-
Archives of Oral Biology Apr 2020This systematic review aimed to analyse: a) the presence and the abundance of Fusobacterium; b) the Fusobacterium species most often found, and c) the most common... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
AIMS
This systematic review aimed to analyse: a) the presence and the abundance of Fusobacterium; b) the Fusobacterium species most often found, and c) the most common methods used for their identification in oral/head and neck cancer samples.
DESIGN
A protocol was registered on PROSPERO database. This review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Literature search was performed on five electronic biomedical databases, namely Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane from their start dates to 30 August 2018. Two reviewers independently assessed the eligibility for inclusion; extracted the data; and evaluated the risk of bias.
RESULTS
From 118 unique abstract records, 88 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, 17 publications were included in this review. Meta-analysis showed an increased prevalence of 6 % (95 % CI, 3-9) of Fusobacterium in tumour lesions than in non-tumour lesions (Fusobacterium prevalence of 16 % in tumour lesions and of 10 % in non-tumour lesions), and a 2.93 higher chance of Fusobacterium being present in tumour lesions (95 % CI, 1.47-5.81). The most common detection methods were based on molecular evidence (64.70 %) (95 % CI, 37.7-84.7). F. nucleatum was the most prevalent species (47.06 %) (95 % CI, 23.5-72).
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, Fusobacterium is present and in higher abundance in oral/head and neck cancer samples when compared to non-cancer samples, suggesting that Fusobacterium may contribute to oral/head and neck cancer development.
Topics: Fusobacterium; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans
PubMed: 32028171
DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104669 -
United European Gastroenterology Journal Oct 2019Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) and chronic rheumatic diseases (CRDs) are systemic chronic disorders sharing common genetic, immune and environmental factors. About... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
INTRODUCTION
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) and chronic rheumatic diseases (CRDs) are systemic chronic disorders sharing common genetic, immune and environmental factors. About half of patients with IBD develop rheumatic ailments and microscopic intestinal inflammation is present in up to half of CRD patients. IBD and CRD patients also share a common therapeutic armamentarium. Disequilibrium in the complex realm of microbes (known as dysbiosis) that closely interact with the gut mucosal immune system has been associated with both IBD and CRD (spondyloarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis). Whether dysbiosis represents an epiphenomenon or a prodromal feature remains to be determined.
METHODS
In an attempt to further investigate whether specific gut dysbiosis may be the missing link between IBD and CRD in patients developing both diseases, we performed here a systematic literature review focusing on studies looking at bacterial microbiota in CRD and/or IBD patients.
RESULTS
We included 80 studies, with a total of 3799 IBD patients without arthritis, 1084 CRD patients without IBD, 132 IBD patients with arthropathy manifestations and 12 spondyloarthritis patients with IBD history. Overall, this systematic review indicates that an increase in s, and genera, as well as a decrease in genera and species belonging to Verrucomicrobia and Fusobacteria phyla are common features in IBD and CRD patients, whereas dozens of bacterial species are specific features of CRD and IBD.
CONCLUSION
Further work is needed to understand the functions of bacteria and of their metabolites but also to characterize fungi and viruses that are commonly found in these patients.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Child; Chronic Disease; Dysbiosis; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Inflammation; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Intestinal Mucosa; Intestines; Male; Microbiota; Middle Aged; Rheumatic Diseases; Young Adult
PubMed: 31662859
DOI: 10.1177/2050640619867555 -
Frontiers in Psychiatry 2019Recently discovered relationships between the gastrointestinal microbiome and the brain have implications for psychiatric disorders, including major depressive disorder...
Recently discovered relationships between the gastrointestinal microbiome and the brain have implications for psychiatric disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD). Bacterial transplantation from MDD patients to rodents produces depression-like behaviors. In humans, case-control studies have examined the gut microbiome in healthy and affected individuals. We systematically reviewed existing studies comparing gut microbial composition in MDD and healthy volunteers. A PubMed literature search combined the terms "depression," "depressive disorder," "stool," "fecal," "gut," and "microbiome" to identify human case-control studies that investigated relationships between MDD and microbiota quantified from stool. We evaluated the resulting studies, focusing on bacterial taxa that were different between MDD and healthy controls. Six eligible studies were found in which 50 taxa exhibited differences ( < 0.05) between patients with MDD and controls. Patient characteristics and methodologies varied widely between studies. Five phyla-, and -were represented; however, divergent results occurred across studies for all phyla. The largest number of differentiating taxa were within phylum , in which nine families and 12 genera differentiated the diagnostic groups. The majority of these families and genera were found to be statistically different between the two groups in two identified studies. Family differentiated the diagnostic groups in four studies (with an even split in directionality). Across all five phyla, nine genera were higher in MDD (, and ), six were lower (, and ), and six were divergent (, and ). We highlight mechanisms and products of bacterial metabolism as they may relate to the etiology of depression. No consensus has emerged from existing human studies of depression and gut microbiome concerning which bacterial taxa are most relevant to depression. This may in part be due to differences in study design. Given that bacterial functions are conserved across taxonomic groups, we propose that studying microbial functioning may be more productive than a purely taxonomic approach to understanding the gut microbiome in depression.
PubMed: 30804820
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00034 -
Cancer Medicine Feb 2019The fecal Fusobacterium nucleatum has been reported as a potential noninvasive biomarker for colorectal tumor in several studies, but its exact diagnostic accuracy was... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
The fecal Fusobacterium nucleatum has been reported as a potential noninvasive biomarker for colorectal tumor in several studies, but its exact diagnostic accuracy was ambiguous due to the wide range of sensitivity and specificity. To assess the diagnostic accuracy of fecal F. nucleatum for colorectal tumor, we searched electronic databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science, without any date and language restrictions. Two reviewers independently extracted data and appraised study quality with Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies. We included ten studies comprising 13 cohorts for colorectal cancer (CRC) and seven cohorts for colorectal adenoma (CRA). A total of 1450 patients and 1421 controls for CRC and 656 patients and 827 controls for CRA were included. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of fecal F. nucleatum for CRC were 71% (95% CI, 61%-79%) and 76% (95% CI, 66%-84%), with the area under the receiver-operating characteristics (AUC) curve of 0.80 (95% CI, 0.76-0.83). The pooled sensitivity and specificity of fecal F. nucleatum for CRA were 36% (95% CI, 27%-46%) and 73% (95% CI, 65%-79%), with an AUC of 0.60 (95% CI, 0.56-0.65). Substantial heterogeneity among studies existed, which was partly caused by DNA extraction kits, regions of study, sample size, and demographic characteristics of participants. Fecal F. nucleatum was valuable for the diagnosis of CRC although it performed below expectation. For CRA, the specificity of fecal F. nucleatum indicated the possibility of noninvasive screening. Subgroup analyses for adenoma were incomplete due to lack of data. Heterogeneity limited the credibility of the study.
Topics: Biomarkers; Colorectal Neoplasms; Feces; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Humans
PubMed: 30636375
DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1850 -
World Journal of Gastroenterology Dec 2017To critically evaluate previous scientific evidence on Fusobacterium's role in colorectal neoplasia development. (Review)
Review
AIM
To critically evaluate previous scientific evidence on Fusobacterium's role in colorectal neoplasia development.
METHODS
Two independent investigators systematically reviewed all original scientific articles published between January, 2000, and July, 2017, using PubMed, EMBASE, and MEDLINE. A total of 355 articles were screened at the abstract level. Of these, only original scientific human, animal, and in vitro studies investigating and its relationship with colorectal cancer (CRC) were included in the analysis. Abstracts, review articles, studies investigating other colonic diseases, and studies written in other languages than English were excluded from our analysis. Ninety articles were included after removing duplicates, resolving disagreements between the two reviewers, and applying the above criteria.
RESULTS
Studies have consistently identified positive associations between , especially (), and CRC. Stronger associations were seen in CRCs proximal to the splenic flexure and CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP)-high CRCs. There was evidence of temporality and a biological gradient, with increased DNA detection and quantity along the traditional adenoma-carcinoma sequence and in CIMP-high CRC precursors. Diet may have a differential impact on colonic enrichment; evidence suggests that high fiber diet may reduce the risk of a subset of CRCs that are DNA-positive. Data also suggest shorter CRC and disease-specific survival with increased amount of DNA in CRC tissue. The pathophysiology of enrichment of and other species in colonic tissue is unclear; however, the virulence factors and changes to the local colonic environment with disruption of the protective mucus layer may contribute. The presence of a host lectin (Gal-GalNAc) in the colonic epithelium may also mediate attachment to CRC and precursors through interaction with an protein, fibroblast activation protein 2 (FAP2). The clinical significance of detection or enrichment of in colorectal neoplasia is ambiguous, but data suggest a procarcinogenic effect of , likely due to activation of oncogenic and inflammatory pathways and modulation of the tumor immune environment. This is hypothesized to be mediated by certain strains carrying invasive properties and virulence factors such as FadA and FAP.
CONCLUSION
Evidence suggests a potential active role of , specifically , in CRC. Future prospective and experimental human studies would fill an important gap in this literature.
Topics: Animals; Carcinogenesis; Colon; Colorectal Neoplasms; CpG Islands; Fusobacterium; Fusobacterium Infections; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; Methylation; Rectum
PubMed: 29358871
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i48.8626 -
Future Medicinal Chemistry Sep 2017Resistances to antibiotics employed for treatment of infectious diseases have increased to alarming numbers making it more and more difficult to treat diseases caused by... (Review)
Review
AIM
Resistances to antibiotics employed for treatment of infectious diseases have increased to alarming numbers making it more and more difficult to treat diseases caused by microorganisms resistant to common antibiotics. Consequently, novel methods for successful inactivation of pathogens are required. In this instance, one alternative could be application of light for treatment of topical infections. Antimicrobial properties of UV light are well documented, but due to its DNA-damaging properties use for medical purposes is limited. In contrast, irradiation with visible light may be more promising.
METHODS
Literature was systematically screened for research concerning inactivation of main oral bacterial species by means of visible light.
RESULTS
Inactivation of bacterial species, especially pigmented ones, in planktonic state showed promising results. There is a lack of research examining the situation when organized as biofilms.
CONCLUSION
More research concerning situation in a biofilm state is required.
Topics: Aggregatibacter; Anti-Infective Agents; Bacteria; Escherichia coli; Fusobacterium; Humans; Light; Mouth; Porphyromonas; Prevotella; Staphylococcus; Streptococcus
PubMed: 28792235
DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2017-0051 -
Annals of Family Medicine Nov 2016The prevalence of Group C beta-hemolytic and among patients with sore throat in the outpatient setting has not been previously summarized. We set out to derive... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
PURPOSE
The prevalence of Group C beta-hemolytic and among patients with sore throat in the outpatient setting has not been previously summarized. We set out to derive prevalence information from the existing literature.
METHODS
We performed a systematic review of MEDLINE for studies reporting the prevalence of or Group C or both in prospective, consecutive series of outpatients with sore throat, as well as laboratory-based studies of throat cultures submitted from primary care. We limited searches to studies where the majority of data was collected after January 1, 2000, to reflect contemporary microbiological methods and prevalences. Each author independently reviewed the articles for inclusion and abstraction of data; we resolved discrepancies by consensus discussion. We then performed a meta-analysis to calculate the pooled prevalence estimates using a random effects model of raw proportions.
RESULTS
A total of 16 studies met our inclusion criteria. The overall prevalences of Group C and were 6.1% (95% CI, 3.2%-9.0%) and 18.9% (95% CI, 10.5%-27.2%), respectively. When stratified by study type, the prevalences of Group C and in laboratory-based studies were 6.6% (95% CI, -1.0% to 14.2%) and 18.8% (95% CI, 6.5%-31.1%), respectively. In primary care patients with sore throat, Group C had a prevalence of 6.1% (95% CI, 3.1%-9.2%), while had a prevalence of 19.4% (95% CI, 14.7%-24.1%).
CONCLUSIONS
Group C and are commonly detected in patients with acute pharyngitis. Research is needed, however, to determine whether these bacteria are truly pathogenic in patients with pharyngitis and whether antibiotics reduce the duration of symptoms or the likelihood of complications.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Fusobacterium Infections; Fusobacterium necrophorum; Humans; Pharyngitis; Prevalence; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus
PubMed: 28376443
DOI: 10.1370/afm.2005 -
Revista Espanola de Enfermedades... Nov 2015The human colonic mucosa is populated by a wide range of microorganisms, usually in a symbiotic relation with the host. Sometimes this balance is lost and a state of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND AND AIM
The human colonic mucosa is populated by a wide range of microorganisms, usually in a symbiotic relation with the host. Sometimes this balance is lost and a state of dysbiosis arises, exposing the colon to different metabolic and inflammatory stimuli (according to the microbiota's changing profile). Recent findings lead to hypothesize that this unbalance may create a subclinical pro-inflammatory state that increases DNA mutations and, therefore, colorectal carcinogenesis. In this article we aim to systematically review the scientific evidence regarding colonic microbiota and its role in colorectal carcinogenesis.
METHODS
Systematic review of PubMed searching results for original articles studying microbiota and colorectal cancer until November 2014.
RESULTS
Thirty-one original articles studied the role of colon microbiota in colorectal carcinoma including both human and animal studies. Different and heterogeneous methods were used and different bacteria were considered. Nevertheless, some bacteria are consistently augmented (such as Fusobacteria, Alistipes, Porphyromonadaceae, Coriobacteridae, Staphylococcaceae, Akkermansia spp. and Methanobacteriales), while other are constantly diminished in colorectal cancer (such as Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Ruminococcus, Faecalibacterium spp., Roseburia, and Treponema). Moreover, bacteria metabolites amino acids are increased and butyrate is decreased throughout colonic carcinogenesis.
CONCLUSION
Conclusive evidence shows that colorectal carcinogenesis is associated with microbial dysbiosis. This information may be used to create new prophylactic, diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for colorectal cancer.
Topics: Animals; Carcinogenesis; Colon; Colorectal Neoplasms; Dysbiosis; Humans; Microbiota
PubMed: 26541655
DOI: 10.17235/reed.2015.3830/2015