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Journal of Clinical Medicine Aug 2022The aim of the report was to determine the effects of soy isoflavones on lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total hip bone mineral density (BMD) in menopausal women....
The aim of the report was to determine the effects of soy isoflavones on lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total hip bone mineral density (BMD) in menopausal women. MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for articles published in English during 1995-2019. Studies were identified and reviewed for inclusion and exclusion eligibility. Weighted mean differences (WMD) were calculated for each study and were pooled by using the random effects model. Eighteen randomized controlled trials were selected for meta-analysis. Different types of soy phytoestrogens, i.e., genistein extracts, soy isoflavones extracts, soy protein isolate, and foods containing diverse amounts of isoflavones were used in the studies. The analysis showed that daily intake of 106 (range, 40-300) mg of isoflavones for 6-24 months moderately but statistically significantly positively affects BMD, compared with controls: lumbar spine WMD = 1.63 (95% CI: 0.51 to 2.75)%, = 0004; femoral neck WMD = 1.87 (95% CI: 0.14 to 3.60)%, = 0.034; and total hip WMD = 0.39 (95% CI: 0.08 to 0.69)%, = 0.013. Subgroups analyses indicated that the varying effects of isoflavones on BMD across the trials might be associated with intervention duration, racial diversity (Caucasian, Asian), time after menopause, form of supplements (especially genistein), and dose of isoflavones. Our review and meta-analysis suggest that soy isoflavones are effective in slowing down bone loss after menopause.
PubMed: 36012916
DOI: 10.3390/jcm11164676 -
American Journal of Physiology.... Sep 2022Diabetes is the eighth leading cause of death in the world and the prevalence is rising in low-income countries. Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death... (Review)
Review
Diabetes is the eighth leading cause of death in the world and the prevalence is rising in low-income countries. Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide, especially for individuals with diabetes. Although medications exist to treat symptoms of diabetes, lack of availability and high costs may deter their use by individuals with low incomes as well as those in low-income nations. Therefore, this systematic review was performed to determine whether genistein, a phytoestrogen found in soy products, could provide therapeutic benefits for individuals with diabetes. We searched PubMed and SCOPUS using the terms "genistein," "diabetes," and "glucose" and identified 33 peer-reviewed articles that met our inclusion criteria. In general, preclinical studies demonstrated that genistein decreases body weight and circulating glucose and triglycerides concentrations, whereas increasing insulin levels and insulin sensitivity. Genistein also delayed the onset of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. In contrast, clinical studies utilizing genistein generally reported no significant relationship between genistein and body mass, circulating glucose, glycated hemoglobin (A1C) concentrations, or onset of type 1 diabetes. However, genistein was found to improve insulin sensitivity and serum triglyceride concentrations and delayed the onset of type 2 diabetes. In summary, preclinical and clinical studies suggest that genistein may help delay the onset of type 2 diabetes and improve several symptoms associated with the disease. Although additional research is required to confirm these findings, the results highlighted in this review provide some evidence that genistein may offer a natural approach to mitigating some of the complications associated with diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Genistein; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Insulin Resistance
PubMed: 35816719
DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00236.2021 -
Nutrients Jun 2022The aim of this report was to determine the impact of flaxseed, soy and red clover, and their bioactive substances on the lipid profile in postmenopausal women in... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
The aim of this report was to determine the impact of flaxseed, soy and red clover, and their bioactive substances on the lipid profile in postmenopausal women in cardiovascular diseases prevention. We used the following databases: MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE and the Cochrane Library. Meta-analysis indicates that the intake of flaxseed by postmenopausal women is associated with a statistically significant reduction in total cholesterol (TC) levels (weighted-mean difference (WMD) = -0.26; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): -0.38 to -0.13; = 0.0001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels (WMD = -0.19; 95% CI: -0.30 to -0.08; = 0.0006), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (WMD = -0.06; 95% CI: -0.11 to -0.01; = 0.0150). The effect of soy protein on the lipid profile showed a significant decrease in TC levels: WMD = -0.15; 95% CI: -0.25-0.05; = 0.0048, LDL-C levels: WMD = -0.15; 95% CI: -0.25-0.05; = 0.0067, as well as a significant increase in HDL-C levels: WMD = 0.05; 95% CI: 0.02-0.08; = 0.0034. Changes in the lipid profile showed a significant reduction in TC levels after the use of red clover (WMD = -0.11; 95% CI: -0.18--0.04; = 0.0017) and a significant increase in HDL-C levels (WMD = 0.04; 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.07; = 0.0165). This meta-analysis provides evidence that consuming flaxseed, soy and red clover can have a beneficial effect on lipids in postmenopausal women and suggest a favorable effect in preventing cardiovascular diseases.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, LDL; Female; Flax; Humans; Phytoestrogens; Postmenopause; Glycine max; Trifolium
PubMed: 35745197
DOI: 10.3390/nu14122467 -
Frontiers in Pharmacology 2022Phytoestrogens are a class of natural compounds that have structural similarities to estrogens. They have been identified to confer potent cardioprotective effects in...
Phytoestrogens are a class of natural compounds that have structural similarities to estrogens. They have been identified to confer potent cardioprotective effects in experimental myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) animal models. We aimed to investigate the effect of PE on MIRI and its intrinsic mechanisms. A systematic search was conducted to identify PEs that have been validated in animal studies or clinical studies as effective against MIRI. Then, we collected studies that met inclusion and exclusion criteria from January 2016 to September 2021. The SYRCLE's RoB tool was used to evaluate the quality. Data were analyzed by STATA 16.0 software. The search yielded 18 phytoestrogens effective against heart disease. They are genistein, quercetin, biochanin A, formononetin, daidzein, kaempferol, icariin, puerarin, rutin, notoginsenoside R1, tanshinone IIA, ginsenoside Rb1, ginsenoside Rb3, ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Re, resveratrol, polydatin, and bakuchiol. Then, a total of 20 studies from 17 articles with a total of 355 animals were included in this meta-analysis. The results show that PE significantly reduced the myocardial infarct size in MIRI animals compared with the control group ( < 0.001). PE treatment significantly reduced the creatine kinase level ( < 0.001) and cTnI level ( < 0.001), increased left ventricular ejection fraction ( < 0.001) and left ventricular fractional shortening ( < 0.001) in MIRI animals. In addition, PE also exerts a significant heart rate lowering effect ( < 0.001). Preclinical evidence suggests that PE can be multi-targeted for cardioprotective effects in MIRI. More large animal studies and clinical research are still needed in the future to further confirm its role in MIRI.
PubMed: 35668938
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.847748 -
Frontiers in Physiology 2022Lipids are ubiquitous metabolites with diverse functions. Excessive lipid accumulation can trigger lipid redistribution among metabolic organs such as adipose, liver and...
BACKGROUND
Lipids are ubiquitous metabolites with diverse functions. Excessive lipid accumulation can trigger lipid redistribution among metabolic organs such as adipose, liver and muscle, thus altering the lipid metabolism. It has been revealed that disturbed lipid metabolism would cause multiple disease complications and is highly correlated with human morbidity. Resveratrol (RSV), a phytoestrogen with antioxidant, can modulate insulin resistance and lipid profile. Recently, research on RSV supplementation to improve glucose and lipid metabolism has been controversial. A meta-analysis may provide a scientific reference for the relationship between lipid metabolism and RSV supplementation.
METHODS AND ANALYSIS
We searched the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Embase databases from inception to October 2021 using relevant keywords. A comprehensive search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was performed. For calculating pooled effects, continuous data were pooled by mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Adopting the method of inverse-variance with a random-effect, all related statistical analyses were performed using the Rev Man V.5.3 and STATA V.15 software.
RESULTS
A total of 25 articles were incorporated into the final meta-analysis after removal of duplicates by checking titles and abstracts and excluding non-relevant articles. The selected articles had a total of 1,171 participants, including 578 in the placebo group and 593 in the intervention group. According to the current meta-analysis, which demonstrated that there was a significant decrease in waist circumference (SMD = -0.36; 95% CI: -0.59, -0.14; = 0.002; = 88%), hemoglobin A1c (-0.48; -0.69, -0.27; ≤ 0.001; = 94%), total cholesterol (-0.15; -0.3, -0.01; = 0.003; = 94%), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (-0.42; -0.57, -0.27; ≤ 0.001; = 92%), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (0.16; -0.31, -0.02; = 0.03; = 81%) following resveratrol administration.
CONCLUSION
These results suggest that RSV has a dramatic impact on regulating lipid and glucose metabolism, and the major clinical value of resveratrol intake is for obese and diabetic patients. We hope that this study could provide more options for clinicians using RSV. Furthermore, in the future, large-scale and well-designed trials will be warranted to confirm these results.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
Website [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/#recordDetails], identifier [CRD42021244904].
PubMed: 35431994
DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.795980 -
In Vivo (Athens, Greece) 2022Soy contains genistein and daidzein isoflavones. Isoflavones are phytoestrogens, with a similarity in structure to human 17-β estradiol hormone. They imitate the action... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND/AIM
Soy contains genistein and daidzein isoflavones. Isoflavones are phytoestrogens, with a similarity in structure to human 17-β estradiol hormone. They imitate the action of estrogen on organs by binding and activating estrogen receptors. Numerous studies have examined the relationship between soy consumption and breast cancer but not the amount of consumption itself. We performed a systematic review of the literature in order to determine whether the amount of soy and isoflavones consumed has a positive effect in pre- and post-menopausal women.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Data gathering was performed following PRISMA guidelines. Narrowing down the result set for all relevant data was performed via title, abstract, full-text evaluation and the snowball procedure. The selected articles had all relevant data extracted. Analysis of the data was performed using Cochrane's Review Manager statistical analysis tool in order to draw conclusions regarding the positive effect for the amount of soy and isoflavones consumed.
RESULTS
Significant results were found when statistically analyzing data from prospective studies which compared soy isoflavones consumption, breast cancer risk and occurrence. The data were indicative of a clear inverse correlation between the amount of isoflavones consumed and breast cancer occurrence in pre- and post-menopausal women.
CONCLUSION
The consumption of soy isoflavones can reduce the risk of breast cancer in pre-menopausal and post-menopausal women.
Topics: Breast; Breast Neoplasms; Female; Genistein; Humans; Isoflavones; Phytoestrogens; Prospective Studies
PubMed: 35241506
DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12737 -
Nutrients Jul 2021The aim of this systematic review was to provide comprehensive and available data on the possible role of phytoestrogens (PE) for the treatment of endometriosis. We...
The aim of this systematic review was to provide comprehensive and available data on the possible role of phytoestrogens (PE) for the treatment of endometriosis. We conducted an advanced, systematic search of online medical databases PubMed and Medline. Only full-length manuscripts written in English up to September 2020 were considered. A total of 60 studies were included in the systematic review. According to in vitro findings, 19 out of 22 studies reported the ability of PE in inducing anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory and proapoptotic effects on cultured cells. Various mechanisms have been proposed to explain this in vitro action including the alteration of cell cycle proteins, the activation/inactivation of regulatory pathways, and modification of radical oxidative species levels. Thirty-eight articles on the effects of phytoestrogens on the development of endometriotic lesions in in vivo experimental animal models of endometriosis have been included. In line with in vitro findings, results also derived from animal models of endometriosis generally supported a beneficial effect of the compounds in reducing lesion growth and development. Finally, only seven studies investigated the effects of phytoestrogens intake on endometriosis in humans. The huge amount of in vitro and in vivo animal findings did not correspond to a consistent literature in the women affected. Therefore, whether the experimental findings can be translated in women is currently unknown.
Topics: Animals; Endometriosis; Female; Humans; Phytoestrogens
PubMed: 34444692
DOI: 10.3390/nu13082532 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2021Equol is a soy isoflavone metabolite that can be produced by intestinal bacteria. It is lipophilic and resembles natural oestrogens with an affinity to oestrogen...
Equol is a soy isoflavone metabolite that can be produced by intestinal bacteria. It is lipophilic and resembles natural oestrogens with an affinity to oestrogen receptors. This review is focused on how equol affects breast cancer, as evidenced by in vivo and in vitro studies. Equol is considered chemoprotective in specific endocrine-related pathologies, such as breast cancer, prostate cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and menopausal symptoms. In humans, not everyone can produce equol from gut metabolism. It is postulated that equol producers benefit more than non-equol producers for all the endocrine-related effects. Equol exists in two enantiomers of -equol and -equol. Earlier studies, however, did not specify which enantiomer was being used. This review considers equol's type and concentration variations, pathways affected, and its outcome in in vivo and in vitro studies.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Breast Neoplasms; Carcinogenesis; Cell Line, Tumor; Equol; Female; Humans; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Mice; Rats
PubMed: 33669783
DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041105 -
Evidence-based Complementary and... 2021Isoflavone is a phytoestrogen found in different types of food that can act as endocrine disrupters leading to testicular dysfunction. Currently, fragmented data on the... (Review)
Review
Isoflavone is a phytoestrogen found in different types of food that can act as endocrine disrupters leading to testicular dysfunction. Currently, fragmented data on the action of this compound in the testicles make it difficult to assess its effects to define a safe dose. Thus, we systematically reviewed the preclinical evidence of the impact of isoflavone on testicular function. We also determined which form (aglycones or glycosylated) was the most used, which allowed us to understand the main biological processes involved in testicular function after isoflavone exposure. This systematic review was carried out according to the PRISMA guidelines using a structured search on the biomedical databases MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus, and Web of Science, recovering and analyzing 22 original studies. The bias analysis and the quality of the studies were assessed by the criteria described in the risk of bias tool developed by SYRCLE (Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation). The aglycones and glycosylated isoflavones proved to be harmful to the reproductive health, and the glycosylates at doses of 50, 100, 146, 200, 300, 500, and 600 mg/kg, in addition to 190 and 1000 mg/L, appear to be even more harmful. The main testicular pathologies resulting from the use of isoflavones are associated with Leydig cells resulting from changes in molecular functions and cellular components. The most used isoflavone to evaluate testicular changes was the genistein/daidzein conjugate. The consumption of high doses of isoflavones promotes changes in the functioning of Leydig cells, inducing testicular changes and leading to infertility in murine models.
PubMed: 33628321
DOI: 10.1155/2021/8853172 -
Journal of Pharmacopuncture Dec 2019Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) encompasses a vast array of physical and psychological symptoms. Of the herbal supplements mentioned for remedy PMS symptoms, chamomile used... (Review)
Review
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) encompasses a vast array of physical and psychological symptoms. Of the herbal supplements mentioned for remedy PMS symptoms, chamomile used as an effective herbal medicine. The overall purpose of this review was to determine the efficacy of chamomile on the treatment PMS. An extensive research review using Web of Science, the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register database, PubMed, Chinese Biomedical Database (CBM), CINAHL, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Psych INFO, Social Science Research Network, SID, Google Scholar, Iran Doc, Magiran and Iran Medex. Eligible studies were identified from English and Persian databases, published between 1990 and 2019. Studies were screened independently by two researchers who performed the data extraction. Of Twenty-seven studies identified, Eight RCTs met our inclusion criteria. Chamomile has been used to treat PMS relief because of therapeutic properties such as anti-inflammatory effects (Chamazulene and α-Bisabolol); anti-spasmodic effects (Apigenin, Quercetin, and Luteolin, Metoxicomarin, Matrisin, and Phytoestrogens); anti-anxiety effects (Glycine, Flavonoid). The results of this review show that Chamomile is effective for the treatment of PMS. Based on these results, we believe that Chamomile can be used as good herbal medicine to treat in women with PMS.
PubMed: 31970017
DOI: 10.3831/KPI.2019.22.028