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International Journal of... Apr 2024The current meta-analysis aims to explore the potential correlation between natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 (NRAMP1) (3'-Untranslated region [3'-UTR])... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
A Systemic Review and Meta-analysis on Natural Resistance-associated Macrophage Protein 1 (3'-Untranslated Region) and Nucleotide-binding Oligomerization Domain-2 (rs8057341) Polymorphisms and Leprosy Susceptibility in Asian and Caucasian Populations.
The current meta-analysis aims to explore the potential correlation between natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 (NRAMP1) (3'-Untranslated region [3'-UTR]) and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-2 (NOD2 [rs8057341]) gene polymorphisms and their association with leprosy susceptibility in both Asian and Caucasian populations. Datas were retrieved from case control studies with NOD 2 and NRAMP 1 gene polymorphism associated with leprosy disease. Leprosy emerges as a particularly distinctive ailment among women on a global scale. The NRAMP1 (3'-UTR) and NOD2 (rs8057341) genetic variations play a crucial role in the progression of leprosy. A systematic review of relevant case-control studies was conducted across several databases, including ScienceDirect, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Embase. Utilizing MetaGenyo and Review Manager 5.4 Version, statistical analyses were carried out. Nine case-control studies totaling 3281 controls and 3062 leprosy patients are included in the research, with the objective of examining the potential association between NRAMP1 (3'-UTR) and NOD2 (rs8057341) gene polymorphisms and leprosy risk. The review methodology was registered in PROSPERO (ID520883). The findings reveal a robust association between NRAMP1 (3'-UTR) and NOD2 (rs8057341) gene polymorphisms and leprosy risk across various genetic models. Although the funnel plot analysis did not identify publication bias, bolstering these findings and elucidating potential gene-gene and gene-environment interactions require further comprehensive epidemiological research. This study identified a strong correlation between polymorphisms in the NOD2 (rs8057341) genes and susceptibility to leprosy across two genetic models. Further comprehensive epidemiological investigations are warranted to validate these findings and explore potential interactions between these genes and environmental factors.
Topics: Humans; Leprosy; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Asian People; White People; Cation Transport Proteins; Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein; 3' Untranslated Regions; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Case-Control Studies; Female; Polymorphism, Genetic; Male
PubMed: 38916380
DOI: 10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_43_24 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2024Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are effective for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment, but the response rate remains low. Programmed cell death ligand 1... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Prognostic significance of programmed cell death ligand 1 blood markers in non-small cell lung cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
BACKGROUND
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are effective for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment, but the response rate remains low. Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in peripheral blood, including soluble form (sPD-L1), expression on circulating tumor cells (CTCs PD-L1) and exosomes (exoPD-L1), are minimally invasive and promising markers for patient selection and management, but their prognostic significance remains inconclusive. Here, we performed a meta-analysis for the prognostic value of PD-L1 blood markers in NSCLC patients treated with ICIs.
METHODS
Eligible studies were obtained by searching PubMed, EMBAS, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library prior to November 30, 2023. The associations between pre-treatment, post-treatment and dynamic changes of blood PD-L1 levels and progression-free survival (PFS)/over survival (OS) were analyzed by estimating hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).
RESULTS
A total of 26 studies comprising 1606 patients were included. High pre- or post-treatment sPD-L1 levels were significantly associated with worse PFS (pre-treatment: HR=1.49, 95%CI 1.13-1.95; post-treatment: HR=2.09, 95%CI 1.40-3.12) and OS (pre-treatment: HR=1.83, 95%CI 1.25-2.67; post-treatment: HR=2.60, 95%CI 1.09-6.20, P=0.032). High pre-treatment exoPD-L1 levels predicted a worse PFS (HR=4.24, 95%CI 2.82-6.38, P<0.001). Pre-treatment PD-L1 CTCs tended to be correlated with prolonged PFS (HR=0.63, 95%CI 0.39-1.02) and OS (HR=0.58, 95%CI 0.36-0.93). Patients with up-regulated exoPD-L1 levels, but not sPD-L1, after ICIs treatment had significantly favorable PFS (HR=0.36, 95%CI 0.23-0.55) and OS (HR=0.24, 95%CI 0.08-0.68).
CONCLUSION
PD-L1 blood markers, including sPD-L1, CTCs PD-L1 and exoPD-L1, can effectively predict prognosis, and may be potentially utilized for patient selection and treatment management for NSCLC patients receiving ICIs.
Topics: Humans; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors; Lung Neoplasms; B7-H1 Antigen; Biomarkers, Tumor; Prognosis
PubMed: 38915398
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1400262 -
PeerJ 2024To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Brolucizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (n-AMD) through a systematic review and meta-analysis. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Brolucizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (n-AMD) through a systematic review and meta-analysis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Cochrane, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were comprehensively searched for relevant studies. Stata and RevMan5.4 were applied for meta-analysis and risk of bias assessment. Data on the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central subfield thickness (CSFT), presence of intraretinal fluid (IRF) and/or subretinal fluid (SRF), participants with ≥1 serious adverse events, and participants with ≥1 adverse events were analyzed.
RESULTS
Six studies were finally included. Meta-analysis showed statistical differences in BCVA [SMD = -0.65, 95% CI [-0.17 to -0.23], < 0.05], the presence of IRF and/or SRF [RR = 0.67, 95% CI [0.56-0.79], < 0.05], and the safety of participants with ≥1 serious adverse events [RR = 0.57, 95% CI [0.39-0.84], < 0.05] between the experimental group and the control group. However, no statistical differences were observed in CSFT [SMD = -1.16, 95% CI [-2.79 to 0.47], > 0.05] or the safety of participants with ≥1 adverse events [RR = 1.07, 95% CI [0.97-1.17], > 0.05].
CONCLUSIONS
Compared to other anti-VEGF drugs such as Aflibercept and Ranibizumab, intravitreal injection of 6 mg Brolucizumab is more effective and safer for n-AMD, especially in the presence of IRF and/or SRF, and for participants with ≥1 serious adverse events.
Topics: Humans; Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Intravitreal Injections; Macular Degeneration; Treatment Outcome; Visual Acuity; Wet Macular Degeneration
PubMed: 38915383
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17561 -
Frontiers in Oncology 2024In the contemporary epoch, cancer stands as the predominant cause of premature global mortality, necessitating a focused exploration of molecular markers and advanced... (Review)
Review
In the contemporary epoch, cancer stands as the predominant cause of premature global mortality, necessitating a focused exploration of molecular markers and advanced therapeutic strategies. N6-methyladenosine (mA), the most prevalent mRNA modification, undergoes dynamic regulation by enzymes referred to as methyltransferases (writers), demethylases (erasers), and effective proteins (readers). Despite lacking methylation activity, RNA-binding motif protein 15 (RBM15), a member of the mA writer family, assumes a crucial role in recruiting the methyltransferase complex (MTC) and binding to mRNA. Although the impact of mA modifications on cancer has garnered widespread attention, RBM15 has been relatively overlooked. This review briefly outlines the structure and operational mechanism, and delineates the unique role of RBM15 in various cancers, shedding light on its molecular basis and providing a groundwork for potential tumor-targeted therapies.
PubMed: 38915367
DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1375942 -
Nutrition & Metabolism Jun 2024There are contradictory effects regarding the effect of NAD + precursor on glucose metabolism and liver enzymes. In order to obtain a better viewpoint from them,...
Changes in glucose metabolism, C-reactive protein, and liver enzymes following intake of NAD + precursor supplementation: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis.
BACKGROUND
There are contradictory effects regarding the effect of NAD + precursor on glucose metabolism and liver enzymes. In order to obtain a better viewpoint from them, this study aimed to comprehensively investigate the effects of NAD + precursor supplementation on glucose metabolism, C-reactive protein (CRP), and liver enzymes.
METHODS
PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and Embase databases were searched using standard keywords to identify all controlled trials investigating the glucose metabolism, CRP, and liver enzymes effects of NAD + precursor. Pooled weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were achieved by random-effects model analysis for the best estimation of outcomes.
RESULTS
Forty-five articles with 9256 participants' were included in this article. The pooled findings showed that NAD + precursor supplementation had a significant increase in glucose (WMD: 2.17 mg/dL, 95% CI: 0.68, 3.66, P = 0.004) and HbA1c (WMD: 0.11, 95% CI: 0.06, 0.16, P < 0.001) as well as a significant decrease in CRP (WMD: -0.93 mg/l, 95% CI -1.47 to -0.40, P < 0.001) compared with control group, and was not statistically significant with respect to insulin and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). However, we found no systemic changes in aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), or alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels after NAD + precursor supplementation. The results of the subgroup analysis showed that the intake of NAD + precursor during the intervention of more than 12 weeks caused a greater increase in the glucose level. Furthermore, Nicotinic acid supplementation (NA) causes a greater increase in glucose and HbA1c levels than nicotinamide (NE) supplementation.
CONCLUSIONS
Overall, these findings suggest that NAD + precursor supplementation might have an increase effect on glucose metabolism as well as a decrease in CRP.
PubMed: 38915015
DOI: 10.1186/s12986-024-00812-0 -
PloS One 2024Stroke stands as a significant macrovascular complication among individuals with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), often resulting in the primary cause of mortality and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Stroke stands as a significant macrovascular complication among individuals with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), often resulting in the primary cause of mortality and disability within this patient demographic. Presently, numerous studies have been conducted to investigate the underlying causes of stroke in individuals with T2DM, yet the findings exhibit inconsistencies.
OBJECTIVE
This paper aims to consolidate and summarize the available evidence concerning the influential factors contributing to stroke among patients diagnosed with T2DM.
METHODS
We conducted a comprehensive search across multiple databases, including Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web Of Science, Embase, China Biology Medicine (CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang and Weipu up to August 2023. Google Scholar was also searched to retrieve gray literature. We calculated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using Stata software.
RESULTS
Our analysis encompassed 43 observational studies, exploring factors across sociodemographic, biochemical, complications, and hypoglycemic agent categories. The findings identified several risk factors for stroke in patients with T2DM: age, gender, T2DM duration, hypertension, body-mass index (BMI), smoking, Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR), albuminuria, Triglycerides (TG), Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), Coronary heart disease (CHD), Atrial fibrillation (AF), diabetic retinopathy (DR), Peripheral vascular disease (PVD), and carotid plaque. Conversely, exercise, High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), metformin (MET), pioglitazone, and metformin combination therapy emerged as protective factors.
CONCLUSION
This study underscores the multitude of influencing factors contributing to stroke in people with T2DM patients, among which the microvascular complications of T2DM play an most important role. Therefore, we emphasize the importance of screening for microvascular complications in patients with T2DM. However, due to limitations arising from the number of articles reviewed, there remain areas where clarity is lacking. Further research efforts are warranted to expand upon and reinforce our current findings.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Stroke; Risk Factors; Hypoglycemic Agents; Glycated Hemoglobin
PubMed: 38913694
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305954 -
Cardiovascular Endocrinology &... Sep 2024Bempedoic acid (BA) has shown varied efficacy in managing hyperlipidemia. We conducted the most extensive up-to-date meta-analysis, the first to include recent studies... (Review)
Review
Efficacy and outcomes of bempedoic acid versus placebo in patients with hypercholesterolemia: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
INTRODUCTION
Bempedoic acid (BA) has shown varied efficacy in managing hyperlipidemia. We conducted the most extensive up-to-date meta-analysis, the first to include recent studies by Nissen et al., which boast the largest sample size.
METHODS
Literature search was done on Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library. The primary endpoint was a change in low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, while secondary endpoints encompassed changes in lipid parameters, clinical endpoints, and safety endpoints. The least-square mean (LSM) percent change was utilized for lipid changes, with statistical significance set at < 0.05.
RESULTS
This analysis included 12 randomized control trials with 22,249 participants. BA exhibited a substantial reduction in LDL-C levels [LSM % change, -24.34; 95% confidence interval (CI), -27.80 to -20.88; < 0.0001], total cholesterol levels (LSM % change, -16.62; 95% CI, -21.70 to -11.54; < 0.00001) and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (LSM % change, -4.22; 95% CI, -5.51 to -2.92; < 0.00001) compared to the placebo.
CONCLUSIONS
BA significantly lowers LDL-C, total cholesterol, HDL-C, non-HDL-C, high sensitivity C reactive protein, and apolipoprotein levels.
PubMed: 38911912
DOI: 10.1097/XCE.0000000000000302 -
International Journal of Nanomedicine 2024Due to their ability to replicate the in vivo microenvironment through cell interaction and induce cells to stimulate cell function, three-dimensional cell culture... (Review)
Review
Due to their ability to replicate the in vivo microenvironment through cell interaction and induce cells to stimulate cell function, three-dimensional cell culture models can overcome the limitations of two-dimensional models. Organoids are 3D models that demonstrate the ability to replicate the natural structure of an organ. In most organoid tissue cultures, matrigel made of a mouse tumor extracellular matrix protein mixture is an essential ingredient. However, its tumor-derived origin, batch-to-batch variation, high cost, and safety concerns have limited the usefulness of organoid drug development and regenerative medicine. Its clinical application has also been hindered by the fact that organoid generation is dependent on the use of poorly defined matrices. Therefore, matrix optimization is a crucial step in developing organoid culture that introduces alternatives as different materials. Recently, a variety of substitute materials has reportedly replaced matrigel. The purpose of this study is to review the significance of the latest advances in materials for cell culture applications and how they enhance build network systems by generating proper cell behavior. Excellence in cell behavior is evaluated from their cell characteristics, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and even gene expression. As a result, graphene oxide as a matrix optimization demonstrated high potency in developing organoid models. Graphene oxide can promote good cell behavior and is well known for having good biocompatibility. Hence, advances in matrix optimization of graphene oxide provide opportunities for the future development of advanced organoid models.
Topics: Organoids; Animals; Graphite; Humans; Cell Proliferation; Cell Differentiation; Drug Combinations; Cell Culture Techniques; Cell Culture Techniques, Three Dimensional; Mice; Laminin; Collagen; Proteoglycans
PubMed: 38911499
DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S455940 -
Medicina Oral, Patologia Oral Y Cirugia... Jun 2024The DNA mismatch repair (MMR) system serves as a sophisticated guardian of the precise functioning of the human genome. Dysregulation within this system is linked to the...
BACKGROUND
The DNA mismatch repair (MMR) system serves as a sophisticated guardian of the precise functioning of the human genome. Dysregulation within this system is linked to the oncogenesis process. Reduced expression of MMR system proteins identified in salivary gland tumors (SGTs) suggests an increased risk of tumoral occurrence. This study aims to analyze the expression of MMR proteins in SGTs and discuss the relevance of this association to the development of these neoplasms.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
This review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines and was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023465590). A comprehensive search of the PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and ProQuest (non-peer reviewed platform) was performed to answer the question "Do DNA MMR system proteins exhibit expression in SGTs?". The methodological quality of the selected studies was assessed using the JBI's Critical Appraisal Tool.
RESULTS
A total of 142 patients with benign SGTs and 84 with malignant SGTs were included in this review. The literature analysis showed a notable reduction in the expression of DNA MMR system proteins (hHMS2, hMLH1, hMSH3 and hMSH6) in the percentage of marked cells.
CONCLUSIONS
The reduction in the expression of the DNA MMR system proteins suggests an interesting correlation with the development of malignant and benign SGTs. Nevertheless, further investigations are warranted to better clarify the precision of measuring biomarker protein expression.
PubMed: 38907641
DOI: 10.4317/medoral.26647 -
Journal of Ovarian Research Jun 2024This study was aimed to systematically evaluate the efficacy of artificial cycle-prepared frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) with or without gonadotrophin-releasing... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
PURPOSE
This study was aimed to systematically evaluate the efficacy of artificial cycle-prepared frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) with or without gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a) pretreatment for women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
METHODS
The analysis was carried out by searching the PubMed, EMBASE, and CNKI databases with a combination of keywords before October 2021. The available studies of the effects of GnRH-a pretreatment or no pretreatment on FET in PCOS patients were considered. The risk ratios (RRs) or standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated with using subgroups and sensitivity analysis. The quality evaluation for this analysis was followed.
RESULTS
Seventeen studies including 3646 women were analyzed. GnRH-a pretreatment was significantly associated with a higher implantation rate (RR = 1.12, 95%CI: 1.00-1.24) and clinical pregnancy rate (RR = 1.19, 95%CI: 1.08-1.32) than the placebo. Moreover, in the GnRH-a pretreatment group, significant differences were detected for increasing the endometrium thickness among PCOS patients (SMD = 0.56, 95%CI: 0.20-0.92). However, for RCTs subgroup, no differences were observed, even after sensitivity analyses. In addition, the miscarriage rates, ectopic pregnancy rates, multiple pregnancy rates, and live birth rates were similar in both two groups.
CONCLUSIONS
Endometrial preparation using GnRH agonist pretreatment prior to FET seems to be the better choice for PCOS patients. However, well-designed RCTs are required for confirmation.
Topics: Humans; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Female; Embryo Transfer; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Rate; Cryopreservation; Fertilization in Vitro
PubMed: 38907340
DOI: 10.1186/s13048-024-01410-7