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Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Apr 2024Periodontitis is a disease linked to severe dysbiosis of the subgingival microbiome. The treatment of periodontitis aims to change the dysbiosis environment to a... (Review)
Review
Periodontitis is a disease linked to severe dysbiosis of the subgingival microbiome. The treatment of periodontitis aims to change the dysbiosis environment to a symbiosis environment. We hypothesized that oral microbiota transplantation can lead to a significant improvement in periodontitis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of microbiota transplantation after standard periodontal treatment in periodontitis patients. The search strategy was carried out by using the Boolean term "AND" to combine the keywords, which were "periodontitis AND microbiota transplantation". Due to the limited resources of the study, we included both in vitro and in vivo investigations in this systematic review. The QUIN risk of bias tool was employed to assess the risk of bias in in vitro studies, while SYRCLE's risk of bias assessment was used for in vivo studies. Oral microbiota transplants (OMTs) have shown potential in treating periodontitis. OMTs significantly reduced periodontitis-associated pathogenic microbial species (, , sp.) and increased beneficial bacteria (, , , , , and upon in vitro testing. Furthermore, in the in vivo tests, single adjunctive OMT also had an effect on the oral microbiota composition compared to the full-mouth mechanical and antimicrobial debridement. OMTs may be cheaper and more effective at addressing high-risk individuals. At present, it is not possible to provide OMT clinical advice due to the lack of available information. This treatment needs to be subjected to more safety and efficacy testing before being included human clinical trials.
Topics: Humans; Microbiota; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontitis; Dysbiosis
PubMed: 38674317
DOI: 10.3390/medicina60040672 -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2024Molecular methods have become integral to microbiological research for microbial identification. This literature review focuses on the application of molecular methods... (Review)
Review
Molecular methods have become integral to microbiological research for microbial identification. This literature review focuses on the application of molecular methods in examining airborne bacteria and fungi in healthcare facilities. In January 2024, a comprehensive electronic search was carried out in esteemed databases including PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, employing carefully selected keywords such as ((bacteria) OR (virus) OR (fungi)) AND (aerosol) AND ((hospital) OR (healthcare) OR (dental office)) AND ((molecular) OR (PCR) OR (NGS) OR (RNA) OR (DNA) OR (metagenomic) OR (microarray)), following the PRISMA protocol. The review specifically targets healthcare environments with elevated concentrations of pathogenic bacteria. A total of 487 articles were initially identified, but only 13 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. The study disclosed that the prevalent molecular methodology for appraising aerosol quality encompassed the utilization of the PCR method, incorporating either 16S rRNA (bacteria) or 18S rRNA (fungi) amplification techniques. Notably, five diverse molecular techniques, specifically PFGE, DGGE, SBT, LAMP, and DNA hybridization methods, were implemented in five distinct studies. These molecular tests exhibited superior capabilities compared to traditional bacterial and fungal cultures, providing precise strain identification. Additionally, the molecular methods allowed the detection of gene sequences associated with antibiotic resistance. In conclusion, molecular testing offers significant advantages over classical microbiological culture, providing more comprehensive information.
Topics: Fungi; Aerosols; Bacteria; Air Microbiology; Humans; Health Facilities
PubMed: 38673740
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084154 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Apr 2024: to evaluate the effectiveness of different topical agents in biofilm disaggregation during non-surgical periodontal therapy. : the search strategy was conducted... (Review)
Review
: to evaluate the effectiveness of different topical agents in biofilm disaggregation during non-surgical periodontal therapy. : the search strategy was conducted according to the PRISMA 2020 on Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science, and it was registered in PROSPERO, ID: CRD42023474232. It included studies comparing non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) with and without the application of topical agents for biofilm disruption. A risk of bias analysis, a qualitative analysis, and a quantitative analysis were performed. : out of 1583 records, 11 articles were included: 10 randomized clinical trials and one retrospective analysis. The total number of participants considered in the 11 articles included in the study was 386. The primary outcomes were probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and bleeding indices. The secondary outcomes were plaque indices, gingival recessions, and microbiological parameters. The meta-analysis revealed the following: [Weighted mean difference (WMD): -0.37; 95% confidence interval (CI) (-0.62, -0.12), heterogeneity I: 79%, statistical significance = 0.004]. : the meta-analysis of probing pocket depth reduction (PPD) between baseline and follow-up at 3-6 months showed a statistically significant result in favor of sulfonated phenolics gel. The scientific evidence is still limited and heterogeneous; further randomized clinical trials are required.
PubMed: 38673451
DOI: 10.3390/jcm13082179 -
Dentistry Journal Apr 2024Caries and periodontitis are the most prevalent oral diseases worldwide. Major factors contributing to the development of these oral conditions include poor oral... (Review)
Review
Caries and periodontitis are the most prevalent oral diseases worldwide. Major factors contributing to the development of these oral conditions include poor oral hygiene, dental biofilm formation, high carbohydrates diet, smoking, other systemic diseases, and genetic factors. Various preventive measures have been established to mitigate the risk of caries and periodontal disease development. The present review aims to discuss the role of the probiotics and in the prevention and treatment of caries and periodontal diseases. The study was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines and was registered on PROSPERO. The search involved PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus and considered the PICO format. Studies were screened by two reviewers independently, and disagreements were solved by consensus with a third reviewer. Data extraction included details about the type of probiotics, strains, and purpose of administration. A total of 15 RCTs were included, of which just 1 was about tooth cavities. Overall, 87% of the included studies were good-quality papers regarding the Jadad Scale. Several studies agreed on the potential of probiotics and , both alone and combined, to prevent and improve clinical outcomes in caries and periodontal treatments, weaker evidence is provided for the microbiological benefit.
PubMed: 38668014
DOI: 10.3390/dj12040102 -
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2024After pulp infection and necrosis, the passage of microbial antigens into the periapical space causes apical periodontitis (AP). Most of the clinical forms of AP can be... (Review)
Review
UNLABELLED
After pulp infection and necrosis, the passage of microbial antigens into the periapical space causes apical periodontitis (AP). Most of the clinical forms of AP can be managed without prescribing antibiotics, only with root canal treatment and abscess drainage or, where appropriate, tooth extraction. However, the scientific literature provides evidence of inappropriate antibiotic prescriptions by dentists in the management of apical disease.
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to analyze the global pattern of antibiotic prescription in the treatment of apical disease.
METHODS
PRISMA Guidelines were followed to carry out this systematic review. The research question was as follows: What is the pattern of antibiotic prescription by dentists in the treatment of the different clinical forms of apical periodontitis? A systematic search was conducted on MEDLINE/PubMed, Wiley Online Database, Web of Science and Scopus. All studies reporting data about the pattern of antibiotic prescription by dentists in the treatment of apical disease were included. The meta-analyses were calculated using the Open Meta Analyst version 10.10 software. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The certainty of evidence was assessed using GRADE.
RESULTS
The search strategy identified 96 articles and thirty-nine cross-sectional studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The overall percentage of antibiotic prescriptions by dentists in cases of symptomatic AP was 25.8%, and 31.5% in cases of asymptomatic AP with sinus tract present. The percentage of dentists prescribing antibiotics in cases of acute apical abscess with no/mild symptoms was 47.7%, whereas, in cases of acute apical abscess with moderate/severe symptoms, 88.8% of dentists would prescribe antibiotics. Endodontists prescribe antibiotics at a lower rate than general practitioners. The total risk of bias was considered moderate, and the final rating for the certainty of the evidence was low.
CONCLUSIONS
Dentists worldwide are over-prescribing antibiotics in the management of apical disease. It is necessary to improve antibiotic prescribing habits in the treatment of endodontic infections, as well as educational initiatives to encourage the rational and appropriate prescription of antibiotics in periapical diseases.
PubMed: 38666965
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13040289 -
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth Apr 2024In this umbrella review, we systematically evaluated the evidence from meta-analyses and systematic reviews of maternal factors associated with low birth weight.
BACKGROUND
In this umbrella review, we systematically evaluated the evidence from meta-analyses and systematic reviews of maternal factors associated with low birth weight.
METHODS
PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched to identify all relevant published studies up to August 2023. We included all meta-analysis studies (based on cohort, case-control, cross-sectional studies) that examined the association between maternal factors (15 risk factors) and risk of LBW, regardless of publication date. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the summary effect size along with the 95% confidence interval (CI), 95% prediction interval, and heterogeneity (I) in all meta-analyses. Hedges' g was used as the effect size metric. The effects of small studies and excess significance biases were assessed using funnel plots and the Egger's test, respectively. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the AMSTAR 2 tool.
RESULTS
We included 13 systematic Review with 15 meta-analysis studies in our study based on the inclusion criteria. The following 13 maternal factors were identified as risk factors for low birth weight: crack/cocaine (odds ratio [OR] 2.82, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.26-3.52), infertility (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.2-1.48), smoking (OR 2.00, 95% CI 1.76-2.28), periodontal disease (OR 2.41, 95% CI 1.67-3.47), depression (OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.34-2.53), anemia (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.13-1.55), caffeine/coffee (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.14-1.57), heavy physical workload (OR 1.87, 95% CI 1.00-3.47), lifting ≥ 11 kg (OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.02-2.48), underweight (OR 1.79, 95% CI 1.20-2.67), alcohol (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.04-1.46), hypertension (OR 3.90, 95% CI 2.73-5.58), and hypothyroidism (OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.01-1.94). A significant negative association was also reported between antenatal care and low birth weight.
CONCLUSIONS
This umbrella review identified drug use (such as crack/cocaine), infertility, smoking, periodontal disease, depression, caffeine and anemia as risk factors for low birth weight in pregnant women. These findings suggest that pregnant women can reduce the risk of low birth weight by maintaining good oral health, eating a healthy diet, managing stress and mental health, and avoiding smoking and drug use.
Topics: Humans; Infant, Low Birth Weight; Female; Risk Factors; Pregnancy; Infant, Newborn; Pregnancy Complications; Meta-Analysis as Topic; Systematic Reviews as Topic
PubMed: 38664680
DOI: 10.1186/s12884-024-06487-y -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2024
PubMed: 38659984
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1383404 -
Cureus Apr 2024Free gingival grafts (FGGs) have developed beyond covering exposed roots to improve the width and thickness of gingival tissue. While traditional FGGs have shown a high... (Review)
Review
Free gingival grafts (FGGs) have developed beyond covering exposed roots to improve the width and thickness of gingival tissue. While traditional FGGs have shown a high success rate and are easy to apply, they have some drawbacks, such as potential aesthetic concerns and bulky appearance. Recent advancements in FGGs have been explored, with different modifications proposed to overcome these limitations, including partly epithelialized FGGs (PE-FGG), gingival unit grafts, and epithelialized subepithelial connective tissue grafts. This systematic review aims to evaluate published case reports that discuss the utilization of modified approaches to FGG treatment and their outcome.
PubMed: 38659709
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.58932 -
Journal of Lasers in Medical Sciences 2024Endodontic treatment of teeth with periapical lesions presents more clinical difficulty. Various lasers in several methods are used in endodontics, and most of them are... (Review)
Review
Endodontic treatment of teeth with periapical lesions presents more clinical difficulty. Various lasers in several methods are used in endodontics, and most of them are utilized as an adjunctive protocol in order to reduce the bacterial load of the root canal system. Improved disinfection plays a crucial role in enhanced and accelerated healing of periapical lesions. This review aims to summarize studies assessing the effect of lasers on periapical lesion healing. PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science (ISI) online databases were searched, with no publication year or status restriction, for relevant articles on April 2023. Clinical studies evaluating the effect of laser application on the periapical lesion of patients using radiographic assessment were considered eligible for inclusion. Eight studies were included after carefully screening the obtained articles, first by their title and abstract and then by their full texts. Diode (4), Er, Cr: YSGG (3), and Nd: YAG (1) lasers were used with output powers that varied from 0.75 to 2 watts. Photodynamic therapy was employed in two studies, and in other studies, the root canal system was directly irradiated. Irradiation of the root canal system was adjunctive to standard preparation in all studies. The healing of the teeth treated with lasers was not inferior to those conventionally treated. In all of the included studies, laser application outperformed the standard cleaning and shaping protocol; however, this improved or faster healing was not statistically significant in most studies. Lasers might expedite and improve the healing process of periapical lesions. Since lasers enhance the quality of cleaning of the root canal system, it is hard to point out the exact mechanism of it. Further investigations are needed to realize the effectiveness of this treatment modality and to discover the underlying biological concepts.
PubMed: 38655043
DOI: 10.34172/jlms.2024.06 -
Acta Odontologica Scandinavica Apr 2024This study aims to compare the clinical efficacy of simple bone grafting and bone grafting combined with guided tissue regeneration (GTR) in periodontal regenerative... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Comparative Study
OBJECTIVE
This study aims to compare the clinical efficacy of simple bone grafting and bone grafting combined with guided tissue regeneration (GTR) in periodontal regenerative therapy.
METHODS
The authors systematically searched PubMed, the Web of Science, The National Library of Medicine, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure database and the Wanfang database and collected randomized controlled trials relating to bone graft co-guided tissue regeneration. The retrieval was conducted between January 1990 and December 2022. This study included relevant literature about the clinical efficacy of bone grafting combined with GTR according to the population, intervention, control and outcomes principle and excluded studies using other materials in addition to bone graft and membrane materials. After independently screening the literature, extracting the data and evaluating the risk of bias in the included studies, data analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software. Results: Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria, and, after further evaluation, a total of 327 teeth that were featured in 15 articles were finally included for meta-analysis. The meta-analysis showed that there was no significant statistical difference in clinical attachment level, probing depth and bone gain between the test group (bone grafting with GTR) and the control group (bone grafting only) at 6 months after the operation (p > 0.05). In terms of gingival recession (GR), the use of non-resorbable membranes produced more recession in the test group compared with the control group (p < 0.05), whereas the use of resorbable membranes produced less recession (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Both simple bone grafting and bone grafting combined with membrane materials have good clinical efficacy in periodontal regenerative therapy, and no significant difference in clinical efficacy is indicated between the two, with the exception of GR.
Topics: Humans; Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal; Bone Transplantation; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 38646940
DOI: 10.2340/aos.v83.40255