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PeerJ 2018Despite great progress in studies on infection in insects, the knowledge about its relations with beetle species, populations and individuals, and the effects of...
BACKGROUND
Despite great progress in studies on infection in insects, the knowledge about its relations with beetle species, populations and individuals, and the effects of bacteria on these hosts, is still unsatisfactory. In this review we summarize the current state of knowledge about occurrence and interactions with Coleopteran hosts.
METHODS
An intensive search of the available literature resulted in the selection of 86 publications that describe the relevant details about presence among beetles. These publications were then examined with respect to the distribution and taxonomy of infected hosts and diversity of found in beetles. Sequences of genes () were used for the phylogenetic analyses.
RESULTS
The collected publications revealed that has been confirmed in 204 beetle species and that the estimated average prevalence of this bacteria across beetle species is 38.3% and varies greatly across families and genera (0-88% infected members) and is much lower (c. 13%) in geographic studies. The majority of the examined and infected beetles were from Europe and East Asia. The most intensively studied have been two groups of herbivorous beetles: Curculionidae and Chrysomelidae. Coleoptera harbor belonging to three supergroups: F found in only three species, and A and B found in similar numbers of beetles (including some doubly infected); however the latter two were most prevalent in different families. A total of 59% of species with precise data were found to be totally infected. Single infections were found in 69% of species and others were doubly- or multiply-infected. caused numerous effects on its beetle hosts, including selective sweep with host mtDNA (found in 3% of species), cytoplasmic incompatibility (detected in c. 6% of beetles) and other effects related to reproduction or development (like male-killing, possible parthenogenesis or haplodiploidy induction, and egg development). Phylogenetic reconstructions for genes rejected cospeciation between these bacteria and Coleoptera, with minor exceptions found in some Hydraenidae, Curculionidae and Chrysomelidae. In contrast, horizontal transmission of bacteria has been suspected or proven in numerous cases (e.g., among beetles sharing habitats and/or host plants).
DISCUSSION
The present knowledge about infection across beetle species and populations is very uneven. Even the basic data about infection status in species and frequency of infected species across genera and families is very superficial, as only c. 0.15% of all beetle species have been tested so far. Future studies on diversity in Coleoptera should still be based on the Multi-locus Sequence Typing system, and next-generation sequencing technologies will be important for uncovering relations with host evolution and ecology, as well as with other, co-occurring endosymbiotic bacteria.
PubMed: 29568706
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4471 -
Journal of Ovarian Research Mar 2017Mature cystic teratomas are usually found in the ovaries. They are bilateral in 10 to 15% of cases and multiple cystic teratomas may be present in one ovary. The aim of... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Mature cystic teratomas are usually found in the ovaries. They are bilateral in 10 to 15% of cases and multiple cystic teratomas may be present in one ovary. The aim of this study is to clarify if development of mature cystic teratomas of the ovaries in a single host is metachronous or due to autoimplant or recurrence.
CASE PRESENTATION
We report a woman with bilateral mature cystic teratomas of the ovaries. DNA profiles of these teratomas were investigated via short tandem repeat (STR) analysis and methylation statuses were determined via methylation sensitive multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification methods. The results showed that the cystic teratomas originated from different stages of oogonia or primary oocyte before germinal vesicle stage failure of meiosis I in female gametogenesis. Potentially relevant literature was searched in PubMed database. Cases of bilateral or multiple mature cystic teratomas of the ovaries were analyzed. To date, there has been no reported case of multiple mature cystic teratomas in which clarification of the origin was achieved using molecular genetic methods.
CONCLUSIONS
The results of this case study provide evidence of metachronous development of mature cystic teratomas of the ovaries and may serve as a reference in the management of patients following laparoscopic cystectomy.
Topics: Adult; DNA Copy Number Variations; DNA Methylation; Female; Genetic Loci; Humans; Loss of Heterozygosity; Microsatellite Repeats; Neoplasm Grading; Neoplasms, Second Primary; Ovarian Neoplasms; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Teratoma
PubMed: 28288660
DOI: 10.1186/s13048-017-0313-8