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F1000Research 2021As of now, no study has combined research from different sciences to determine the most suitable diet for humans. This issue is urgent due to the predicted population... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
INTRODUCTION
As of now, no study has combined research from different sciences to determine the most suitable diet for humans. This issue is urgent due to the predicted population growth, the effect of this on the environment, and the deterioration of human health and associated costs.
METHODS
A literature review determined whether an optimal diet for humans exists and what such a diet is, followed by six meta-analyses. The standard criteria for conducting meta-analyses of observational studies were followed. A review of literature reporting Hazard Ratios with a 95% confidence interval for red meat intake, dairy intake, plant-based diet, fiber intake, and serum IGF-1 levels were extracted to calculate effect sizes.
RESULTS
Results calculated using NCSS software show that high meat consumption increases mortality probability by 18% on average and increases diabetes risk by 50%. Plant-based and high-fiber diets decrease mortality by 15% and 20% respectively ( < .001). Plant-based diets decreased diabetes risk by 27%, and dairy consumption (measured by increased IGF-1 levels) increased cancer probability by 48% ( < 0.01). A vegetarian or Mediterranean diet was not found to decrease the probability of heart disease. A vegetarian diet can be healthy or not, depending on the foods consumed. A Mediterranean diet with high quantities of meat and dairy products will not produce the health effects desired. The main limitations of the study were that observational studies were heterogeneous and limited by potential confounders.
DISCUSSION
The literature and meta-analyses point to an optimal diet for humans that has followed our species from the beginnings of humankind. The optimal diet is a whole food, high fiber, low-fat, 90+% plant-based diet. This diet allowed humans to become the most developed species on Earth. To ensure people's nutritional needs are met healthily and sustainably, governmental dietary interventions are necessary.
Topics: Humans; Diabetes Mellitus; Diet, Mediterranean; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Meat; Policy
PubMed: 37928317
DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.73470.1 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2021Xanthomatous hypophysitis (XHP) is an extremely rare form of primary hypophysitis for which there is a lack of clinical experience. A comprehensive understanding of its...
PURPOSE
Xanthomatous hypophysitis (XHP) is an extremely rare form of primary hypophysitis for which there is a lack of clinical experience. A comprehensive understanding of its clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment is needed.
METHODS
Here, we report a case study and conduct a systematic review of XHP. Thirty-six cases were included, and their clinical manifestations, endocrine assessment, imaging features, treatment and follow-up data were collected and analyzed.
RESULTS
The mean age at diagnosis was 39.1 years, and females were predominant (75.0%). The most common symptom was headache (68.6%), and 66.7% of female patients presented menstrual disorders. The most common pituitary dysfunction was growth hormone (GH) deficiency. More than half of patients exhibited central diabetes insipidus (CDI). The majority of patients had an imaging presentation of a cystic lesion with peripheral enhancement. Pituitary stalk thickening was observed in half of the patients. Total lesion resection was achieved in 57.1% of cases. The recurrence rate after partial resection and biopsy was significantly higher than that after total lesion resection (57.1% 0.0%, P = 0.0147). The most common pituitary hormone abnormalities to resolve after surgery were hyperprolactinemia (100.0%) and GH deficiency (91.7%). The typical pathological feature was inflammatory infiltration of foamy histiocytes, which showed positivity for CD68.
CONCLUSION
Diagnosis of XHP is difficult when relying on clinical symptoms and imaging features. Therefore, surgical histopathology is necessary. Based on the available evidence, total lesion resection is recommended for treatment. However, the long-term prognosis for this rare disease remains unclear.
Topics: Adolescent; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Adult; Aged; Child; Female; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Human Growth Hormone; Humans; Hypophysitis; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Luteinizing Hormone; Male; Middle Aged; Pituitary Gland; Thyrotropin; Xanthomatosis; Young Adult
PubMed: 34659121
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.735655 -
Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai... Jun 2021As one of the neurotrophic factors and insulin family, insulin like growth factor-1(IGF-1) can promote cell synthesis and metabolism in tissues and organs, activate... (Review)
Review
As one of the neurotrophic factors and insulin family, insulin like growth factor-1(IGF-1) can promote cell synthesis and metabolism in tissues and organs, activate cell growth, proliferation and differentiation, and inhibit cell apoptosis. Sensorineural hearing loss is the most common manifestation of the inner ear disease, which is mainly caused by the damage of cochlear hair cells. The lack of IGF-1 directly affects the growth, development and differentiation of cochlear hair cells, thus IGF-1 participates in the maintenance of cell survival and repair during inner ear cell injury. This article systematically reviews the recent research progress on the protective mechanism of IGF-1 on the inner ear.
Topics: Ear, Inner; Hair Cells, Auditory; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural; Humans; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Nerve Growth Factors; Spiral Ganglion
PubMed: 34304523
DOI: 10.13201/j.issn.2096-7993.2021.06.020 -
Annals of Palliative Medicine Nov 2020In recent years, a number of studies have shown abnormal levels of peripheral insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in patients with mood disorder, but the results are not... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
In recent years, a number of studies have shown abnormal levels of peripheral insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in patients with mood disorder, but the results are not uniform. Therefore, this paper focuses on such studies, conducts a systematic review and meta-analysis, and discusses the factors affecting peripheral IGF-1 in patients with mood disorder.
METHODS
Cochrane database, PubMed database, Embase database, CNKI database, Wanfang Database and Weipu database were searched by computer. The retrieval time was from June 2020 to search for a controlled study of the relationship between bipolar disorder (BD) or major depressive disorder and normal control peripheral IGF-1. Review Manager (version 5.3) software was used for meta-analysis.
RESULTS
A total of 14 articles in Chinese and English were included; 285 patients with BD and 503 patients with major depressive disorder. Meta-analysis showed that in comparison with the control group, IGF-1 levels in peripheral blood of patients with BD (MD =67.66, 95% CI: 7.01-128.31, P=0.03) and major depressive disorder (MD =8.01, 95% CI: 3.43-12.58, P=0.0006) were significantly increased. In the meta-analysis comparing the peripheral IGF-1 levels of patients before and after treatment, the results showed no significant change in the peripheral IGF-1 level before and after treatment (P=0.53).
CONCLUSIONS
High peripheral IGF-1 level is a related factor of BD and major depressive disorder, although this needs to be confirmed by further large sample studies.
Topics: Bipolar Disorder; Databases, Factual; Depressive Disorder, Major; Humans; Insulin; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I
PubMed: 33302664
DOI: 10.21037/apm-20-1967 -
Complementary Therapies in Medicine Jan 2021The results of human studies assessing the efficacy of lycopene on insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels are inconsistent. Thus, we performed a systematic review... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
The results of human studies assessing the efficacy of lycopene on insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels are inconsistent. Thus, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the effects of lycopene supplementation on serum IGF-1 levels and cardiovascular disease.
METHODS
The literature published up to January 2020 was searched using the electronic databases Scopus, PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Embase and Google Scholar.
RESULTS
Seven qualified trials were included in the current meta-analysis. IGF-1 levels were non-significantly decreased in lycopene group compared to the control (WMD: -6.74 ng/mL, 95 % CI: -23.01 to 9.52, p = 0.42; I = 94.3 %). Subgroup analysis revealed a significantly decrease in IGF-1 levels upon lycopene supplementation at doses ≥15 mg/d (WMD: -6.40 ng/mL), intervention period <12 weeks (WMD: -6.49 ng/mL), and subjects aged ≥60 years (WMD: -24.98 mg/dl). In addition, lycopene intake significantly reduced IGF-1 levels upon healthy conditions (WMD: -25.59 ng/mL) when compared with cancer patients (WMD: 0.35 ng/mL). In addition, the effect of lycopene supplementation was significant in patients diagnosed with cardiac disorders.
CONCLUSION
Overall, lycopene intake was not associated with reduced serum IGF-1 levels. However, association was significant when lycopene was administrated at doses >15 mg/d, for <12 weeks, as well as for healthy conditions and patients aged ≥60 years. In addition, lycopene supplementation exhibited potential health benefits in the management of patients with cardiac disorders.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Antioxidants; Cardiovascular Diseases; Female; Humans; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Lycopene; Male; Middle Aged; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 33259908
DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102632 -
In Vivo (Athens, Greece) 2020The insulin-like growth factor bioregulation system is implicated in cancer biology. Herein, we aim to review the evidence on the expression of the insulin-like growth... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND/AIM
The insulin-like growth factor bioregulation system is implicated in cancer biology. Herein, we aim to review the evidence on the expression of the insulin-like growth factor 1 and 2 (IGF1 and IGF2), their receptors (IGF-Rs) and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) in thyroid tissue and their possible association with benign and malignant thyroid nodular diseases.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We systematically reviewed Pubmed and Scopus databases up to May 2020. A total of 375 articles were retrieved and analyzed.
RESULTS
Among 375 articles, 45 were included in this systematic review study. IGF1 was investigated in 31 studies, IGF2 in 1, IGF1 receptor in 15 and IGF-binding proteins in 13 articles. IGF1 expression in humans was dependent on the number and compound of benign nodules as well as the method of measurement. In differentiated thyroid carcinoma, a positive correlation between IGF1 and immunohistological stage was documented in some studies while in others only a positive trend was observed. IGF-1R and IGFBPs expression was higher in malignant rather than benign lesions. There was only a positive trend for increased IGF2 expression in malignancy, while IGFBPs were in most studies statistically increased in various cancer types compared to benign nodular disease.
CONCLUSION
The present data demonstrate that in most studies there is statistically positive expression of IGF-1 and less of IGF-2 in thyroid cancer compared to normal thyroid tissue.
Topics: Humans; Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Phosphorylation; Receptor, IGF Type 1; Signal Transduction; Thyroid Neoplasms
PubMed: 33144411
DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12141 -
Cells Sep 2020The number of diabetic patients grows constantly worldwide. Many patients suffer simultaneously from diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) and intervertebral disc disease...
The number of diabetic patients grows constantly worldwide. Many patients suffer simultaneously from diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) and intervertebral disc disease (IVDD), suggesting a strong link between T2DM and IVDD. T2DM rodent models provide versatile tools to study this interrelation. We hypothesized that the previously achieved studies in rodents approved it. Performing a search in the publicly available electronic databases according to our inclusion (e.g., experimental study with clearly outlined methods investigating IVDD in diabetic rodent models) and exclusion (e.g., non-experimental) criteria, we included 23 studies from 1992 to 2020 analyzing different aspects of IVDD in diabetic rodents, such as on pathogenesis (e.g., effects of hyperglycemia on IVD cells, sirtuin (SIRT)1/p53 axis in the interrelation between T2DM and IVDD), risk factors (e.g., high content of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) in modern diets), therapeutical approaches (e.g., insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I)), and prophylaxis. Regarding their quality, 12 studies were classified as high, six as moderate, and five as low. One strong, 18 moderate, and three mild evidences of the link between DM and IVDD in rodents were found, while only one study has not approved this link. We concluded that T2DM has a devastating effect on IVD, particularly in advanced cases, which needs to be further evaluated.
Topics: Animals; Cells, Cultured; Cytokines; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Insulin; Intervertebral Disc Degeneration; Male; Obesity; Rodentia; Somatomedins
PubMed: 33003542
DOI: 10.3390/cells9102208 -
Nutrients May 2020Observational research suggests that micronutrients may be protective for sarcopenia, a key health issue during ageing, potentially via effects on hormone synthesis and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Observational research suggests that micronutrients may be protective for sarcopenia, a key health issue during ageing, potentially via effects on hormone synthesis and metabolism. We aimed to carry out a systematic review of RCTs investigating effects of increasing dietary or supplemental micronutrient intake on sex hormones and IGF-1 in individuals aged 45 years or older. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane databases for RCTs reporting the effects of different micronutrients (vitamins A, C, D, or E; carotenoids; iron; copper; zinc; magnesium; selenium; and potassium) on sex hormones or IGF-1. Of the 26 RCTs identified, nine examined effects of vitamin D, nine of multi-nutrients, four of carotenoids, two of selenium, one of zinc, and one of vitamin E. For IGF-1 increasing vitamin D (MD: -0.53 nmol/L, 95% CI: -1.58, 0.52), multi-nutrients (MD: 0.60 nmol/L, 95% CI -1.12 to 2.33) and carotenoids (MD -1.32 nmol/L; 95% CI -2.76 to 0.11) had no significant effect on circulating concentrations. No significant effects on sex hormones of other micronutrients were found, but data were very limited. All trials had significant methodological limitations making effects of micronutrient supplementation on sex hormones unclear. Further high quality RCTs with physiological doses of micronutrients in people with low baseline intakes or circulating concentrations, using robust methodology, are required to assess effects of supplementation adequately.
Topics: Aged; Aging; Dietary Supplements; Female; Food, Fortified; Gonadal Steroid Hormones; Humans; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Male; Micronutrients; Middle Aged; Nutritional Status; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 32443563
DOI: 10.3390/nu12051457 -
Medicine May 2019Insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 (IGF-1R) is a key player in a wide array of pathological processes, while the prognostic role of IGF-1R in lung cancer remains... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 (IGF-1R) is a key player in a wide array of pathological processes, while the prognostic role of IGF-1R in lung cancer remains controversial.
METHODS
We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the prognostic value of IGF-1R in lung cancer. We searched for recent studies on the expression of IGF-1R and extracted prognostic lung cancer data from the articles.
RESULTS
Eventually, 22 studies with 3859 patients were analyzed in our meta-analysis. Hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to quantify the ability of IGF-1R to predict survival. The results indicated that IGF-1R positive expression was associated with an unfavorable disease-free survival (DFS) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients on univariate analysis (HR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.00-1.55, P = .054) and multivariate analysis (HR = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.01-2.21, P = .045), but there was no significant difference in the relationship between IGF-1R positive expression and overall survival (OS) on univariate analysis (HR = 1.04, 95% CI: 0.86-1.25, P = .712) and multivariate analysis (HR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.57-1.39, P = .602). IGF-1R mRNA expression related to OS was obtained in 2 studies, with the pooled HR being 1.663 (95% CI: 1.071-2.583, P = .024). For IGF-1R expression and small cell lung cancer (SCLC), the conclusion was not statistically significant, with the pooled HR being 1.22 (95% CI: 0.66-2.27, P = .524).
CONCLUSIONS
Our results indicate that high expression of IGF-1R predicts poor DFS in NSCLC, yet it does not predict poor OS in NSCLC and SCLC. IGF-1R may be a useful predictor of outcomes in patients with NSCLC.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Prognosis; Receptor, IGF Type 1; Receptors, Somatomedin
PubMed: 31083179
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000015467 -
Advances in Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) May 2018Hypothyroidism due to iodine deficiency can impair physical development, most visibly in the marked stunting of myxedematous cretinism caused by severe in utero iodine...
Hypothyroidism due to iodine deficiency can impair physical development, most visibly in the marked stunting of myxedematous cretinism caused by severe in utero iodine deficiency. Whether iodine repletion improves growth in noncretinous children is uncertain. Therefore, the aim of our systematic review was to assess the effects of iodine fortification or supplementation on prenatal and postnatal growth outcomes in noncretinous children. Following Cochrane methods and PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) reporting guidelines, we searched 10 databases including 2 Chinese databases (latest search February 2017). We included randomized and nonrandomized controlled trials (RCTs; non-RCTs), controlled before-after (CBA) studies, and interrupted time-series studies in pregnant women and children (≤18 y), which compared the effects of iodine (any form, dose, regimen) to placebo, noniodized salt, or no intervention on prenatal and postnatal growth outcomes. We calculated mean differences with 95% CIs, performed random-effects meta-analyses, and assessed the quality of evidence with the use of GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation). We included 18 studies (13 RCTs, 4 non-RCTs, 1 CBA) (n = 5729). Iodine supplementation of severely iodine-deficient pregnant women increased mean birthweight [mean difference (MD): 200 g; 95% CI: 183, 217 g; n = 635; 2 non-RCTs] compared to controls, but the quality of this evidence was assessed as very low. Iodine repletion across the other groups showed no effects on primary growth outcomes (quality of evidence mostly low and very low). Meta-analyses showed a positive effect in moderate-to-mildly iodine-deficient schoolchildren on insulin-like growth factor-1 (MD: 38.48 ng/mL; 95% CI: 6.19, 70.76 ng/mL; n = 498; 2 RCTs, low-quality evidence) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (MD: 0.46 μg/mL; 95% CI: 0.25, 0.66 μg/mL; n = 498; 2 RCTs, low-quality evidence). In conclusion, we identified few well-designed trials examining the effects of iodine repletion on growth. We are uncertain whether prenatal iodine repletion increases infant growth. Postnatal iodine repletion may improve growth factors but has no clear effects on somatic growth. Our systematic review was registered with PROSPERO as CRD42014012940.
Topics: Birth Weight; Deficiency Diseases; Dietary Supplements; Female; Fetal Growth Retardation; Food, Fortified; Growth Disorders; Humans; Iodine; Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Sodium Chloride, Dietary; Somatomedins
PubMed: 29767700
DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmy009