.019) and parity (p = 0.0008) of cattle. Staphylococcus species (prevalence 43.7%) were the most predominant pathogens, followed by Streptococcus (18.2%) and Escherichia species (9.5%).
CONCLUSION
The present study showed a high variation of SCM prevalence in various parts of Africa, although there is a need for more data in some regions. The reported prevalence is a clear sign of inappropriate management practices among cattle herds and an indicator of the threat that SCM poses to the dairy industry. The information about the predisposing factors may guide effective management and control strategies to reduce transmission of the disease.
Topics: Pregnancy; Animals; Cattle; Female; Staphylococcal Infections; Prevalence; Mastitis, Bovine; Lactation; Milk; Risk Factors; Africa; Dairying; Cattle Diseases
PubMed: 37573335
DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03673-6 -
Heliyon Jul 2023Bovine mastitis, a condition with multifactorial etiology, imposes a significant economic burden on the dairy sector in Ethiopia, with () being one of the leading... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Bovine mastitis, a condition with multifactorial etiology, imposes a significant economic burden on the dairy sector in Ethiopia, with () being one of the leading etiologic agents. The acquisition of a compiled source of information concerning is imperative in order to enhance the control and prevention strategies, as well as to facilitate the successful implementation of the national action plan aimed at curbing antimicrobial resistance by the year 2025. Thus, the primary objective of this meta-analysis was to comprehensively summarize the estimates of the proportion and beta-lactam resistance profile of in bovine mastitis in Ethiopia.
METHODS
electronic bibliographic data such as PubMed, Web of Science, HINARI, Google Scholar, and other databases were used to search articles and quality assessment was performed using the AMSTAR-2. The pooled proportion, the rate of beta-lactam resistance, and a 95% confidence interval were calculated with a random effects model using statistical software. Funnel plots, and Eggers were used to assess publication bias.
RESULTS
Twenty-six (26) cross-sectional studies were included in this meta-analysis. The overall pooled proportion of was 35% (95% CI: 0.31 to 0.41). Considerable heterogeneity was observed in the included studies ( = 90.75%; P < 0.01). The subgroup analysis of the study region showed significant differences. The highest estimated regional pooled proportion of bovine mastitis-associated was 40% in the Amhara and Tigray regions. Funnel plot and Eggers results showed no statistically significant publication bias (Eggers test: p = 0.5656) in estimating the proportion of infections in association with bovine mastitis. A total of 14 articles were included to estimate beta-lactam antimicrobial resistance. The estimated pooled beta-lactam antimicrobial resistance rate of was resistance to penicillin at 75%, followed by amoxicillin at 67%, ampicillin at 50% and cephalosporin at 57% were evaluated in the treatment of . Therefore, the present meta-analysis has revealed that the prevalence of bovine-associated and its resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics are alarmingly high in the region of Ethiopia. This further emphasizes the vital necessity of implementing effective preventive measures to reduce the incidence and spread of this pathogen across the entire nation.
PubMed: 37519650
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18180 -
Veterinaria Italiana Dec 2022Considering the high prevalence of subclinical mastitis and its impacts on milk production, thematic studies are need to provide strategic data for its control. This...
Considering the high prevalence of subclinical mastitis and its impacts on milk production, thematic studies are need to provide strategic data for its control. This study aimed at investigating the most frequent microorganisms associated with subclinical mastitis in dairy cows in Brazil through compiling the occurrence of the etiological agents and their sensitivity to antibiotics. The systematic review includes articles published between 2009 and 2019. Fiftyseven articles evaluating 22,287 milk samples were selected. The number of publications and the sample size were not homogeneous among Brazilian regions. Most of the studies and sampling were conducted in Rio Grande do Sul, whereas no studies were found in some states in the north and mid‑west regions. The most frequent pathogen was Staphylococcus spp. It was isolated in all studies and had an average prevalence of 49% in the analyzed samples. Resistance to penicillin was the most frequent microbial resistance found in Brazil, with an average of 66% among the isolates evaluated. Moreover, bacterial resistance to cephalexin, cefoperazone, erythromycin, gentamicin, neomycin, penicillin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim increased over the research period. Given the territorial extension, the etiological diversity, and the lack of studies with a representative sample, the compilation of scientific data must be interpreted with caution. Regions where a greater number of studies were conducted and with numerous samples, such as the South, provided a comprehensive scenario that is closer to reality. Nevertheless, although decision making on the farm cannot be replaced by scientific studies, it can be supported by such efforts.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Female; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Brazil; Cattle Diseases; Mastitis, Bovine; Penicillins
PubMed: 37303139
DOI: 10.12834/VetIt.2601.17023.2 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2023Bovine mastitis is one of the most common and prevalent diseases affecting dairy cattle worldwide. It adversely affects the quality and quantity of milk production and...
BACKGROUND
Bovine mastitis is one of the most common and prevalent diseases affecting dairy cattle worldwide. It adversely affects the quality and quantity of milk production and leads to a significant economic loss for the farmers.
METHODS
This article aimed to estimate the prevalence of clinical mastitis (CM) infection in mainland China using a systematic review and meta-analysis. The research reports published during 1983-2022 in English or Chinese from databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, Web of Science, VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals (VIP), Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wan Fang database) were identified after reviewing the relevant scientific literature. Based on our inclusion criteria, this study analyzed the prevalence of CM in 47 published studies prevalence extracted the total number of cattle infected with CM from the available studies, allowing us to estimate the prevalence of CM infection among these in mainland China.
RESULTS
The pooled prevalence with the 95% CI for the clinical mastitis was 10% (95% CI: 9.00, 12.00). The majority of CM was associated with lactation, parity, and age, with higher prevalence observed in late lactation 15% (95% CI: 11.00, 18.00) and mid-lactation 10% (95% CI: 6.00, 13.00) in comparison to early lactation 8% (95% CI: 5.00, 10.00). The incidence of CM increased significantly with the increase of parity and age, and the highest incidence rates were 19% (95% CI: 15.00, 23.00) and 16% (95% CI: 12.00, 19.00) at parity and age ≥7, respectively. Among the seasons, the highest prevalence of CM infection was found in autumn 9% (95% CI: 2.00, 17.00). Interestingly, no significant effects were evident regarding the influence of quarter on the prevalence of CM.
CONCLUSION
Thus, estimating the prevalence of CM among cattle in mainland China. through meta-analysis can provide adequate measures to control CM, reduce economic losses, and prevent the spread and transmission of CM in Chinese herds.
PubMed: 37275611
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1185995 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2023The overall prevalence of spp., a group of important zoonotic pathogens, in the global dairy herds and the risk of cross-species transmission between humans and dairy...
INTRODUCTION
The overall prevalence of spp., a group of important zoonotic pathogens, in the global dairy herds and the risk of cross-species transmission between humans and dairy cows remain to be clarified. This systematic review aimed to determine the prevalence of spp. in milk samples from dairy cows with mastitis worldwide and to assess the factors influencing the prevalence of these strains.
METHODS
Qualified studies published from 2007 to 2021 were retrieved from ScienceDirect, Web of Science, PubMed, WanFang Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and VIP Chinese Journal Database. Calculations of prevalence and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were performed for all the studies using the Freeman-Tukey double arcsine transformation (PFT).
RESULTS
A total of 79,852 milk samples from 55 manuscripts were examined in this meta-analysis, and 2,478 samples were found to be positive for spp. The pooled prevalence estimates worldwide were 7.95% (95% CI: 6.07%-10.06%), with significant heterogeneity ( = 98.8%, = 0). The sampling period of 2013-2020 had a higher ( < 0.05) Klebsiella-positive proportion of milk samples (12.16%, 95% CI: 8.08%-16.90%) than that of 2007-2012 (3.85%, 95% CI: 2.67%-5.21%), indicating that bovine mastitis caused by Klebsiella may become increasingly prevalent. The risk factors for the high prevalence of Klebsiella in milk samples mainly included: economic development level (developing countries; 11.76%, 95% CI: 8.25%-15.77%), mastitis type (CM; 11.99%, 95% CI: 8.62%-15.79%), and population density (>500 per sq km; 10.28%, 95% CI: 2.73%-21.58%). Additionally, a bivariate meta-regression analysis revealed that the multidrug-resistance (MDR) rate of the epidemic strains was also closely related to economic development level ( = 78.87%) and population density ( = 87.51%).
DISCUSSION
Due to the potential risk of cross-species transmission between humans and cows, the prevalence of mastitis milk-derived Klebsiella and its high MDR rate need to be monitored, especially in developing countries with high population densities.
PubMed: 37035815
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1143257 -
Veterinary Research Communications Sep 2023Non-aureus staphylococci and mammaliicocci (NASM) are one of the most common causes of subclinical mastitis in dairy animals and the extent of damage by intramammary... (Review)
Review
Non-aureus staphylococci and mammaliicocci as a cause of mastitis in domestic ruminants: current knowledge, advances, biomedical applications, and future perspectives - a systematic review.
Non-aureus staphylococci and mammaliicocci (NASM) are one of the most common causes of subclinical mastitis in dairy animals and the extent of damage by intramammary infections (IMI) caused by NASM is still under debate. The different effects of NASM on the mammary gland may be associated with differences between bacterial species. NASM are normal and abundant colonizers of humans and animals and become pathogenic only in certain situations. The veterinary interest in NASM has been intense for the last 25 years, due to the strongly increasing rate of opportunistic infections. Therefore, the objective of this review is to provide a general background of the NASM as a cause of mastitis and the most recent advances that exist to prevent and fight the biofilm formation of this group of bacteria, introduce new biomedical applications that could be used in dairy herds to reduce the risk of chronic and recurrent infections, potentially responsible for economic losses due to reduced milk production and quality. Effective treatment of biofilm infection requires a dual approach through a combination of antibiofilm and antimicrobial agents. Even though research on the development of biofilms is mainly focused on human medicine, this technology must be developed at the same time in veterinary medicine, especially in the dairy industry where IMI are extremely common.
Topics: Cattle; Female; Humans; Animals; Staphylococcus; Staphylococcal Infections; Milk; Mastitis, Bovine; Ruminants; Bacteria; Mammary Glands, Animal; Cattle Diseases
PubMed: 36964436
DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10090-5 -
Preventive Veterinary Medicine Mar 2023A systematic review and Bayesian sequential pair-wise meta-analyses were conducted to assess the efficacy of internal teat sealants (ITS) administered at dry-off in... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Evaluating the efficacy of internal teat sealants at dry-off for the prevention of new intra-mammary infections during the dry-period or clinical mastitis during early lactation in dairy cows: A systematic review update and sequential meta-analysis.
A systematic review and Bayesian sequential pair-wise meta-analyses were conducted to assess the efficacy of internal teat sealants (ITS) administered at dry-off in comparison to no treatment for preventing new intramammary infections (IMI) and clinical mastitis (CM) in dairy cattle. This work updated a previous systematic review and network meta-analysis conducted in 2019 but employed a narrowed scope and eligibility. The updated eligibility included studies that used ITS without concurrent therapy compared to a no treatment control (NTC), a study population of dairy cows or prepartum heifers, controlled trial design, and assessed one of the following outcomes: incidence of new IMI at calving or CM during the first 30 days in milk (DIM). Risk of bias was assessed through the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 tool. Evidence quality was assessed using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). There were 141 potentially relevant records identified from the updated search conducted on April 29, 2021, with a publication date restriction of 2018 or later; one study passed full-text screening and was included. Of the 32 studies included in the previous review, 12 studies were relevant after applying the modified eligibility criteria, totaling 13 studies included in this review (12 addressing IMI at calving outcome, 4 addressing CM at 30 DIM outcome). Sequential meta-analysis was conducted for both outcomes in R 3.6.0. Decisions for stopping were assessed at each analysis for intervention effect or futility in finding an effect based on a priori minimum clinically relevant values (OR =0.5, 0.75). ITS at dry-off significantly reduced odds of new IMI at calving compared to NTC at the second meta-analysis (OR =0.27, 95% CI=0.22-0.34), and onward (OR =0.29, 95% CI=0.27-0.32). For CM at 30 DIM, significance was reached at the second meta-analysis (OR =0.59, 95% CI=0.47-0.73), and onward (OR =0.47, 95% CI=0.42-0.51). Stopping for effect occurred at the second analysis in both outcomes and ORs, but low-quality evidence and heterogeneity concerns were noted. A continuity-correction to include zero-event CM studies showed significance at the third meta-analysis (OR =0.79, 95% CI=0.73-0.86), stopping for effect at the fourth for OR = 0.75 (OR =0.77, 95% CI=0.72-0.83), and stopping for futility at the second for OR = 0.5 (OR =0.94, 95% CI=0.75-1.20), but the main CM analysis was considered more appropriate due to the sensitivity analysis' very low-quality evidence assessment. Based on sequential evidence available, sufficient research currently exists for practical use, and cessation of future research until substantial changes to ITS application occur may be appropriate.
Topics: Cattle; Female; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bayes Theorem; Mastitis, Bovine; Lactation; Mammary Glands, Animal; Milk; Cattle Diseases
PubMed: 36657355
DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2023.105841 -
Journal of Dairy Science Feb 2023Treatment of clinical mastitis (CM) contributes to antimicrobial use on dairy farms. Selective treatment of CM based on bacterial diagnosis can reduce antimicrobial use,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Selective treatment of nonsevere clinical mastitis does not adversely affect cure, somatic cell count, milk yield, recurrence, or culling: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Treatment of clinical mastitis (CM) contributes to antimicrobial use on dairy farms. Selective treatment of CM based on bacterial diagnosis can reduce antimicrobial use, as not all cases of CM will benefit from antimicrobial treatment, e.g., mild and moderate gram-negative infections. However, impacts of selective CM treatment on udder health and culling are not fully understood. A systematic search identified 13 studies that compared selective versus blanket CM treatment protocols. Reported outcomes were synthesized with random-effects models and presented as risk ratios or mean differences. Selective CM treatment protocol was not inferior to blanket CM treatment protocol for the outcome bacteriological cure. Noninferiority margins could not be established for the outcomes clinical cure, new intramammary infection, somatic cell count, milk yield, recurrence, or culling. However, no differences were detected between selective and blanket CM treatment protocols using traditional analyses, apart from a not clinically relevant increase in interval from treatment to clinical cure (0.4 d) in the selective group and higher proportion of clinical cure at 14 d in the selective group. The latter occurred in studies co-administering nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories only in the selective group. Bias could not be ruled out in most studies due to suboptimal randomization, although this would likely only affect subjective outcomes such as clinical cure. Hence, findings were supported by a high or moderate certainty of evidence for all outcome measures except clinical cure. In conclusion, this review supported the assertion that a selective CM treatment protocol can be adopted without adversely influencing bacteriological and clinical cure, somatic cell count, milk yield, and incidence of recurrence or culling.
Topics: Cattle; Female; Animals; Milk; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Mastitis, Bovine; Anti-Infective Agents; Cell Count; Mammary Glands, Animal; Lactation; Cattle Diseases
PubMed: 36543640
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22271