-
Association of primary allostatic load mediators and metabolic syndrome (MetS): A systematic review.Frontiers in Endocrinology 2022Allostatic load (AL) exposure may cause detrimental effects on the neuroendocrine system, leading to metabolic syndrome (MetS). The primary mediators of AL involve serum...
Allostatic load (AL) exposure may cause detrimental effects on the neuroendocrine system, leading to metabolic syndrome (MetS). The primary mediators of AL involve serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS; a functional HPA axis antagonist); further, cortisol, urinary norepinephrine (NE), and epinephrine (EPI) excretion levels (assessed within 12-h urine as a golden standard for the evaluation of the HPA axis activity and sympathetic nervous system activity). However, the evidence of an association between the primary mediators of AL and MetS is limited. This systematic review aimed to critically examine the association between the primary mediators of AL and MetS. PubMed and Web of Science were searched for articles from January 2010 to December 2021, published in English. The search strategy focused on cross-sectional and case-control studies comprising adult participants with MetS, obesity, overweight, and without chronic diseases. The STROBE checklist was used to assess study quality control. Of 770 studies, twenty-one studies with a total sample size ( = 10,666) met the eligibility criteria. Eighteen studies were cross-sectional, and three were case-control studies. The included studies had a completeness of reporting score of COR % = 87.0 ± 6.4%. It is to be noted, that cortisol as a primary mediator of AL showed an association with MetS in 50% (urinary cortisol), 40% (serum cortisol), 60% (salivary cortisol), and 100% (hair cortisol) of the studies. For DHEAS, it is to conclude that 60% of the studies showed an association with MetS. In contrast, urinary EPI and urinary NE had 100% no association with MetS. In summary, there is a tendency for the association between higher serum cortisol, salivary cortisol, urinary cortisol, hair cortisol, and lower levels of DHEAS with MetS. Future studies focusing on longitudinal data are warranted for clarification and understanding of the association between the primary mediators of AL and MetS.
Topics: Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Pituitary-Adrenal System
PubMed: 36482995
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.946740 -
Ageing Research Reviews Feb 2023To conduct a systematic review and meta-analyses of the effect of socio-behavioral cognitive reserve (CR) proxies on cognitive decline after stroke. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
To conduct a systematic review and meta-analyses of the effect of socio-behavioral cognitive reserve (CR) proxies on cognitive decline after stroke.
METHOD
Three journal search and indexing databases (PubMed, Scopus and Web of Sciences) were crossed to examine the scientific evidence systematically. In addition, meta-analytic techniques, using mixed-effect methods, were carried out to estimate the impact (pooled effect size) of CR proxies on either dementia incidence or cognitive decline after stroke.
RESULTS
Twenty-two studies were included in the systematic revision, whereas nineteen of them were eligible for the meta-analysis. The findings showed that high education is associated with a decreased rate of post-stroke dementia. Moreover, other CR proxies (e.g., occupation, bilingualism or social interaction) demonstrate a protective effect against non-dementia cognitive decline after stroke, although some inconsistencies were found in the literature. Regarding the meta-analysis, occupational attainment and education) showed a protective effect against post-stroke cognitive impairment diagnosis in comparison with a mixed category of different CR proxies. Second, a main cognitive change effect was found, pointing to greater cognitive change after stroke in those with low vs. high CR.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings emphasize that CR may prevent cognitive decline after stroke, but this effect can be modulated by different factors such the CR proxy and individual characteristics such as age or type of lesion. The methodological divergences of the studies (i.e., follow-up intervals, cognitive outcomes) need unification to diminish external sources of variability for predicting rates of cognitive decline after stroke.
Topics: Humans; Cognitive Reserve; Stroke; Cognitive Dysfunction; Educational Status; Incidence
PubMed: 36473672
DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101814 -
How much does sleep deprivation impair endurance performance? A systematic review and meta-analysis.European Journal of Sport Science Jul 2023We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effect of sleep deprivation on endurance performance, as well as possible effect-modifying factors.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effect of sleep deprivation on endurance performance, as well as possible effect-modifying factors. Searches were done in Pubmed, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus on 12 July 2022. We additionally searched the bibliographic references and citations on Google Scholar of the papers whose full text was analyzed. Eligible studies were randomized and non-randomized controlled trials that compared sleep deprivation and habitual-sleep night effects on endurance performance in healthy humans. The studies' quality was examined by the Cochrane Collaboration's risk of bias tool. We calculated the pooled standardized mean differences (pooled SMD) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) by a random-effects model. A mixed-effects model analyzed subgroups. Thirty-one studies were analyzed (n = 478), generating 38 effect sizes in full. The overall risk of bias was low in 8% of the studies, unclear in 74%, and high in 18%. Sleep deprivation in general had a moderate negative effect on endurance performance (polled SMD [95%CI] = -0.52 [-0.67; -0.38]). Training status, sleep deprivation magnitude, assessment time, exercise mode, and endpoint type did not influence the sleep deprivation effect, whereas longer exercises (>30 min) were more affected by sleep deprivation than shorter ones ( = 0.035). Therefore, the available evidence supports that sleep deprivation's deleterious effect on endurance performance is of moderate size and depends on exercise duration. This information can be useful to estimate the performance decrement of endurance exercise practitioners under sleep deprivation in training routines and competitions.PROSPERO registration number CRD42021229717.
Topics: Humans; Sleep Deprivation; Exercise; Exercise Therapy; Health Status; Nutritional Status
PubMed: 36472094
DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2022.2155583 -
Addictive Behaviors Reports Dec 2022Inpatient treatment for Substance Use Disorder (SUD), such as Therapeutic Communities and Residential Treatment has been used to test the effect of Mindfulness-Based... (Review)
Review
Inpatient treatment for Substance Use Disorder (SUD), such as Therapeutic Communities and Residential Treatment has been used to test the effect of Mindfulness-Based Interventions (MBI) over different outcomes. Although there is evidence of the effectiveness of MBIs, little is known about the particularities that the place may have in the outcomes. The main objective of this Systematic Review was to evaluate the effectiveness of MBIs for SUDs performed in the inpatient context. PubMed, Web of Science and PsycInfo were used for the search. Quantitative and qualitative studies with no control, usual treatment or other active comparator intervention for SUDs inpatient treatment from 1980 to 2020 were included. From 21 selected studies, 18 were quantitative and 3 qualitative; 12 studies were RCT. Most samples were comprised with women. Based on characteristics of outcomes, we were able to divide them into: Substance Use and Associated Outcomes, Stress, Impulsivity e Evaluation of the MBI protocol. Results suggest that stress assessment is a determining factor for treatment success in these settings. Regarding substance use, although several outcomes have been assessed, the most remarkable results were craving reduction and improvement in treatment adherence. There is evidence that MBIs in inpatient settings benefited those who participated in the experimental groups on some outcomes, such as stress and substance use. Little is mentioned about the impact of the environment over the outcomes and short follow-ups were a relevant limitation of most of the studies. Future assessments must increase follow-up time and evaluate the relationship between the context and the MBI.
PubMed: 36425879
DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2022.100467 -
Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease Nov 2022The number of publications on the development of arthritic pain after CHIKV infection is increasing; however, there is still a gap in the pathophysiological mechanisms... (Review)
Review
The number of publications on the development of arthritic pain after CHIKV infection is increasing; however, there is still a gap in the pathophysiological mechanisms that explain these outcomes. In this review, we conducted a descriptive analysis of the findings of patients to understand their prognosis and to explore therapeutic options. Here, we searched the Cochrane, BVS, PubMed, and Scielo databases using the keywords "arthritis", "pain", "arbovirus", "disease", "arthritogenic", and "arthralgia" during the 2000 to 2022 period. Descriptive analyses were conducted to understand the association between CHIKV infection and arthritogenic pain. The present study shows the persistence of acute phase signals for months, making the chronic phase still marked by the presence of arthralgia, often disabling under stimuli, such as temperature variation. CHIKV infection appears to be remarkably similar to rheumatoid arthritis, since both diseases share common symptoms. Once diagnosed, patients are mostly treated with analgesics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, and disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARD). As there are no prophylactic measures or specific treatments for arboviruses, this study gathered information on the development and manifestations of arthritogenic pain.
PubMed: 36422941
DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed7110390 -
PeerJ 2022Laterality effects on sports performance have been a field of interest for the sports sciences, especially in asymmetrical sports, which require the preferential use of...
BACKGROUND
Laterality effects on sports performance have been a field of interest for the sports sciences, especially in asymmetrical sports, which require the preferential use of one side of the body. Some sports in particular involve the visual system and ocular laterality, due to the need to clearly focus on a dynamic object (ball, opponent, projectile, ). The relationship between manual and ocular laterality results in two perceptual-motor profiles, one where the dominant hand and eye are ipsilateral (uncrossed hand-eye laterality profile, UC-HELP), and the other where they are contralateral (crossed hand-eye laterality profile, C-HELP).
METHODOLOGY
A systematic review of the literature was carried out to determine the prevalence of hand-eye laterality profiles in the different sports modalities and their relationship with psychological factors and sports performance. Searches of PsycInfo, Medline, Scopus and grey literature identified 14 studies (2,759 participants) regarding hand-eye laterality in sports that met the eligibility criteria.
RESULTS
Previous studies have estimated that between 10-30% of the general population exhibit a C-HELP, and 70-90% have an UC-HELP. The results of the reviewed studies indicate that in some sports the percentage of C-HELP is higher in regular and high-level athletes than in the normal population: golf (52.55%), soccer (53%), tennis (42%) and team sports (50.7%). In target sports (archery and shooting) athletes with an UC-HELP seem to have an advantage given the significant concentration of this profile in the highest performing populations (82.3%). In basketball, cricket and golf, the literature reviewed also reported biomechanical differences in the execution of some techniques between the two profiles. We did not find any study in our review that related hand-eye laterality with cognitive, tactical, or psychological aspects of athletes.
CONCLUSIONS
These results should be taken with great caution due to the potential bias linked to the methodologies used in the investigations, the heterogeneity in the assessment of hand-eye laterality, the few studies available on the subject and the indirect nature of many of the observed relationships between performance and laterality. For further investigation, we propose a standardized terminology and protocol of hand-eye laterality assessment in sports. The advancement in knowledge about hand-eye laterality profiles, along with the study of the relationship with psychological or tactical-sports patterns, can contribute to more effective development plans for athletes and can be a complement to talent detection.
Topics: Humans; Functional Laterality; Athletic Performance; Hand; Athletes; Soccer
PubMed: 36415863
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14385 -
Current Psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.) Nov 2022The prevalence of emotional disorders has increased in recent times. Emotional Reasoning (ER), which is a transdiagnostic process, occurs when feelings, rather than...
The prevalence of emotional disorders has increased in recent times. Emotional Reasoning (ER), which is a transdiagnostic process, occurs when feelings, rather than objective evidence, are used as a source of information to make judgements about the valence of a situation. Differences in ER may explain the existence and maintenance of emotional disorders. The objective is to systematically review the role of ER in the occurrence and severity of emotional disorders. Following PRISMA guidelines, we searched through: PubMed, PsycInfo, Scopus and The Cochrane Library. Search terms were "Emotional Reasoning", "ex-consequentia reasoning", "Affect-as-information"; and "emotional disorders", "anxiety", "depression", "depressive". Nine articles were included. An association was demonstrated between ER and a greater degree of anxious symptomatological severity. In depressive symptomatology, no significant differences were found. One study reported the effect of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy on ER bias, finding no changes after the intervention. Finally, another study evaluated the efficacy of computerised experiential training in reducing ER bias, showing significant differences. There are few studies on ER and its evolution in research has not been uniform over time. Encouragingly, though, research to date suggests that ER is a transdiagnostic process involved in several anxiety disorders. More investigation is needed to dilucidate whether ER also underlies the onset and maintenance of depressive disorders.
PubMed: 36406838
DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03884-4 -
International Journal of Environmental... Nov 2022Risk and loss aversion are phenomena with an important influence on decision-making, especially in economic contexts. At present, it remains unclear whether both are... (Review)
Review
Risk and loss aversion are phenomena with an important influence on decision-making, especially in economic contexts. At present, it remains unclear whether both are related, as well as whether they could have an emotional origin. The objective of this review, following the PRISMA statements, is to find consistencies in the genetic bases of risk and loss aversion with the aim of understanding their nature and shedding light on the above issues. A total of 23 empirical research met the inclusion criteria and were included from PubMed and ScienceDirect. All of them reported genetic measures from human samples and studied risk and loss aversion within an economic framework. The results for risk aversion, although with many limitations, attributed mainly to their heterogeneity and the lack of control in the studies, point to the implication of multiple polymorphisms related to the regulation of the serotonergic and dopaminergic pathways. In general, studies found the highest levels of risk aversion were associated with alleles that are linked to lower (higher) sensitivity or levels of dopamine (serotonin). For loss aversion, the scarcity of results prevents us from drawing clear conclusions, although the limited evidence seems to point in the same direction as for risk aversion. Therefore, it seems that risk aversion could have a stable genetical base which, in turn, is closely linked to emotions, but more research is needed to answer whether this phenomenon is related to loss aversion, as well as if the latter could also have an emotional origin. We also provide recommendations for future studies on genetics and economic behavior.
Topics: Humans; Affect; Emotions; Polymorphism, Genetic; Dopamine; Alleles; Decision Making
PubMed: 36361187
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114307 -
International Journal of Environmental... Oct 2022Vaccine hesitancy decreases adult vaccination coverage and has been recognized by WHO as a major health threat. Primary care physicians (PCP) play a key role in... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Vaccine hesitancy decreases adult vaccination coverage and has been recognized by WHO as a major health threat. Primary care physicians (PCP) play a key role in vaccination by giving vaccine counselling to their patients. The aim of this systematic review is to identify the knowledge, beliefs, attitudes and barriers (KBAB) associated with own vaccination and patient recommendation in primary care physicians.
METHODS
MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases were used to search and identify relevant studies based on their title and abstract. In the next step, the full text of each previously selected article was read for eligibility. Articles were selected by two independent reviewers and data extraction was performed using tables. The following information was extracted: methodological characteristics, demographic factors, professional characteristics, and intrinsic or extrinsic factors influencing vaccination or recommendation.
RESULTS
Our search yielded 41 eligible papers, data-sources, previous practices, belief in the effectiveness or safety of the vaccine, perceived risk, and trust in health authorities were all shown to be related to own vaccination and patient recommendation.
CONCLUSION
Internet is the main source of information for PCP related to vaccine hesitancy. It is therefore essential to increase the presence and access to pro-vaccination content in this area. In addition, involving PCP in the establishment of vaccination recommendations could improve their credibility in the institutions. On the other hand, training in communication skills and establishing reminder systems could reflect higher vaccination coverage among their patients.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Physicians, Primary Care; Vaccination; Vaccines; Trust; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice
PubMed: 36360750
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192113872 -
Addiction Biology Nov 2022Classic psychedelics refer to substances such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), psilocybin, ayahuasca, and mescaline, which induce altered states of consciousness by...
Classic psychedelics refer to substances such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), psilocybin, ayahuasca, and mescaline, which induce altered states of consciousness by acting mainly on 5-HT receptors. Recently, the interest of psychedelics as pharmacological treatment for psychiatric disorders has increased significantly, including their use on problematic use of alcohol. This systematic review is aimed to analyse the last two decades of studies examining the relationship between classic psychedelics and alcohol consumption. We searched PubMed and PsycInfo for human and preclinical studies published between January 2000 to December 2021. The search identified 639 publications. After selection, 27 studies were included. Human studies (n = 20) generally show promising data and seem to indicate that classic psychedelics could help reduce alcohol consumption. Nevertheless, some of these studies present methodological concerns such as low number of participants, lack of control group or difficulty in determining the effect of classic psychedelics in isolation. On the other hand, preclinical studies (n = 7) investigating the effect of these compounds on voluntary alcohol consumption are scarce and show some conflicting data. Among these compounds, psilocybin seems to show the most consistent data indicating that this compound could be a potential candidate to treat alcohol use disorders. In the absence of understanding the biological and/or psychological mechanisms, more studies including methodological quality parameters are needed to finally determine the effects of classic psychedelics on alcohol consumption.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Hallucinogens; Psilocybin; Alcoholism; Lysergic Acid Diethylamide; Mescaline
PubMed: 36301215
DOI: 10.1111/adb.13229