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Clinical and Translational... Dec 2015Pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasias (IPMNs) represent 25% of all cystic neoplasms and are precursor lesions for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. This...
OBJECTIVES
Pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasias (IPMNs) represent 25% of all cystic neoplasms and are precursor lesions for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. This study aims to identify the best imaging modality for detecting malignant transformation in IPMN, the sensitivity and specificity of risk features on imaging, and the usefulness of tumor markers in serum and cyst fluid to predict malignancy in IPMN.
METHODS
Databases were searched from November 2006 to March 2014. Pooled sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic techniques/imaging features of suspected malignancy in IPMN using a hierarchical summary receiver operator characteristic (HSROC) approach were performed.
RESULTS
A total of 467 eligible studies were identified, of which 51 studies met the inclusion criteria and 37 of these were incorporated into meta-analyses. The pooled sensitivity and specificity for risk features predictive of malignancy on computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging were 0.809 and 0.762 respectively, and on positron emission tomography were 0.968 and 0.911. Mural nodule, cyst size, and main pancreatic duct dilation found on imaging had pooled sensitivity for prediction of malignancy of 0.690, 0.682, and 0.614, respectively, and specificity of 0.798, 0.574, and 0.687. Raised serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) levels yielded sensitivity of 0.380 and specificity of 0903. Combining parameters yielded a sensitivity of 0.743 and specificity of 0.906.
CONCLUSIONS
PET holds the most promise in identifying malignant transformation within an IPMN. Combining parameters increases sensitivity and specificity; the presence of mural nodule on imaging was the most sensitive whereas raised serum CA19-9 (>37 KU/l) was the most specific feature predictive of malignancy in IPMNs.
PubMed: 26658837
DOI: 10.1038/ctg.2015.60 -
Diagnostic Pathology Oct 2015Nodular follicular lesions of thyroid gland comprise benign and malignant neoplasms, as well as some forms of hyperplasia. "Follicular" refers to origin of cells and in...
BACKGROUND
Nodular follicular lesions of thyroid gland comprise benign and malignant neoplasms, as well as some forms of hyperplasia. "Follicular" refers to origin of cells and in the same time to growth pattern - building follicles. Nodular follicular thyroid lesions have in common many morphological features, therefore attempts were made to define additional criteria for distinction between follicular adenoma, follicular carcinoma and follicular variant of papillary carcinoma. Increasing number of immunohistochemical markers is in the continual process of evaluation.
METHODS
Tissue microarrays incorporating, total 201 cases, out of which 122 malignant and 79 benign follicular lesions, including neoplastic and non-neoplastic, were constructed and immunostained with antibodies to CD56, CK19, Galectin-3, HBME-1. Tissue cores were exclusively being acquired from tumour/lesion on interface with normal thyroid tissue. A systematic review of literature was done for period from the year 2001 to present time.
RESULTS
All analysed markers may make a difference between benign lesions/tumours from differentiated thyroid carcinomas (p = <0.01, for all markers). Expression of all markers is significantly higher in papillary carcinoma than in follicular adenoma (p < 0.01). Statistically significant difference in expression of Galectin-3 and CD56 between follicular carcinoma and follicular adenoma was registered (p = 0.043; p = 0.028, respectively). The only marker which expression showed statistically significant difference between adenoma and carcinoma of Hurthle cells was Galectin 3 (p = 0.041). CK19 and HBME-1 were significantly expressed more in papillary carcinoma as compared to follicular carcinoma.
CONCLUSION
Galectin 3 is most sensitive marker for malignancy, while loss of expression of CD56 is very specific for malignancy. Expected co-expression for combination of markers in diagnosis of follicular lesions decreases sensitivity and increases specificity for malignancy.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Adenocarcinoma, Follicular; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma, Papillary; CD56 Antigen; Galectin 3; Keratin-19; Thyroid Neoplasms
PubMed: 26503236
DOI: 10.1186/s13000-015-0428-4 -
PloS One 2015Central lymph node metastasis (CLNM) is common in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Prophylactic central lymph node dissection (PCLND) for patients with clinically... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Central lymph node metastasis (CLNM) is common in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Prophylactic central lymph node dissection (PCLND) for patients with clinically negative central compartment lymph nodes (CN0) remains controversial. The phrase "clinically negative" is used to indicate that patients exhibited no clinical evidence of CLNM by ultrasonography (US) or computerized tomography (CT) preoperatively. In this study, we analyze the risk factors for CLNM in CN0 patients.
METHODS
The PUBMED and SCIE databases were systematically searched for works published through January 31, 2015. All of the patients included in this study underwent thyroidectomy+PCLND. Revman 5.3 software was used to analyze the data.
RESULTS
Twenty studies and 9084 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The following variables were associated with an increased risk of CLNM in CN0 patients: age < 45 years (OR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.42-1.78, p<0.00001), male sex (OR = 1.95, 95% CI = 1.63-2.32, p<0.00001), multifocality (OR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.22-1.67, p<0.00001), tumor size > 2 cm for PTC patients (OR = 2.98, 95% CI 2.08-4.28, p<0.00001) or tumor size > 0.5 cm for papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) patients (OR = 2.30, 95% CI = 1.71-3.09, p<0.00001), location of the primary tumor in the central area and low pole (OR = 1.86, 95% CI = 1.48-2.33, p<0.00001), lymphovascular invasion (OR = 4.35, 95% CI = 2.24-8.46, p<0.0001), extrathyroidal extension (OR = 2.27, 95% CI = 1.76-2.94, p<0.00001), and capsular invasion (OR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.39-2.41, p<0.00001). PTC (tumor size > 1 cm) exhibited a higher risk factor associated with CLNM than PTMC (tumor size < 1 cm) (OR = 2.83, 95% CI = 2.15-3.72, p<0.00001). Bilateral tumors (OR = 1.21, 95% CI = 0.92-1.58, p = 0.17) and lymphocytic thyroiditis (OR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.71-1.09, p = 0.25) had no association with CLNM in CN0 patients.
CONCLUSIONS
Our systematic review identified several clinical features associated with CLNM in CN0 patients, including age, sex, multifocality, size, location, lymphovascular invasion, capsular invasion, and extrathyroidal extension. These factors should guide the application of PCLND in CN0 patients.
Topics: Carcinoma; Carcinoma, Papillary; Humans; Lymphatic Metastasis; Risk Factors; Thyroid Cancer, Papillary; Thyroid Neoplasms
PubMed: 26431346
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139021 -
International Journal of Clinical and... 2015The hobnail variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is a rare, aggressive variant in which > 30% of the tumor cells have hobnail features. The clinical behavior and... (Review)
Review
The hobnail variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is a rare, aggressive variant in which > 30% of the tumor cells have hobnail features. The clinical behavior and pathologic characteristics of these tumors are still unclear due to the rarity of the entity. The present study aimed to investigate cytologic, clinical, pathological, and molecular features of the hobnail variant from our data and from the literature. We retrospectively retrieved 10 cases of hobnail variant from 2,904 consecutive PTC patients. Cytologic and histopathologic slides from those 10 patients were reviewed. We performed molecular analysis for BRAF, ALK, and TERT promoter mutations on paraffin blocks from surgical specimens, and further analyzed the clinicopathologic characteristics of all case reports published in the literature until now. Cytologically, all tumors were characterized by single cells with eccentric nuclei and tapering cytoplasm (comet-like cells), and syncytial or micropapillary clusters with apically placed nuclei resulting in a hobnail appearance in both conventional smears and liquid-based cytology. The BRAF V600E mutation was found in 8 cases (80%) whereas no cases had ALK fusion or TERT promoter mutations. In the literature review of 55 patients including our cases, most patients presented with advanced stage cancer, and disease-specific survival rates were 83%, 71%, and 54% at 5, 10, and 20 years after the initial surgery, respectively. Characteristic cytologic features can allow a preoperative diagnosis of the hobnail variant of PTC based on cytology specimens. Further studies should be performed to identify the molecular genetics of the variant.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase; Biomarkers, Tumor; Biopsy; Carcinoma; Carcinoma, Papillary; DNA Mutational Analysis; Disease-Free Survival; Female; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Middle Aged; Mutation; Neoplasm Staging; Phenotype; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; Retrospective Studies; Survival Analysis; Telomerase; Thyroid Cancer, Papillary; Thyroid Neoplasms; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult
PubMed: 26339365
DOI: No ID Found -
World Journal of Gastroenterology Jun 2015To analyze the available evidence about the risk of extrapancreatic malignancies and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma associated to pancreatic intraductal papillary... (Review)
Review
AIM
To analyze the available evidence about the risk of extrapancreatic malignancies and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma associated to pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous tumors (IPMNs).
METHODS
A systematic search of literature was undertaken using MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane and Web-of-Science libraries. No limitations for year of publication were considered; preference was given to English papers. All references in selected articles were further screened for additional publications. Both clinical series and Literature reviews were selected. For all eligible studies, a standard data extraction form was filled in and the following data were extracted: study design, number of patients, prevalence of pancreatic cancer and extrapancreatic malignancies in IPMN patients and control groups, if available.
RESULTS
A total of 805 abstracts were selected and read; 25 articles were considered pertinent and 17 were chosen for the present systematic review. Eleven monocentric series, 1 multicentric series, 1 case-control study, 1 population-based study and 3 case report were included. A total of 2881 patients were globally analyzed as study group, and the incidence of pancreatic cancer and/or extrapancreatic malignancies ranged from 5% to 52%, with a mean of 28.71%. When a control group was analyzed (6 papers), the same incidence was as low as 9.4%.
CONCLUSION
The available Literature is unanimous in claiming IPMNs to be strongly associated with pancreatic and extrapancreatic malignancies. The consequences in IPMNs management are herein discussed.
Topics: Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal; Humans; Incidence; Neoplasms, Cystic, Mucinous, and Serous; Neoplasms, Second Primary; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Prevalence; Prognosis; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors
PubMed: 26109820
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i23.7313 -
International Journal of Clinical and... 2014To evaluate the risk factors influencing the recurrence of papillary thyroid carcinoma. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the risk factors influencing the recurrence of papillary thyroid carcinoma.
METHODS
This meta-analysis used MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE and CNKI including all cohort studies reporting the risk factors influencing the recurrence after the initial operation on PTC up to February 23, 2014. Software RevMan 5.2 was used for meta-analysis.
RESULTS
Thirteen studies with a total of 7048 patients were included in our meta-analysis. Of all variables, gender, extrathyroid extension, LNM, tumor size, distance metastasis, thyroid surgery types and 131-I given or not were significantly correlated with recurrence, While overall recurrence was similar between the group of ≤ 45 years and > 45 years, multifolicality and solitary. However, when stratified the participants by study location (ie, Asian including China, Korea, Japan, Western country including America, France, Italy, Australia), a statistically significant summary odds ratio for age were found in Western country but none in Asian.
CONCLUSION
The risk factors influencing recurrence includes male, extrathyroid extension, LNM, tumor size more than 2 cm, distance metastasis and subtotal thyroidectomy. However, selection of operation mode should be based on not only the recurrence but the comprehensive consideration of the clinical features.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Carcinoma; Carcinoma, Papillary; Chi-Square Distribution; Female; Humans; Lymphatic Metastasis; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Neoplasm Staging; Odds Ratio; Risk Factors; Sex Factors; Thyroid Cancer, Papillary; Thyroid Neoplasms; Thyroidectomy; Treatment Outcome; Tumor Burden
PubMed: 25337182
DOI: No ID Found