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General Hospital Psychiatry 2024Long COVID can include impaired cognition ('brain fog'; a term encompassing multiple symptoms) and mental health conditions. We performed a systematic review and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
Long COVID can include impaired cognition ('brain fog'; a term encompassing multiple symptoms) and mental health conditions. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate their prevalence and to explore relevant factors associated with the incidence of impaired cognition and mental health conditions.
METHODS
Searches were conducted in Medline and PsycINFO to cover the start of the pandemic until August 2023. Included studies reported prevalence of mental health conditions and brain fog in adults with long COVID after clinically-diagnosed or PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection.
FINDINGS
17 studies were included, reporting 41,249 long COVID patients. Across all timepoints (3-24 months), the combined prevalence of mental health conditions and brain fog was 20·4% (95% CI 11·1%-34·4%), being lower among those previously hospitalised than in community-managed patients(19·5 vs 29·7% respectively; p = 0·047). The odds of mental health conditions and brain fog increased over time and when validated instruments were used. Odds of brain fog significantly decreased with increasing vaccination rates (p = ·000).
CONCLUSIONS
Given the increasing prevalence of mental health conditions and brain fog over time, preventive interventions and treatments are needed. Research is needed to explore underlying mechanisms that could inform further research in development of effective treatments. The reduced risk of brain fog associated with vaccination emphasizes the need for ongoing vaccination programs.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome; Mental Health; Prevalence; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Mental Fatigue
PubMed: 38447388
DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2024.02.009 -
International Journal of Surgery... Jun 2024Omentoplasty is commonly used in various surgeries. However, its effectiveness is unsure due to lack of convincing data and research. To clarify the impact of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Omentoplasty is commonly used in various surgeries. However, its effectiveness is unsure due to lack of convincing data and research. To clarify the impact of omentoplasty on postoperative complications of various procedures, this systematic review and meta-analysis was performed.
METHODS
A systematic review of published literatures from four databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Embase before 14 July 2022. The authors primarily included publications on five major surgical operations performed in conjunction with omentoplasty: thoracic surgery, esophageal surgery, gastrointestinal surgery, pelvi-perineal surgery, and liver surgery. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO.
RESULTS
This review included 25 273 patients from 91 studies ( n =9670 underwent omentoplasty). Omentoplasty was associated with a lower risk of overall complications particularly in gastrointestinal [relative risk (RR) 0.53; 95% CI: 0.39-0.72] and liver surgery (RR 0.54; 95% CI: 0.39-0.74). Omentoplasty reduced the risk of postoperative infection in thoracic (RR 0.38; 95% CI: 0.18-0.78) and liver surgery (RR 0.39; 95% CI: 0.29-0.52). In patients undergoing esophageal (RR 0.89; 95% CI: 0.80-0.99) and gastrointestinal (RR 0.28; 95% CI: 0.23-0.34) surgery with a BMI greater than 25, omentoplasty is significantly associated with a reduced risk of overall complications compared to patients with normal BMI. No significant differences were found in pelvi-perineal surgery, except infection in patients whose BMI ranged from 25 kg/m 2 to 29.9 kg/m 2 (RR 1.25; 95% CI: 1.04-1.50) and anastomotic leakage in patients aged over 60 (RR 0.59; 95% CI: 0.39-0.91).
CONCLUSION
Omentoplasty can effectively prevent postoperative infection. It is associated with a lower incidence of multiple postoperative complications in gastrointestinal and liver surgery.
Topics: Humans; Omentum; Postoperative Complications
PubMed: 38446845
DOI: 10.1097/JS9.0000000000001240 -
Women's Health (London, England) 2024Polycystic ovary syndrome is a common reproductive endocrine condition that affects women of fertile age and is characterized by three main features, including... (Review)
Review
Polycystic ovary syndrome is a common reproductive endocrine condition that affects women of fertile age and is characterized by three main features, including hyperandrogenism, chronic anovulation, and polycystic ovaries. In addition, half of women with polycystic ovary syndrome have insulin resistance, and obesity or overweight, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia are the most common metabolic abnormalities affecting (30%) women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Weight loss is regarded as the first-line treatment as it can potentially improve polycystic ovary syndrome parameters (androgen levels, menstrual cyclicity, lipid and glucose metabolism). However, achieving and maintaining weight loss can be challenging, and pharmacological agents could be essential to achieve optimal glycemic control and improve the endocrine disturbance associated with polycystic ovary syndrome. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist has been demonstrated as monotherapy or in combination with metformin for managing obesity and insulin resistance associated with polycystic ovary syndrome. Yet, its effect on endocrine and metabolic parameters remains elusive, and further research is needed to close the gap. The aim is to evaluate the efficacy of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist monotherapy and/or a combined treatment between glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist and metformin for improving anthropometric measurements, endocrine and metabolic parameters in lean and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome. A systematic review of longitudinal cohort studies was conducted across databases including Ovid Medline, PubMed Central, and Cochrane Library between 2015 and 2022. Eligible studies included participants with polycystic ovary syndrome diagnosed according to the 2003 Rotterdam or the 1990 National Institutes of Health criteria. A total of eight studies including 486 patients with polycystic ovary syndrome were analyzed. The mean age was between 18 and 45 years with mean follow-up period between 12 and 32 weeks. In all these studies, results were comparable for the reduction in body mass index, waist circumference, fat mass, and visceral fat mass; however, it was more in combination therapy versus comparator. In conclusion, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists effectively reduce body weight and improve some of the endocrine and metabolic parameters of polycystic ovary syndrome. A combined treatment with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist and metformin had significant effects on weight loss and favorable results on endocrine and metabolic parameters, yet further research is needed to discover the long-term safety of combined therapy in women diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome and obesity or overweight.
Topics: Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists; Insulin Resistance; Longitudinal Studies; Metformin; Obesity; Overweight; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; United States; Weight Loss
PubMed: 38444070
DOI: 10.1177/17455057241234530 -
Frontiers in Medicine 2024Essential oils from various plants have diverse therapeutic properties and are researched extensively. They have applications in medicine, aromatherapy, microbiology,... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
Essential oils from various plants have diverse therapeutic properties and are researched extensively. They have applications in medicine, aromatherapy, microbiology, agriculture, livestock, and the food industry, benefiting the population.
METHODS
This systematic review followed the PRISMA verification protocol. The study focused on the anti-inflammatory effects, nutraceutical properties, antioxidant and antibacterial activity of essential oils in lemon, orange, cumin, cinnamon, coriander, rosemary, thyme, and parsley. We also looked at their presence in the diet, their effect, their mechanism of action on health, and the most important active compounds. The search was conducted in the PubMed database for the last 12 years of publications, including , , and online cell model tests.
RESULTS
Essential oils have been shown to have multiple health benefits, primarily due to their antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects. The mechanism of action of cinnamon oil alters bacterial membranes, modifies lipid profiles, and inhibits cell division, giving a potential benefit in protection against colitis. On the other hand, a significant improvement was observed in the diastolic pressure of patients with metabolic syndrome when supplementing them with cumin essential oil. The antimicrobial properties of coriander essential oil, especially its application in seafood like tilapia, demonstrate efficacy in improving health and resistance to bacterial infections. Cumin essential oil treats inflammation. Parsley essential oil is an antioxidant. Orange peel oil is antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, and pro-oxidative. Lemon essential oil affects mouse intestinal microbiota. Thyme essential oil protects the colon against damage and DNA methylation. Carnosic acid in rosemary oil can reduce prostate cancer cell viability by modifying the endoplasmic reticulum function.
CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION
Essential oils have many therapeutic and antiparasitic properties. They are beneficial to human health in many ways. However, to understand their potential benefits, more research is needed regarding essential oils such as coriander, parsley, rosemary, cumin, and thyme. These research gaps are relevant since they restrict understanding of the possible benefits of these crucial oils for health-related contexts.
PubMed: 38435393
DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1337785 -
Maturitas Jun 2024Prostate cancer survivors treated with androgen deprivation therapy may be at increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Dietary recommendations for the prevention and/or... (Review)
Review
The effect of dietary interventions or patterns on the cardiometabolic health of individuals treated with androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer: A systematic review.
Prostate cancer survivors treated with androgen deprivation therapy may be at increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Dietary recommendations for the prevention and/or management of cardiovascular disease for these individuals are lacking. This review synthesizes the evidence on the effect of dietary interventions on cardiometabolic biomarkers and cardiovascular disease risk in prostate cancer survivors receiving androgen deprivation therapy. A systematic review was conducted across PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, and Cochrane CENTRAL. Intervention or observational cohort studies evaluating diets, nutrients, or nutraceuticals with or without concurrent exercise interventions on cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular events, or cardiovascular disease biomarkers in those treated with androgen deprivation therapy were included. Confidence in the body of evidence was appraised using Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations. Twelve studies reported across fifteen papers were included. Interventions were heterogenous, with most studies including an exercise co-intervention (n = 8). Few significant findings for the effects of diet on cardiometabolic markers were likely due to weak methodology and sample sizes. Strongest evidence was for the effect of a healthy Western dietary pattern with exercise on improved blood pressure (Confidence: moderate). The healthy Western dietary pattern with exercise may improve high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (Confidence: Low) and flow-mediated dilation. Soy may improve total cholesterol (Confidence: Very low). A low-carbohydrate diet with physical activity may improve high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, incidence of metabolic syndrome, and Framingham cardiovascular disease risk score. Evidence of the effect of dietary interventions on cardiometabolic biomarkers and cardiovascular disease risk of prostate cancer survivors receiving androgen deprivation therapy is insufficient to inform practice. Well-designed dietary interventions aimed at improving cardiometabolic outcomes of this population are warranted to inform future dietary recommendations.
Topics: Humans; Male; Prostatic Neoplasms; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Exercise; Diet; Dietary Supplements
PubMed: 38430616
DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2024.107940 -
BMC Endocrine Disorders Mar 2024Accumulating evidence has suggested that dietary polyphenols may be protective against metabolic syndrome (MetS); however, the available evidence is contradictory. The... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Accumulating evidence has suggested that dietary polyphenols may be protective against metabolic syndrome (MetS); however, the available evidence is contradictory. The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the association between dietary intake of polyphenols and the odds of MetS.
METHODS
The PubMed and Scopus databases were systematically searched to obtain eligible studies. The risk of MetS for the highest versus the lowest intakes of total, subclasses and individual polyphenols were examined by pooling odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) using the random effects model.
RESULTS
A total of 14 studies (6 cohort and 8 cross-sectional studies) involving a total of 50,366 participants with 10,879 cases of MetS were included. When various polyphenol compounds were pooled, they were significantly related to a 22% decreased odds of MetS (([5 studies]; OR: 0.78; 95%CI: 0.72-0.85). Higher intakes of total flavonoids (([9 studies]; OR: 0.78; 95%CI: 0.72-0.85), flavan-3-ols (([2 studies]; OR: 0.64; 95%CI: 0.43-0.94), isoflavones (([3 studies]; OR: 0.84; 95%CI: 0.75-0.93), stilbenes (([4 studies]; OR: 0.86; 95%CI: 0.76-0.97), flavones (([2 studies]; OR: 0.79; 95%CI: 0.71-0.89), and quercetin (([2 studies]; OR: 0.63; 95%CI: 0.43-0.93) were also significantly associated with a decreased risk of MetS. The associations were not modified by the age of the participants. No association was found for total polyphenols, phenolic acids, lignans, anthocyanins, and flavonols.
CONCLUSION
The results of this meta-analysis supported that higher polyphenol intake can lower the risk of MetS.
Topics: Humans; Anthocyanins; Diet; Metabolic Syndrome; Polyphenols
PubMed: 38429765
DOI: 10.1186/s12902-024-01556-x -
Nutrition & Diabetes Feb 2024The optimal dietary regimen for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has not been identified. High-protein diets (HPDs) are effective for weight control in individuals with... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The optimal dietary regimen for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has not been identified. High-protein diets (HPDs) are effective for weight control in individuals with metabolic abnormalities, but no systematic meta-analyses have yet summarised the effects of HPDs on PCOS. Seven electronic databases were searched from inception to 30 April 2023, and studies comparing the effects of HPDs and other diets on the anthropometrics, metabolic factors, and hormonal profiles for PCOS were identified. Data were pooled using random-effects models and expressed as weighted mean differences and 95% confidence intervals. The risk of bias was assessed by Cochrane Collaboration tool. Eight trials involving 300 women with PCOS were included. Compared with isocaloric balanced diets (BDs), HPDs significantly reduced fasting insulin (-2.69 μIU/mL, 95% CI [-3.81, -1.57], P < 0.0001, I = 46%) and homoeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR-0.41, 95% CI [-0.80, -0.02], P = 0.04, I = 94%) in women with PCOS. However, HPDs and BDs had comparable effects on weight loss, abdominal adiposity, lipid profiles, and reproductive hormones (all P ≥ 0.05). HPDs may benefit women with PCOS in terms of improving insulin resistance, supporting for their use as one of the dietary management options for PCOS, however further RCTs in larger and broader settings are required to confirm these observations and investigate the mechanism behind it.
Topics: Humans; Female; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Insulin Resistance; Insulin; Diet, High-Protein; Cardiovascular Diseases
PubMed: 38424054
DOI: 10.1038/s41387-024-00263-9 -
Frontiers in Nutrition 2024Intermittent fasting (IF) has gained popularity in interventions targeting overweight, obesity and metabolic syndrome. IF may affect the gut microbiome composition and...
BACKGROUND
Intermittent fasting (IF) has gained popularity in interventions targeting overweight, obesity and metabolic syndrome. IF may affect the gut microbiome composition and therefore have various effects on gut microbiome mediated functions in humans. Research on the effects of IF on human gut microbiome is limited. Therefore, the objective of this systematic review was to determine how different types of IF affect the human gut microbiome.
METHODS
A literature search was conducted for studies investigating the association of different types of IF and gut microbiota richness, alpha and beta diversity, and composition in human subjects. Databases included Cochrane Library (RRID:SCR_013000), PubMed (RRID:SCR_004846), Scopus (RRID:SCR_022559) and Web of Science (RRID:SCR_022706). A total of 1,332 studies were retrieved, of which 940 remained after removing duplicates. Ultimately, a total of 8 studies were included in the review. The included studies were randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental studies and pilot studies implementing an IF intervention (time-restricted eating, alternate day fasting or 5:2 diet) in healthy subjects or subjects with any disease.
RESULTS
Most studies found an association between IF and gut microbiota richness, diversity and compositional changes. There was heterogeneity in the results, and bacteria which were found to be statistically significantly affected by IF varied widely depending on the study.
CONCLUSION
The findings in this systematic review suggest that IF influences gut microbiota. It seems possible that IF can improve richness and alpha diversity. Due to the substantial heterogeneity of the results, more research is required to validate these findings and clarify whether the compositional changes might be beneficial to human health.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42021241619.
PubMed: 38410639
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1342787 -
Journal of Obesity 2024Type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome represent two closely intertwined public health challenges that have reached alarming epidemic proportions in low- and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome represent two closely intertwined public health challenges that have reached alarming epidemic proportions in low- and middle-income countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Therefore, the current study aimed to determine the weighted pooled prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus in sub-Saharan Africa as defined by the 2004 National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel (NCEP-ATP III 2004) and/or the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria.
METHODS
A systematic search was conducted to retrieve studies published in the English language on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among type 2 diabetic individuals in sub-Saharan Africa. Searches were carried out in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Google Scholar, African Index Medicus, and African Journal Online from their inception until July 31, 2023. A random-effects model was employed to estimate the weighted pooled prevalence of metabolic syndrome in sub-Saharan Africa. Evidence of between-study variance attributed to heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran's Q statistic and the I2 statistic. The Joanna Briggs Institute quality appraisal criteria were used to evaluate the methodological quality of the included studies. The summary estimates were presented with forest plots and tables. Publication bias was checked with the funnel plot and Egger's regression test.
RESULTS
Overall, 1421 articles were identified and evaluated using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, and 30 studies that met the inclusion criteria were included in the final analysis. The weighted pooled prevalence of metabolic syndrome among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus in sub-Saharan Africa was 63.1% (95% CI: 57.9-68.1) when using the NCEP-ATP III 2004 criteria and 60.8% (95% CI: 50.7-70.0) when using the IDF criteria. Subgroup analysis, using NCEP-ATP III 2004 and IDF criteria, revealed higher weighted pooled prevalence among females: 73.5% (95% CI: 67.4-79.5), 71.6% (95% CI: 60.2-82.9), compared to males: 50.5% (95% CI: 43.8-57.2), 44.5% (95% CI: 34.2-54.8), respectively. Central obesity was the most prevalent component of metabolic syndrome, with a pooled prevalence of 55.9% and 61.6% using NCEP-ATP III 2004 and IDF criteria, respectively. There was no statistical evidence of publication bias in both the NCEP-ATP III 2004 and IDF pooled estimates.
CONCLUSIONS
The findings underscore the alarming prevalence of metabolic syndrome among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus in sub-Saharan Africa. Therefore, it is essential to promote lifestyle modifications, such as regular exercise and balanced diets, prioritize routine obesity screenings, and implement early interventions and robust public health measures to mitigate the risks associated with central obesity.
Topics: Male; Adult; Female; Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Risk Factors; Obesity, Abdominal; Prevalence; Obesity; Africa South of the Sahara; Adenosine Triphosphate
PubMed: 38410415
DOI: 10.1155/2024/1240457 -
Reproductive Health Feb 2024Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common condition in women, characterised by reproductive and metabolic dysfunction. While dietary approaches have been evaluated as... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
INTRODUCTION
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common condition in women, characterised by reproductive and metabolic dysfunction. While dietary approaches have been evaluated as a first-line treatment for patients with PCOS, there is limited evidence to support preference for a specific dietary composition. This systematic review and network meta-analysis was performed with the objective of comparing different dietary interventions in terms of positive impact. Metformin, the currently preferred treatment, was also compared.
METHODS
The latest systematic search was performed on the 20th of March, 2023. Eligible randomised controlled trials (RCTs) included patients with PCOS and compared the dietary approach with another intervention or a standard diet. Outcomes were expressed via anthropometric measurements and hormonal, glycemic, and lipid levels. The Bayesian method was used to perform a network meta-analysis and to calculate the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) values in order to rank the dietary interventions. The overall quality of the evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system.
RESULTS
19 RCTs were identified, comprising data from 727 patients who were variously treated with 10 types of dietary interventions and metformin. The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet was the most effective in reducing Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (SUCRA 92.33%), fasting blood glucose (SUCRA 85.92%), fasting insulin level (SUCRA 79.73%) and triglyceride level (SUCRA 82.07%). For body mass index (BMI), the most effective intervention was the low-calorie diet (SUCRA 84.59%). For weight loss, the low-calorie diet with metformin (SUCRA 74.38%) was the most effective intervention. Metformin produced the greatest reductions in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (SUCRA 78.08%) and total testosterone levels (SUCRA 71.28%). The low-carb diet was the most effective intervention for reducing cholesterol levels (SUCRA 69.68%), while the normal diet (SUCRA 65.69%) ranked first for increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels.
CONCLUSION
Dietary interventions vary in their effects on metabolic parameters in women with PCOS. Based on our results, the DASH diet is the most effective dietary intervention for treating PCOS. Registration PROSPERO ID CRD42021282984.
Topics: Female; Humans; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Network Meta-Analysis; Metformin; Diet; Cholesterol
PubMed: 38388374
DOI: 10.1186/s12978-024-01758-5