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PloS One 2024Vitamins D, E, A, B, C, and Omega-3 play crucial roles in modulating inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways, both implicated in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)...
BACKGROUND
Vitamins D, E, A, B, C, and Omega-3 play crucial roles in modulating inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways, both implicated in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) development. Recent research has explored the potential impact of dietary supplements on AAA progression. The systematic review aims to assess interventional studies investigating the effects of various dietary supplements on the development and severity of abdominal aortic aneurysms.
METHOD
A systematic search using relevant keywords related to abdominal aortic aneurysm and dietary supplements was conducted across four databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science). Quality assessment for animal studies employed SYRCLE and the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool for randomized control trials. The study protocol is registered in PROSPERO under the registry code CRD42023455958.
RESULTS
Supplementation with Omega-3, Vitamins A, C, D, E, and the Vitamin B family exhibited positive effects in AAA progression. These supplements contributed to a reduction in AAA diameter, elastin degradation, inflammatory responses, and reactive oxygen species. Additional supplements such as Zinc, methionine, and phytoestrogen also played roles in mitigating AAA progression.
CONCLUSION
The findings of this study underscore the potential role of dietary supplements in the progression of AAA. Predominantly based on animal studies, the results indicate that these supplements can limit AAA progression, primarily evidenced by their ability to mitigate inflammatory processes and oxidative stress pathways.
Topics: Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Disease Progression; Animals; Vitamins; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Oxidative Stress
PubMed: 38923975
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305265 -
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer... Jun 2024Lung cancer is one of the commonest cause of cancer associated mortality worldwide. Platelets have emerged as key players in cancer development and progression by...
INTRODUCTION
Lung cancer is one of the commonest cause of cancer associated mortality worldwide. Platelets have emerged as key players in cancer development and progression by supporting tumor growth, and dissemination. In the present systematic review, we analyzed RNA transfer between cancer cells and platelets and explored potential role of different platelet RNA profiles as onco-signature in diagnosis, subtyping, disease progression and treatment monitoring in carcinoma lung carcinoma.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and Cochrane Manual of Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis that included seven studies on patients with lung cancer, with data on tumor-educated platelets, and control group. The outcome measured was based on sensitivity, specificity, and ROC. PUBMED, SCOPUS, Central Cochrane Registry of Controlled Trials and Science Direct databases were searched using specific search terms until October 2023. QUADAS - 2 tool was used to assess quality, risk of bias and applicability concerns.
RESULTS
The analysis revealed AUC > 70% for different platelet mRNAs, with sensitivity and specificity of more than 60 %. AUC and sensitivity were highest for ITGA2B (AUC 0.922; sensitivity 92.8%). lncRNA GTF2H2-1 was the most specific platelet RNA. On QUADAS-2 tool, 3/7 articles were unclear in reference standards, patient flow timing, and 1/7 had high bias in both aspects. For applicability, 1/7 studies were unclear in reference standards, and 2/7 in index tests.
CONCLUSION
TEP RNA can aid in early diagnosis of lung cancer and of proven utility in its early-stage detection. TEP RNA can also monitor disease progression and treatment response.
Topics: Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Biomarkers, Tumor; Blood Platelets; Prognosis; RNA, Long Noncoding
PubMed: 38918651
DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2024.25.6.1911 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2024Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are effective for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment, but the response rate remains low. Programmed cell death ligand 1... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Prognostic significance of programmed cell death ligand 1 blood markers in non-small cell lung cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
BACKGROUND
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are effective for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment, but the response rate remains low. Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in peripheral blood, including soluble form (sPD-L1), expression on circulating tumor cells (CTCs PD-L1) and exosomes (exoPD-L1), are minimally invasive and promising markers for patient selection and management, but their prognostic significance remains inconclusive. Here, we performed a meta-analysis for the prognostic value of PD-L1 blood markers in NSCLC patients treated with ICIs.
METHODS
Eligible studies were obtained by searching PubMed, EMBAS, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library prior to November 30, 2023. The associations between pre-treatment, post-treatment and dynamic changes of blood PD-L1 levels and progression-free survival (PFS)/over survival (OS) were analyzed by estimating hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).
RESULTS
A total of 26 studies comprising 1606 patients were included. High pre- or post-treatment sPD-L1 levels were significantly associated with worse PFS (pre-treatment: HR=1.49, 95%CI 1.13-1.95; post-treatment: HR=2.09, 95%CI 1.40-3.12) and OS (pre-treatment: HR=1.83, 95%CI 1.25-2.67; post-treatment: HR=2.60, 95%CI 1.09-6.20, P=0.032). High pre-treatment exoPD-L1 levels predicted a worse PFS (HR=4.24, 95%CI 2.82-6.38, P<0.001). Pre-treatment PD-L1 CTCs tended to be correlated with prolonged PFS (HR=0.63, 95%CI 0.39-1.02) and OS (HR=0.58, 95%CI 0.36-0.93). Patients with up-regulated exoPD-L1 levels, but not sPD-L1, after ICIs treatment had significantly favorable PFS (HR=0.36, 95%CI 0.23-0.55) and OS (HR=0.24, 95%CI 0.08-0.68).
CONCLUSION
PD-L1 blood markers, including sPD-L1, CTCs PD-L1 and exoPD-L1, can effectively predict prognosis, and may be potentially utilized for patient selection and treatment management for NSCLC patients receiving ICIs.
Topics: Humans; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors; Lung Neoplasms; B7-H1 Antigen; Biomarkers, Tumor; Prognosis
PubMed: 38915398
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1400262 -
Frontiers in Oncology 2024The prognostic relevance of the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in gastric cancer (GC) patients undergoing immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment remains...
OBJECTIVES
The prognostic relevance of the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in gastric cancer (GC) patients undergoing immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment remains unclear. This meta-analysis aimed to determine the prognostic impact of PLR in this specific patient cohort.
METHODS
We searched the PubMed, Cochrane Library, CNKI, and EMBASE databases, including literature published up to September 2023, to investigate the prognostic implications of PLR in patients with gastric cancer undergoing immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Outcome measures encompassed overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), and disease control rates (DCR).
RESULTS
Nine studies from seven articles comprising 948 eligible patients were selected. The results revealed a significant correlation between elevated PLR and poorer OS and progression-free survival (PFS) (OS: HR 1.67, 95% CI 1.39-2.00, p < 0.001; PFS: HR 1.51, 95% CI 1.29-1.76, p < 0.001). Subgroup analyses were performed to validate the robustness of the results. Moreover, a meta-analysis of four studies investigating the correlation between the PLR in gastric cancer (GC) patients and the objective response rate/disease control rate (ORR/DCR), showed no significant association between the PLR and ORR/DCR (ORR: RR = 1.01, p = 0.960; DCR: RR = 0.96, p = 0.319).
CONCLUSIONS
This meta-analysis indicates that elevated PLR in GC patients undergoing ICI treatment is significantly linked to worse OS and PFS. Therefore, PLR can serve as a prognostic indicator of post-treatment outcomes in patients with GC receiving ICIs. Further prospective studies are required to assess the reliability of these findings.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
https://inplasy.com/, identifier INPLASY2023120103.
PubMed: 38912061
DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1367990 -
BMC Ophthalmology Jun 2024Dry eye is a chronic and multifactorial ocular surface disease caused by tear film instability or imbalance in the microenvironment of the ocular surface. It can lead to... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Dry eye is a chronic and multifactorial ocular surface disease caused by tear film instability or imbalance in the microenvironment of the ocular surface. It can lead to various discomforts such as inflammation of the ocular surface and visual issues. However, the mechanism of dry eye is not clear, which results in dry eye being only relieved but not cured in clinical practice. Finding multiple environmental pathways for dry eye and exploring the pathogenesis of dry eye have become the focus of research. Studies have found that changes in microbiota may be related to the occurrence and development of dry eye disease.
METHODS
Entered the keywords "Dry eye", "Microbiota", "Bacteria" through PUBMED, summarised the articles that meet the inclusion criteria and then filtered them while the publication time range of the literature was defined in the past 5 years, with a deadline of 2023.A total of 13 clinical and 1 animal-related research articles were screened out and included in the summary.
RESULTS
Study found that different components of bacteria can induce ocular immune responses through different receptors present on the ocular surface, thereby leading to an imbalance in the ocular surface microenvironment. Changes in the ocular surface microbiota and gut microbiota were also found when dry eye syndrome occurs, including changes in diversity, an increase in pro-inflammatory bacteria, and a decrease in short-chain fatty acid-related bacterial genera that produce anti-inflammatory effects. Fecal microbiota transplantation or probiotic intervention can alleviate signs of inflammation on the ocular surface of dry eye animal models.
CONCLUSIONS
By summarizing the changes in the ocular surface and intestinal microbiota when dry eye occurs, it is speculated and concluded that the intestine may affect the occurrence of eye diseases such as dry eye through several pathways and mechanisms, such as the occurrence of abnormal immune responses, microbiota metabolites- intervention of short-chain fatty acids, imbalance of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors, and release of neurotransmitters, etc. Analyzing the correlation between the intestinal tract and the eyes from the perspective of microbiota can provide a theoretical basis and a new idea for relieving dry eyes in multiple ways in the future.
Topics: Dry Eye Syndromes; Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Animals; Tears
PubMed: 38898418
DOI: 10.1186/s12886-024-03526-2 -
PeerJ 2024Structured aerobic or resistance training alone seems to be a beneficial tool for improving glucose homeostasis, chronic systemic inflammation, resting cardiovascular... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Effects of combined aerobic and resistance training on glycemic control, blood pressure, inflammation, cardiorespiratory fitness and quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes and overweight/obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
BACKGROUND
Structured aerobic or resistance training alone seems to be a beneficial tool for improving glucose homeostasis, chronic systemic inflammation, resting cardiovascular function, and mental health in people with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of the present study was to synthesize the available data on the effectiveness of combined aerobic and resistance training (CART) on glycemic control, blood pressure, inflammation, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and quality of life (QoL) in overweight and obese individuals with T2DM.
METHODS
A database search was carried out in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar from inception up to May 2023. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to assess eligible studies, and the GRADE method to evaluate the reliability of evidence. A random-effects model was used, and data were analyzed using standardized mean differences and 95% confidence intervals. The study protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (ID: CRD42022355612).
RESULTS
A total of 21,612 studies were retrieved; 20 studies were included, and data were extracted from 1,192 participants (mean age: 57 ± 7 years) who met the eligibility criteria. CART demonstrated significant improvements in body mass index, glycated hemoglobin, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, CRF, and QoL compared to ST. These findings highlight the significance of exercise interventions such as CART as essential elements within comprehensive diabetes management strategies, ultimately enhancing overall health outcomes in individuals with T2DM and overweight/obesity.No differences were found in resting heart rate between CART and ST. An uncertain risk of bias and poor quality of evidence were found among the eligible studies.
CONCLUSION
These outcomes show clear evidence considering the positive role of CART in inducing beneficial changes in various cardiometabolic and mental health-related indicators in patients with T2DM and concurrent overweight/obesity. More studies with robust methodological design are warranted to examine the dose-response relationship, training parameters configuration, and mechanisms behind these positive adaptations.
Topics: Humans; Middle Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Cardiorespiratory Fitness; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exercise; Glycemic Control; Inflammation; Obesity; Overweight; Quality of Life; Resistance Training
PubMed: 38887616
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17525 -
BMC Women's Health Jun 2024Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a highly prevalent mental health disorder with females experiencing higher rates of depression (11.6%), anxiety (15.7%) and...
BACKGROUND
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a highly prevalent mental health disorder with females experiencing higher rates of depression (11.6%), anxiety (15.7%) and physiological distress (14.5%) than males. Recently, the Endocannabinoid system (ECS) has been proposed to be a key contributing factor in the pathogenesis and symptom severity of MDD due to its role in neurotransmitter production, inflammatory response and even regulation of the female reproductive cycle. This review critically evaluates evidence regarding ECS levels in female-sexed individuals with depressive disorders to further understand ECS role.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A systematic literature review of available research published prior to April 2022 was identified using PubMed (U.S. National Library of Medicine), CINAHL (EBSCO), Web of Science, AMED and Scopus (Elsevier). Studies were included if they reported ECS analysis of female-sexed individuals with depression and were excluded if they did not differentiate results between sexes, assessed mental health conditions other than depression, tested efficacy of endocannabinoid/n-acylethanolamine/cannabis or marijuana administration and that were unable to be translated. Critical appraisal of each included study was undertaken using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tool for Systematic Reviews.
RESULTS
The 894 located citations were screened for duplicates (n = 357) and eligibility by title and abstract (n = 501). The full text of 33 studies were reviewed, and 7 studies were determined eligible for inclusion. These studies indicated that depressed female-sexed individuals have altered levels of ECS however no significant pattern was identified due to variability of study outcomes and measures, limiting overall interpretation.
DISCUSSION
This review suggests potential involvement of ECS in underlying mechanisms of MDD in female sexed-individuals, however no pattern was able to be determined. A major contributor to the inability to attain reliable and valid understanding of the ECS levels in female-sexed individuals with depression was the inconsistency of depression screening tools, inclusion criteria's and analysis methods used to measure eCBs. Future studies need to implement more standardised methodology to gain a deeper understanding of ECS in female-sexed individuals with depressive disorders. TRIAL REGISTRATION : This review was submitted to PROSPERO for approval in April 2022 (Registration #CRD42022324212).
Topics: Humans; Endocannabinoids; Female; Depressive Disorder, Major; Sex Factors; Male
PubMed: 38886733
DOI: 10.1186/s12905-024-03168-y -
Cureus May 2024Gastrointestinal permeability refers to the movement of substances across the gut wall. This is mediated by endotoxemia (bacterial products entering the systemic... (Review)
Review
Gastrointestinal permeability refers to the movement of substances across the gut wall. This is mediated by endotoxemia (bacterial products entering the systemic circulation), and is associated with metabolic disease. The effect of bariatric surgery on permeability remains uncertain; the associated dietary, metabolic and weight changes are suggested to influence, or trigger, altered permeability. The primary aim of this study is to synthesize evidence and analyze the effect of bariatric surgery on permeability. A systematic review was performed, searching MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Scopus until February 2023, using MESH terms "intestinal permeability", "bariatric", for studies reporting in vivo assessment of permeability. Three cohort studies and two case series were identified (n=96). Data was heterogeneous; methodology and controls preclude meta-analysis. Gastroduodenal permeability reduced post-sleeve gastrectomy (SG). Two studies showed an increase in small intestinal permeability after biliopancreatic diversion. Two studies revealed a decrease in post-Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. One study identified increased colonic permeability six months post-SG. Evidence regarding permeability change after bariatric surgery is conflicting, notably for the small intestine. Impaired colonic permeability post-SG raises concerns regarding colonic protein fermentation and harmful dietary sequelae. There are multiple interacting variables confounding gastrointestinal permeability change; procedure type, altered microbiota and metabolic response to surgery. Further understanding of this important aspect of obesity is required, both before and after bariatric surgery.
PubMed: 38883053
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60480 -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Jul 2024The intricate crosstalk between long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and epigenetic modifications such as chromatin/histone methylation and acetylation offer new perspectives... (Review)
Review
The intricate crosstalk between long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and epigenetic modifications such as chromatin/histone methylation and acetylation offer new perspectives on the pathogenesis and treatment of kidney diseases. lncRNAs, a class of transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides with no protein-coding potential, are now recognized as key regulatory molecules influencing gene expression through diverse mechanisms. They modulate the epigenetic modifications by recruiting or blocking enzymes responsible for adding or removing methyl or acetyl groups, such as DNA, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) and histone methylation and acetylation, subsequently altering chromatin structure and accessibility. In kidney diseases such as acute kidney injury (AKI), chronic kidney disease (CKD), diabetic nephropathy (DN), glomerulonephritis (GN), and renal cell carcinoma (RCC), aberrant patterns of DNA/RNA/histone methylation and acetylation have been associated with disease onset and progression, revealing a complex interplay with lncRNA dynamics. Recent studies have highlighted how lncRNAs can impact renal pathology by affecting the expression and function of key genes involved in cell cycle control, fibrosis, and inflammatory responses. This review will separately address the roles of lncRNAs and epigenetic modifications in renal diseases, with a particular emphasis on elucidating the bidirectional regulatory effects and underlying mechanisms of lncRNAs in conjunction with DNA/RNA/histone methylation and acetylation, in addition to the potential exacerbating or renoprotective effects in renal pathologies. Understanding the reciprocal relationships between lncRNAs and epigenetic modifications will not only shed light on the molecular underpinnings of renal pathologies but also present new avenues for therapeutic interventions and biomarker development, advancing precision medicine in nephrology.
Topics: RNA, Long Noncoding; Humans; Epigenesis, Genetic; Histones; Acetylation; DNA Methylation; Kidney Diseases; Chromatin; Animals
PubMed: 38870627
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116922 -
Stem Cell Research & Therapy Jun 2024Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as living biodrugs for myocardial repair and regeneration. Recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have reported that... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as living biodrugs for myocardial repair and regeneration. Recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have reported that MSC-based therapy is safe and effective in heart failure patients; however, its dose-response relationship has yet to be established. We aimed to determine the optimal MSC dose for treating HF patients with reduced ejection fraction (EF) (HFrEF).
METHODS
The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) and Cochrane Handbook guidelines were followed. Four databases and registries, i.e., PubMed, EBSCO, clinicaltrials.gov, ICTRP, and other websites, were searched for RCTs. Eleven RCTs with 1098 participants (treatment group, n = 606; control group, n = 492) were selected based on our inclusion/exclusion criteria. Two independent assessors extracted the data and performed quality assessments. The data from all eligible studies were plotted for death, major adverse cardiac events (MACE), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV), and 6-minute walk distance (6-MWD) as safety, efficacy, and performance parameters. For dose-escalation assessment, studies were categorized as low-dose (< 100 million cells) or high-dose (≥ 100 million cells).
RESULTS
MSC-based treatment is safe across low and high doses, with nonsignificant effects. However, low-dose treatment had a more significant protective effect than high-dose treatment. Subgroup analysis revealed the superiority of low-dose treatment in improving LVEF by 3.01% (95% CI; 0.65-5.38%) compared with high-dose treatment (-0.48%; 95% CI; -2.14-1.18). MSC treatment significantly improved the 6-MWD by 26.74 m (95% CI; 3.74-49.74 m) in the low-dose treatment group and by 36.73 m (95% CI; 6.74-66.72 m) in the high-dose treatment group. The exclusion of studies using ADRCs resulted in better safety and a significant improvement in LVEF from low- and high-dose MSC treatment.
CONCLUSION
Low-dose MSC treatment was safe and superior to high-dose treatment in restoring efficacy and functional outcomes in heart failure patients, and further analysis in a larger patient group is warranted.
Topics: Humans; Heart Failure; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; Stroke Volume; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Ventricular Function, Left
PubMed: 38867306
DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03713-4