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Resuscitation Plus Jun 2024To evaluate the effectiveness of augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR), compared with other instructional methods, for basic and advanced life support training. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the effectiveness of augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR), compared with other instructional methods, for basic and advanced life support training.
METHODS
This systematic review was part of the continuous evidence evaluation process of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) and reported based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines and registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023376751). MEDLINE, EMBASE, and SCOPUS were searched from inception to January 16, 2024. We included all published studies comparing virtual or augmented reality to other methods of resuscitation training evaluating knowledge acquisition and retention, skills acquisition and retention, skill performance in real resuscitation, willingness to help, bystander CPR rate, and patients' survival.
RESULTS
Our initial literature search identified 1807 citations. After removing duplicates, reviewing the titles and abstracts of the remaining 1301 articles, full text review of 74 articles and searching references lists of relevant articles, 19 studies were identified for analysis. AR was used in 4 studies to provide real-time feedback during CPR, demonstrating improved CPR performance compared to groups trained with no feedback, but no difference when compared to other sources of CPR feedback. VR use in resuscitation training was explored in 15 studies, with the majority of studies that assessed CPR skills favoring other interventions over VR, or showing no difference between groups.
CONCLUSION
Augmented and virtual reality can be used to support resuscitation training of lay people and healthcare professionals, however current evidence does not clearly demonstrate a consistent benefit when compared to other methods of training.
PubMed: 38681058
DOI: 10.1016/j.resplu.2024.100643 -
Children (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2024In today's ever-changing world, fostering personal and social responsibility is essential for building strong and compassionate communities. This study aimed to provide... (Review)
Review
CONTEXT
In today's ever-changing world, fostering personal and social responsibility is essential for building strong and compassionate communities. This study aimed to provide a quantitative synthesis focusing on the emotional and social outcomes of Teaching Personal and Social Responsibility (TPSR) model-based Physical Education (PE) programs.
METHODS
A comprehensive literature review covering the period from November 2022 to September 2023 identified 637 articles published between 2005 and 2023. Of these, 20 met the inclusion criteria. Data from these articles were coded, and a comprehensive meta-analysis was conducted, incorporating 28 effect sizes. Methodological quality was assessed using the Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument. Hedge's g served as the effect size measure and emotional and social outcomes subgroups were consolidated. Heterogeneity was evaluated with Cochran's Q and I. Meta-regression and ANOVA-like models addressed categorical moderators, whereas publication bias was assessed through funnel plot, failsafe number, and Egger's linear regression.
RESULTS
A significant and positive effect of the TPSR model on product outcomes (Hedge's g = 0.337, 95% CI = 0.199 to 0.476) was found. Despite considerable heterogeneity (I = 83.830), a random effects model was justified. Assessment of publication bias indicated a low likelihood. Moderator analyses revealed that publication countries significantly influenced the effect, with stronger effects in Turkey. Publication type (article vs. thesis) also played roles in moderation. The meta-regression analyses did not reveal significant effects for the grade level, duration of intervention, publication year or sample size on the TPSR model's impact on product outcomes. The TPSR model positively impacts emotional and social outcomes in PE, enhancing children' skills and behaviour. However, variations across cultures highlight the need for further research, considering limitations like language constraints and potential biases in study selection and data extraction.
PubMed: 38671676
DOI: 10.3390/children11040459 -
Behavioral Sciences (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2024The aim of this paper was to analyze the acute and chronic effects of physical activity (PA) on cognition, behavior, and motor skill in youth with autism spectrum... (Review)
Review
The aim of this paper was to analyze the acute and chronic effects of physical activity (PA) on cognition, behavior, and motor skill in youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), taking into account potential confounders. In addition, it was intended to elaborate a guide of educational applications with strategies for PA use. Studies were identified in four databases from January 2010 to June 2023. A total of 19 interventional studies met the inclusion criteria. PA programs ranged from two weeks to one year in duration, with a frequency of one to five sessions per week. More than 58% of the studies showed positive effects of PA on cognition, and 45.5% on behavior and motor skill. Moderate-vigorous PA for 15-30 min has shown acute effects on cognition, general behavior, and stereotypic/repetitive behaviors in youth with ASD. A total of 9 out of 14 studies showed chronic effects on general behavior and stereotypic behaviors, and only 6 on motor skills.
PubMed: 38667126
DOI: 10.3390/bs14040330 -
PloS One 2024To assess whether different cervical spine immobilisation strategies (full immobilisation, movement minimisation or no immobilisation), impact neurological and/or other...
OBJECTIVES
To assess whether different cervical spine immobilisation strategies (full immobilisation, movement minimisation or no immobilisation), impact neurological and/or other outcomes for patients with suspected cervical spinal injury in the pre-hospital and emergency department setting.
DESIGN
Systematic review following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.
DATA SOURCES
MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library and two research registers were searched until September 2023.
ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA
All comparative studies (prospective or retrospective) that examined the potential benefits and/or harms of immobilisation practices during pre-hospital and emergency care of patients with a potential cervical spine injury (pre-imaging) following blunt trauma.
DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS
Two authors independently selected and extracted data. Risk of bias was appraised using the Cochrane ROBINS-I tool for non-randomised studies. Data were synthesised without meta-analysis.
RESULTS
Six observational studies met the inclusion criteria. The methodological quality was variable, with most studies having serious or critical risk of bias. The effect of cervical spine immobilisation practices such as full immobilisation or movement minimisation during pre-hospital and emergency care did not show clear evidence of benefit for the prevention of neurological deterioration, spinal injuries and death compared with no immobilisation. However, increased pain, discomfort and anatomical complications were associated with collar application during immobilisation.
CONCLUSIONS
Despite the limited evidence, weak designs and limited generalisability, the available data suggest that pre-hospital cervical spine immobilisation (full immobilisation or movement minimisation) was of uncertain value due to the lack of demonstrable benefit and may lead to potential complications and adverse outcomes. High-quality randomised comparative studies are required to address this important question.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
PROSPERO REGISTRATION Fiona Lecky, Abdullah Pandor, Munira Essat, Anthea Sutton, Carl Marincowitz, Gordon Fuller, Stuart Reid, Jason Smith. A systematic review of cervical spine immobilisation following blunt trauma in pre-hospital and emergency care. PROSPERO 2022 CRD42022349600 Available from: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022349600.
Topics: Humans; Cervical Vertebrae; Immobilization; Emergency Medical Services; Wounds, Nonpenetrating; Spinal Injuries; Emergency Service, Hospital
PubMed: 38662734
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302127 -
Frontiers in Medicine 2024Bioethics training is essential for healthcare professionals as it enables them to address ethical dilemmas in their clinical practice. However, there is still a lack of...
INTRODUCTION
Bioethics training is essential for healthcare professionals as it enables them to address ethical dilemmas in their clinical practice. However, there is still a lack of rigorous teaching programs, and assessing bioethical knowledge poses challenges.
METHODOLOGY
Systematic review using the PRISMA method.
RESULTS
Analysis of 27 studies reveals a lack of ethical knowledge and skills among healthcare professionals and students. Specific training in bioethics is effective in developing bioethical competencies. Different approaches have been employed, including integrated training in academic curricula and intensive or ongoing programs. The results demonstrate improvements in knowledge, attitudes, and ethical values, although regularly updating these courses is recommended.
CONCLUSION
Specific training, institutional support, and considering regional and disciplinary differences are necessary to enhance ethics in the practice of healthcare professionals.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023437146, identifier CRD42023437146.
PubMed: 38660422
DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1252386 -
Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence 2024Public health policy researchers face a persistent challenge in identifying and integrating relevant data, particularly in the context of the U.S. opioid crisis, where a...
BACKGROUND
Public health policy researchers face a persistent challenge in identifying and integrating relevant data, particularly in the context of the U.S. opioid crisis, where a comprehensive approach is crucial.
PURPOSE
To meet this new workforce demand health policy and health economics programs are increasingly introducing data analysis and data visualization skills. Such skills facilitate data integration and discovery by linking multiple resources. Common linking strategies include individual or aggregate level linking (e.g., patient identifiers) in primary clinical data and conceptual linking (e.g., healthcare workforce, state funding, burnout rates) in secondary data. Often, the combination of primary and secondary datasets is sought, requiring additional skills, for example, understanding metadata and constructing interlinkages.
METHODS
To help improve those skills, we developed a 2-step process using a scoping method to discover data and network visualization to interlink metadata. Results: We show how these new skills enable the discovery of relationships among data sources pertinent to public policy research related to the opioid overdose crisis and facilitate inquiry across heterogeneous data resources. In addition, our interactive network visualization introduces (1) a conceptual approach, drawing from recent systematic review studies and linked by the publications, and (2) an aggregate approach, constructed using publicly available datasets and linked through crosswalks.
CONCLUSIONS
These novel metadata visualization techniques can be used as a teaching tool or a discovery method and can also be extended to other public policy domains.
PubMed: 38646414
DOI: 10.3389/frai.2024.1208874 -
Alzheimer's Research & Therapy Apr 2024Measurement of beta-amyloid (Aβ) and phosphorylated tau (p-tau) levels offers the potential for early detection of neurocognitive impairment. Still, the probability of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Measurement of beta-amyloid (Aβ) and phosphorylated tau (p-tau) levels offers the potential for early detection of neurocognitive impairment. Still, the probability of developing a clinical syndrome in the presence of these protein changes (A+ and T+) remains unclear. By performing a systematic review and meta-analysis, we investigated the risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia in the non-demented population with A+ and A- alone and in combination with T+ and T- as confirmed by PET or cerebrospinal fluid examination.
METHODS
A systematic search of prospective and retrospective studies investigating the association of Aβ and p-tau with cognitive decline was performed in three databases (MEDLINE via PubMed, EMBASE, and CENTRAL) on January 9, 2024. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane QUIPS tool. Odds ratios (OR) and Hazard Ratios (HR) were pooled using a random-effects model. The effect of neurodegeneration was not studied due to its non-specific nature.
RESULTS
A total of 18,162 records were found, and at the end of the selection process, data from 36 cohorts were pooled (n= 7,793). Compared to the unexposed group, the odds ratio (OR) for conversion to dementia in A+ MCI patients was 5.18 [95% CI 3.93; 6.81]. In A+ CU subjects, the OR for conversion to MCI or dementia was 5.79 [95% CI 2.88; 11.64]. Cerebrospinal fluid Aβ42 or Aβ42/40 analysis and amyloid PET imaging showed consistent results. The OR for conversion in A+T+ MCI subjects (11.60 [95% CI 7.96; 16.91]) was significantly higher than in A+T- subjects (2.73 [95% CI 1.65; 4.52]). The OR for A-T+ MCI subjects was non-significant (1.47 [95% CI 0.55; 3.92]). CU subjects with A+T+ status had a significantly higher OR for conversion (13.46 [95% CI 3.69; 49.11]) than A+T- subjects (2.04 [95% CI 0.70; 5.97]). Meta-regression showed that the ORs for Aβ exposure decreased with age in MCI. (beta = -0.04 [95% CI -0.03 to -0.083]).
CONCLUSIONS
Identifying Aβ-positive individuals, irrespective of the measurement technique employed (CSF or PET), enables the detection of the most at-risk population before disease onset, or at least at a mild stage. The inclusion of tau status in addition to Aβ, especially in A+T+ cases, further refines the risk assessment. Notably, the higher odds ratio associated with Aβ decreases with age.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
The study was registered in PROSPERO (ID: CRD42021288100).
Topics: Humans; Prospective Studies; Retrospective Studies; Amyloidogenic Proteins; Cognitive Dysfunction; Dementia
PubMed: 38610055
DOI: 10.1186/s13195-024-01455-2 -
Heliyon Apr 2024The development of information technology (IT) has an essential role in education today. Most teachers in Indonesia utilize the traditional method rather than the...
The development of information technology (IT) has an essential role in education today. Most teachers in Indonesia utilize the traditional method rather than the advancement of IT. Through digital media, the social science learning process becomes fascinating, improves students' skills, and is more engaging. However, implementing Information Technology-based Learning (ITBL) takes a lot of work. It comes with tremendous challenges that should be addressed carefully. Many previous studies explain the feasibility of the media, its effectiveness, and the advantages of using IT-based learning media. However, they still need to present the challenges in IT-based social science learning, even more so in the Indonesian context. Given the vast landscape of ITBL in Indonesia, a case study approach could entail extensive fieldwork, data collection, and data analysis. Therefore, A literature review can be carried out with less resource investment, making it a pragmatic choice for researchers with limited time and resources. This research aims to discover the challenges of students, teachers, and educational institutions in IT-based social science learning in the Indonesian context. The search protocol is based on the P.R.I.S.M.A. (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis). This systematic literature review results were obtained from 315 articles discussing the challenges of IT-based social science learning published from 2018 until 2022. This research reveals that most challenges students face are internal/self-challenges. For instance, there needs to be more self-regulation and necessary digital literation. On the other hand, teachers' most significant challenge is their lack of skills and experience in implementing IT-based learning media and their inability to operate complex software, even if they have poor digital literacy. The need for facilities and technological training presents challenges for institutions. The need to procure IT infrastructure is due to the difficulty of reaching certain areas (the terrain) in Indonesia. The challenges encountered by students, teachers, and educational institutions are not exclusive to any particular group and extend beyond their respective domains. Addressing the multi-dimensional challenges would be more efficient. The poor digital literacy challenges occurred in other nations, too. This particular challenge can be solved through instructional training. Moreover, the Indonesian government offers numerous free digital training programs for individuals or institutions called "Digitalent."
PubMed: 38601659
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28706 -
Neuro-oncology Advances 2024Meningioma clinical trials have assessed interventions including surgery, radiotherapy, and pharmacotherapy. However, agreement does not exist on what, how, and when...
BACKGROUND
Meningioma clinical trials have assessed interventions including surgery, radiotherapy, and pharmacotherapy. However, agreement does not exist on what, how, and when outcomes of interest should be measured. To do so would allow comparative analysis of similar trials. This systematic review aimed to summarize the outcomes measured and reported in meningioma clinical trials.
METHODS
Systematic literature and trial registry searches were performed to identify published and ongoing intracranial meningioma clinical trials (PubMed, Embase, Medline, CINAHL via EBSCO, and Web of Science, completed January 22, 2022). Reported outcomes were extracted verbatim, along with an associated definition and method of measurement if provided. Verbatim outcomes were deduplicated and the resulting unique outcomes were grouped under standardized outcome terms. These were classified using the taxonomy proposed by the "Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials" (COMET) initiative.
RESULTS
Thirty published articles and 18 ongoing studies were included, describing 47 unique clinical trials: Phase 2 = 33, phase 3 = 14. Common interventions included: Surgery = 13, radiotherapy = 8, and pharmacotherapy = 20. In total, 659 verbatim outcomes were reported, of which 84 were defined. Following de-duplication, 415 unique verbatim outcomes remained and were grouped into 115 standardized outcome terms. These were classified using the COMET taxonomy into 29 outcome domains and 5 core areas.
CONCLUSIONS
Outcome measurement across meningioma clinical trials is heterogeneous. The standardized outcome terms identified will be prioritized through an eDelphi survey and consensus meeting of key stakeholders (including patients), in order to develop a core outcome set for use in future meningioma clinical trials.
PubMed: 38596717
DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdae030 -
Neuro-oncology Advances 2024The clinical management of patients with incidental intracranial meningioma varies markedly and is often based on clinician choice and observational data. Heterogeneous...
BACKGROUND
The clinical management of patients with incidental intracranial meningioma varies markedly and is often based on clinician choice and observational data. Heterogeneous outcome measurement has likely hampered knowledge progress by preventing comparative analysis of similar cohorts of patients. This systematic review aimed to summarize the outcomes measured and reported in observational studies.
METHODS
A systematic literature search was performed to identify published full texts describing active monitoring of adult cohorts with incidental and untreated intracranial meningioma (PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and CINAHL via EBSCO, completed January 24, 2022). Reported outcomes were extracted verbatim, along with an associated definition and method of measurement if provided. Verbatim outcomes were de-duplicated and the resulting unique outcomes were grouped under standardized outcome terms. These were classified using the taxonomy proposed by the "Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials" (COMET) initiative.
RESULTS
Thirty-three published articles and 1 ongoing study were included describing 32 unique studies: study designs were retrospective = 27 and prospective = 5. In total, 268 verbatim outcomes were reported, of which 77 were defined. Following de-duplication, 178 unique verbatim outcomes remained and were grouped into 53 standardized outcome terms. These were classified using the COMET taxonomy into 9 outcome domains and 3 core areas.
CONCLUSIONS
Outcome measurement across observational studies of incidental and untreated intracranial meningioma is heterogeneous. The standardized outcome terms identified will be prioritized through an eDelphi survey and consensus meeting of key stakeholders (including patients), in order to develop a Core Outcome Set for use in future observational studies.
PubMed: 38596715
DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdae042