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Frontiers in Immunology 2024This systematic review aimed to verify whether there is evidence of an association between apical periodontitis and the presence of systemic biomarkers. This study...
UNLABELLED
This systematic review aimed to verify whether there is evidence of an association between apical periodontitis and the presence of systemic biomarkers. This study adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses - PRISMA. For this, the acronym PECO was used; population (P) of adult humans exposed (E) to the presence of apical periodontitis, compared (C) to adult humans without apical periodontitis, and the outcome (O) of the presence of biomarkers was observed. The articles were searched in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS, Cochrane Library, OpenGray, and Google Scholar grey databases. Subsequently, studies were excluded based on title, abstract, and full article reading, following the eligibility criteria. The methodological quality of the selected studies was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa qualifier. After exclusion, 656 studies were identified, resulting in 17 final articles that were divided into case-control, cross-sectional, and cohort studies. Eight studies were considered to have a low risk of bias, one had a medium risk of bias, and eight had a high risk of bias. In addition, 12 articles evaluated biomarkers in blood plasma, four evaluated them in saliva, and only one evaluated them in gingival crevicular fluid. The results of these studies indicated an association between apical periodontitis and the systemic presence of biomarkers. These markers are mainly related to inflammation, such as interleukins IL-1, IL-2, and IL-6, oxidative markers, such as nitric oxide and superoxide anions, and immunoglobulins IgG and IgM.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier (CRD42023493959).
Topics: Humans; Biomarkers; Periapical Periodontitis
PubMed: 38840914
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1366954 -
Frontiers in Chemistry 2024This study investigated the effect of photodynamic therapy on chronic periodontitis patients and then evaluated the microbial, immunological, periodontal, and clinical... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
This study investigated the effect of photodynamic therapy on chronic periodontitis patients and then evaluated the microbial, immunological, periodontal, and clinical outcomes. The significant effects of photodynamic therapy obtained by and studies have made it a popular treatment for periodontal diseases in recent years. Photodynamic therapy is a novel bactericidal strategy that is stronger, faster, and less expensive than scaling and root planing.
METHOD
This study registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021267008) and retrieved fifty-three randomized controlled trials by searching nine databases (Medline, Embase, Scopus, Open Gray, Google Scholar, ProQuest, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov) from 2008 to 2023. Of 721 records identified through database searches following title and full-text analysis, and excluding duplicate and irrelevant publications, 53 articles were included in this systematic review. Fifty of the 53 eligible studies fulfilled all the criteria in the Joanna Briggs Institute's (JBI's) Checklist for RCTs; the remaining articles met 9-12 criteria and were considered high quality.
RESULTS
The present study showed that photodynamic therapy in adjunct to scaling and root planing has the potential to improve periodontal parameters such as clinical attachment loss or gain, decrease in bleeding on probing, and probing pocket depth. In addition, photodynamic therapy decreases the rate of periodontal pathogens and inflammation markers, which, in turn, reduces the progression of periodontitis.
CONCLUSION
Photodynamic therapy is considered a promising, adjunctive, and low-cost therapeutic method that is effective in tissue repair, reducing chronic periodontitis, reducing inflammation, and well-tolerated by patients.
PubMed: 38817441
DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1384344 -
Cureus Apr 2024is the primary microbe in the "periodontal red complex" bacteria (PRCB) along with and , which are linked to periodontal disease (PD). These pathogens are also... (Review)
Review
is the primary microbe in the "periodontal red complex" bacteria (PRCB) along with and , which are linked to periodontal disease (PD). These pathogens are also implicated in various systemic disorders, but their association with the incidence of gastrointestinal (GI) cancer is less explored. A systematic review followed by a meta-analysis was conducted as per standard guidelines (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) 2022) to find this association between GI cancers and PRCB after a literature search for full-text papers in the English language (between 2010 and 2023) in databases (Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Web of Science) with suitable keywords using the Boolean search strategy. Data extraction involved titles, abstracts, and full texts retrieved and scored by the modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The data were analyzed by the Review Manager (RevMan 5.2, Cochrane Collaboration, Denmark). Standard Cochran Q test and I statistics (for heterogeneity) and a random effects model (pooled OR with 95% CI) were applied to report results. among the PRCB was linked to GI cancers (OR: 2.16; 95% CI: 1.34-3.47). and did not show meaningful associations as per existing evidence for GI cancers.
PubMed: 38813341
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59251 -
PloS One 2024This review aimed to chart the landscape of literature concerning the precise applications of traditional medicine in managing specific oral diseases and, in doing so,...
BACKGROUND
This review aimed to chart the landscape of literature concerning the precise applications of traditional medicine in managing specific oral diseases and, in doing so, to pinpoint knowledge gaps surrounding the use of traditional medicine for oral disease management in the African context.
METHODS
A systematic search of the literature was conducted on PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and CINAHL. The search was conducted from the inception of the database till September 2023. A search of related citations and references was also carried out. Only English language publications were included. A summary of studies that met the inclusion criteria was conducted.
RESULTS
Of the 584 records identified, 11 were duplicates and 12 studies, published between 2006 and 2021, met the inclusion criteria. The studies were published from eight countries located in the five sub-regions on the continent. All the studies were either experimental designs or ethnobotanical surveys and they all utilized plant-based remedies. The five experimental studies aimed to assess the impact of whole plants or plant extracts on the three microorganisms responsible for dental caries and seven responsible for periodontal diseases. The number of plant species identified by the seven ethnobotanical surveys ranged from 29 to 62 while the number of plan families ranged from 15 to 29. The remedies were either topical applied, use as mouth rinses, gargled, or chewed. The systemic routes of administration identified were inhalation and drinking. The remedies were used for the treatment of hard such as dental caries and tooth sensitivity, to soft tissue lesions such as mouth ulcers, gingival bleeding, and mouth thrush. Other oral disorders managed include halitosis, jaw fracture, and oral cancer.
CONCLUSIONS
Given the increasing prevalence of oral diseases within the region, the shortage of oral healthcare professionals and limited access to financial resources, it becomes imperative to support the generation of empirical evidence to enhance the provision of traditional medicine for oral healthcare in Africa.
Topics: Humans; Africa; Dental Caries; Ethnobotany; Medicine, African Traditional; Medicine, Traditional; Mouth Diseases; Oral Health; Periodontal Diseases; Phytotherapy
PubMed: 38805486
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297570 -
Clinics and Practice May 2024The relevance of assessing the gingival phenotype prior to the initiation of periodontal, orthodontic, or prosthetic therapy has been clearly demonstrated. However,... (Review)
Review
The relevance of assessing the gingival phenotype prior to the initiation of periodontal, orthodontic, or prosthetic therapy has been clearly demonstrated. However, publications on this subject are either old or concerned with the means of assessing the gingival phenotype or the main factors likely to modify it. The main objective of this systematic review of the literature was therefore to investigate the prevalence of different gingival phenotypes in adults in good general health and with a healthy periodontium. A systematic review of the literature was performed following the guidelines of PRISMA recommendations using an electronic search strategy on four databases (PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Embase) complemented by a manual search. Three independent authors were involved in study selection, data extraction, and bias assessment. Results: Of 807 articles, 17 of them, published between 2012 and 2023, involving 3277 subjects from 11 countries and 9766 dental sites, fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The prevalence of the gingival phenotype could not be determined at the level of an individual or a dental arch because all the publications assessed this phenotype only at the level of certain dental sectors, and were not chosen at random. The maxillary central incisors and maxillary or mandibular first molar sectors were associated with a high and thick gingival phenotype, independently of the dental morphology, gender, and age of adult subjects. Furthermore, in these regions, this gingival phenotype tended to be associated with a thick vestibular bone table. In contrast, maxillary and mandibular incisors and premolars more often had a thin gingival phenotype. For other teeth, the results were less conclusive. It is important not to rely solely on the overall appearance of the dentition but to independently assess the thickness and height of the gingiva at each dental site requiring intervention. Finally, this study highlights a key point, namely the need for further longitudinal studies to determine the prevalence in healthy adults. For practicality and feasibility reasons, these studies should be designed according to therapeutic needs, dental sector by dental sector, and within homogeneous source populations. PROSPERO registration: CRD 42023392602.
PubMed: 38804396
DOI: 10.3390/clinpract14030064 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Apr 2024The oral cavity is a habitat to a diverse range of organisms that make up an essential element of the human microbiota. There are up to 1000 species of micro-organisms... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The oral cavity is a habitat to a diverse range of organisms that make up an essential element of the human microbiota. There are up to 1000 species of micro-organisms capable of colonizing the mouth. Thirty percent of them are uncultivable. The genus Entamoeba includes several species, out of which at least seven of them are able to inhabit the human body (, , , , , , ). It was shown that only is able to colonize the oral cavity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association and prevalence of in periodontal disease using two electronic database search engines. In order to have a broader view of the subject, a comprehensive manual search was conducted between 15th February 2023 and 1 April 2023 on these content aggregators and the initial search resulted in 277 articles using the keywords "", "periodontitis", "", "periodontal disease", "prevalence", and "incidence", in different combinations. The results showed that 755 patients were infected with out of a total number of 1729 patients diagnosed with periodontal disease, indicating a global prevalence of 43% in the set of patients analyzed. was prevalent in 58% of the patients that had gingivitis and in 44% of the patients with periodontitis. Prevalence of based on gender was 43% in female patients and 47% in male patients. The results indicate that the higher incidence of in people with periodontal disease compared to healthy people is more than just a sign of the disease; it could also be linked to the severity of the condition and the disease propensity to progress.
Topics: Humans; Entamoeba; Periodontal Diseases; Entamoebiasis; Prevalence; Female; Male
PubMed: 38792919
DOI: 10.3390/medicina60050736 -
Journal of Functional Biomaterials May 2024The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different irrigating solutions as well as their combination and activation modes on root canal dentin microhardness.... (Review)
Review
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different irrigating solutions as well as their combination and activation modes on root canal dentin microhardness. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO and PRISMA guidelines were followed. The structured question was as follows: "Which type of irrigating solution used in endodontic treatment causes more change in dentin microhardness?" The literature was screened via PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Science Direct. The last search was carried out in February 2023 with English language restriction. Two reviewers independently performed screening and evaluation of articles. A total of 470 articles were retrieved from all the databases, whereas only 114 articles were selected for full-text analysis. After applying eligibility criteria, 44 studies were evaluated and included in this review. The results showed that with increased contact time with irrigants, dentin microhardness decreases. Increased contact time with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) was associated with more reduction in dentin microhardness compared with other irrigants. Other irrigants, with the exception of distilled water, including EDTA, citric acid, herbal irrigants, glycolic acid, phytic acid, etc., in this study significantly decreased dentin microhardness. The maximum reduction in dentin microhardness was seen with 2.5% NaOCl after 15 min of contact time. The use of irrigating solutions alters the chemical composition of dentin, thereby decreasing its microhardness, which affects the clinical performance of endodontically treated teeth.
PubMed: 38786643
DOI: 10.3390/jfb15050132 -
Dentistry Journal May 2024The present systematic review was performed to assess the application of orally derived stem cells in periodontal regenerative therapy, and because of this, the... (Review)
Review
The present systematic review was performed to assess the application of orally derived stem cells in periodontal regenerative therapy, and because of this, the following PICO question was proposed: "In patients with periodontitis, can the adjunctive use of orally derived stem cells provide additional clinical and radiographic benefits for periodontal regeneration?". Randomized clinical studies were electronically and manually searched up until December 2023. Quantitative analyses were performed with the aim of evaluating the mean differences (MDs) between the treatment and control groups in terms of clinical attachment level (CAL) gain, probing pocket depth (PPD) reduction, gingival recession (GR), and radiographic bone gain (RBG) using random effect models. A total of seven studies were selected for the systematic review. Meta-analyses excluding studies with a high risk of bias highlighted a non-statistically significant result for the use of stem cells when compared to the control groups in terms of CAL gain [MD = 1.05; 95% CI (-0.88, 2.97) = 0.29] and PPD reduction [MD = 1.32; 95% CI (-0.25, 2.88) = 0.10]. The same also applied to GR [MD = -0.08; 95% CI (-0.79, 0.63) = 0.83] and RBG [MD = 0.50; 95% CI (-0.88, 1.88) = 0.48]. Based on the high heterogeneity, there is not enough evidence to consider the adjunctive application of orally derived mesenchymal stem cells as a preferential approach for periodontal regenerative treatment, as compared to standard procedures.
PubMed: 38786543
DOI: 10.3390/dj12050145 -
Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024The removal of dental plaque from the gingival margins of the teeth is essential to maintaining periodontal health. Whilst it has been established that electric... (Review)
Review
The removal of dental plaque from the gingival margins of the teeth is essential to maintaining periodontal health. Whilst it has been established that electric toothbrushes demonstrate a greater ability to remove plaque, no systematic review has specifically investigated which technology is better for removing plaque from the interdental tooth surfaces, where plaque control may be more difficult. Three databases were searched until October 2023: MEDLINE and DOSSS via EBSCOhost and Embase. Data extraction was carried out on studies which met the inclusion criteria, and a risk of bias assessment was completed. The study findings were combined via a narrative synthesis and a meta-analysis where appropriate. A total of 77 studies were found, out of which 14 were selected and included in the analysis. The mean difference in interproximal plaque reduction, measured using the Rustogi Modified Naval Plaque Index (RMNPI) at 8 weeks, was 0.09 ( < 0.00001) in favor of the oscillating-rotating toothbrush. At 6 and 12 weeks, the mean difference in plaque reduction (RMNPI) was 0.05 ( = 0.0008) and 0.04 ( = 0.0001) in favor of the oscillating-rotating toothbrush, respectively. The studies show a tendency for oscillating-rotating toothbrushes to remove more interproximal plaque than oscillating toothbrushes, especially in a short time (8 weeks).
PubMed: 38786445
DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12101035 -
Journal of Orthodontic Science 2024Enamel demineralization is a very common occurrence around bonded brackets in an orthodontic practice. Fluoride (FLR) applications have been used to prevent... (Review)
Review
Enamel demineralization is a very common occurrence around bonded brackets in an orthodontic practice. Fluoride (FLR) applications have been used to prevent decalcification and further progression of white spot lesions. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to systematically appraise available literature on the effectiveness of fluoride mouthrinse in the prevention of demineralization around fixed orthodontic appliances. A search was conducted for randomized controlled clinical trials among four electronic databases (MEDLINE, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Cochrane Review) through MeSH terms and keywords. Studies were excluded if random allocation was not conducted, or if they were animal or studies. About 146 articles were screened and 5 studies were selected for the present review. Only two studies were selected for MA due to variations in the measurement of outcomes among studies. This review concluded that rinsing with FLR in the course of the fixed orthodontic treatment lessens demineralization around the bracket. Using FLR mouthrinse to inhibit the formation of white spot lesions or dental caries in patients with multiple cavities or restoration can be considered in clinical practice.
PubMed: 38784077
DOI: 10.4103/jos.jos_116_23